Exam#3
... Complete the following narrative by circling the word or phrase in each parenthesis that most accurately completes the statement. (1 point each). There are two distinct ways microorganisms, and all other cellular beings, synthesize ATP. These are Substrate Level Phosphorylation (abbreviated SLP) an ...
... Complete the following narrative by circling the word or phrase in each parenthesis that most accurately completes the statement. (1 point each). There are two distinct ways microorganisms, and all other cellular beings, synthesize ATP. These are Substrate Level Phosphorylation (abbreviated SLP) an ...
Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle
... • Practice problems • Questions about Pset 4? ...
... • Practice problems • Questions about Pset 4? ...
C483 Final Exam Study Guide The final will be held in CH 001 at 8
... 7. Describe each cycle/transport system (compounds, compartments, tissues) and explain its purpose: A. malate/aspartate shuttle B. citrate transport system C. Cori cycle D. glucose/alanine cycle 8. For each of these cofactors, explain its chemical function and give an example of a type of enzyme tha ...
... 7. Describe each cycle/transport system (compounds, compartments, tissues) and explain its purpose: A. malate/aspartate shuttle B. citrate transport system C. Cori cycle D. glucose/alanine cycle 8. For each of these cofactors, explain its chemical function and give an example of a type of enzyme tha ...
cellrespNed2012 46 KB
... -pyruvate is a small 3 carbon molecule that holds energy. It is unleashed anaerobically in the cytoplasm or converted aerobically in mitochondria to lots of ATP. -The events leading to pyruvate synthesis require many enzymes whose names you will resent if I make you know them. They are kinases, and ...
... -pyruvate is a small 3 carbon molecule that holds energy. It is unleashed anaerobically in the cytoplasm or converted aerobically in mitochondria to lots of ATP. -The events leading to pyruvate synthesis require many enzymes whose names you will resent if I make you know them. They are kinases, and ...
Anaerobic glycolysis
... • Excess lactic acid in blood > 5mM • pH < 7.2 • From increased NADH/NAD+ Many causes -> • Excess alcohol • Hypoxia ...
... • Excess lactic acid in blood > 5mM • pH < 7.2 • From increased NADH/NAD+ Many causes -> • Excess alcohol • Hypoxia ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Related Enzymes in Cell
... ground with glass powder as described by Ramasarma & Ramakrishnan (1961), with the modification that phosphate buffer (005m, pH 6-0) was used to extract the enzyme. Protein content. The amount of protein was determined by the biuret method (Gornall, Bardawill & David, 1957). Enzyme a88ay8. Aconitase ...
... ground with glass powder as described by Ramasarma & Ramakrishnan (1961), with the modification that phosphate buffer (005m, pH 6-0) was used to extract the enzyme. Protein content. The amount of protein was determined by the biuret method (Gornall, Bardawill & David, 1957). Enzyme a88ay8. Aconitase ...
Cellular Respiration Activity 9 1. The summary formula for cellular
... b. Where is each of the products produced in the overall process? ...
... b. Where is each of the products produced in the overall process? ...
Chapter 18 Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Coenzyme NAD+ NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) • is an important coenzyme in which the B3 vitamin niacin provides the nicotinamide group, which is bonded to ADP • participates in reactions that produce a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O) • is reduced when an oxidation provides 2H+ and 2 e– ...
... Coenzyme NAD+ NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) • is an important coenzyme in which the B3 vitamin niacin provides the nicotinamide group, which is bonded to ADP • participates in reactions that produce a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O) • is reduced when an oxidation provides 2H+ and 2 e– ...
ENZYMES: CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE
... • Hydrogen, electrons, or groups of atoms can be transferred ...
... • Hydrogen, electrons, or groups of atoms can be transferred ...
External sources of energy → biologically energy : ATP
... • Electron transport chain • High energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 O2 • Convert energy released into a proton motive force (H+ gradient) ...
... • Electron transport chain • High energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 O2 • Convert energy released into a proton motive force (H+ gradient) ...
effects of dietary micromelum minutum leaves on the metabolizing
... The susceptibility of biological systems to chemical carcinogenesis is partly controlled by the balance between phase I enzyme systems (cytochrome P450[P450]-dependent mono-oxygenases) and phase II enzymes (i.e. glutathione-S-transferase [GST], UDP-glucuronyltransferase(UGT) and NAD(P)H:quinone redu ...
... The susceptibility of biological systems to chemical carcinogenesis is partly controlled by the balance between phase I enzyme systems (cytochrome P450[P450]-dependent mono-oxygenases) and phase II enzymes (i.e. glutathione-S-transferase [GST], UDP-glucuronyltransferase(UGT) and NAD(P)H:quinone redu ...
Exam 2 Practice - Nicholls State University
... a. influences the amount of product in solution b. changes the free energy of a reaction c. influences an enzyme's properties by binding to it away from the active site d. influences an enzyme's properties by binding to it at the active site 13. In theory, how many ATP can be produced from one molec ...
... a. influences the amount of product in solution b. changes the free energy of a reaction c. influences an enzyme's properties by binding to it away from the active site d. influences an enzyme's properties by binding to it at the active site 13. In theory, how many ATP can be produced from one molec ...
Name: Date: Period: ______ Unit 6, Part 2 Notes – Aerobic Cellular
... FADH2. The energy from these electrons is used to fuel the creation of ATP from ADP and Pi. The steps involved in this process are given below. 1. NADH and FADH2 release high-energy electrons at the beginning of an electron transport chain complex. In the process, NADH and FADH2 are converted back i ...
... FADH2. The energy from these electrons is used to fuel the creation of ATP from ADP and Pi. The steps involved in this process are given below. 1. NADH and FADH2 release high-energy electrons at the beginning of an electron transport chain complex. In the process, NADH and FADH2 are converted back i ...
Chapter 3
... 6. Discuss the biochemical pathways involved in anaerobic ATP production. 7. Discuss the aerobic production of ATP. 8. Describe the general scheme used to regulate metabolic pathways involved in bioenergetics bioenergetics. 9. Discuss the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic ATP production duri ...
... 6. Discuss the biochemical pathways involved in anaerobic ATP production. 7. Discuss the aerobic production of ATP. 8. Describe the general scheme used to regulate metabolic pathways involved in bioenergetics bioenergetics. 9. Discuss the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic ATP production duri ...
b-Oxidation of fatty acids
... IV: Mitochondrial function (e.g. hepatocytes) 1) citric acid cycle as an energy source a) pyruvate or a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase b) lipoic acid therapy 2) the respiratory chain as an energy source 3) oxidative phosphorylation and uncouplers 4) membrane transporters and shuttles a) cytosolic NADH ...
... IV: Mitochondrial function (e.g. hepatocytes) 1) citric acid cycle as an energy source a) pyruvate or a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase b) lipoic acid therapy 2) the respiratory chain as an energy source 3) oxidative phosphorylation and uncouplers 4) membrane transporters and shuttles a) cytosolic NADH ...
Metabolism encompasses degradative and biosynthetic pathways
... The adenylates (ATP, ADP, AMP) are the primary energy currency ...
... The adenylates (ATP, ADP, AMP) are the primary energy currency ...
Quiz (B) 1. Which of the following statements concerning enzyme
... a. Heterotropic effectors; some enzymes are regulated by their own product. b. Allosteric effectors always increase K0.5 c. induction or repression the enzyme synthesis, example insulin. d. Homotropic effectors; some enzymes are regulated by their own substrate. e. Covalent modification (phosphoryla ...
... a. Heterotropic effectors; some enzymes are regulated by their own product. b. Allosteric effectors always increase K0.5 c. induction or repression the enzyme synthesis, example insulin. d. Homotropic effectors; some enzymes are regulated by their own substrate. e. Covalent modification (phosphoryla ...
Water - University of California, Los Angeles
... The adenylates (ATP, ADP, AMP) are the primary energy currency ...
... The adenylates (ATP, ADP, AMP) are the primary energy currency ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.