Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis)
... glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but most ATP comes from oxidative chain). phosphorylation (through electron transport chain). Each NADH from the Krebs cycle and the conversion of pyruvate ...
... glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but most ATP comes from oxidative chain). phosphorylation (through electron transport chain). Each NADH from the Krebs cycle and the conversion of pyruvate ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
... 3. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? In the cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell 4. How many ATP are used (changed to ADP) in the first half of glycolysis? 2 ATP are used 5. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? 4 ATP are made 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glyc ...
... 3. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? In the cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell 4. How many ATP are used (changed to ADP) in the first half of glycolysis? 2 ATP are used 5. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? 4 ATP are made 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glyc ...
PS 3 Answers
... (ATP REQ. STEP #1) To make each malonyl-CoA requires 1 ATP and an Acetyl-Co and enzyme that uses the co-factor, biotin; (ATP REQ. STEP STEP #2) A keto bond must be reduced by NADPH (2.5 ATP); (ATP REQ. STEP STEP #3) A C=C double bond must be reduced by NADPH (2.5 ATP). NADPH is used over NADH, since ...
... (ATP REQ. STEP #1) To make each malonyl-CoA requires 1 ATP and an Acetyl-Co and enzyme that uses the co-factor, biotin; (ATP REQ. STEP STEP #2) A keto bond must be reduced by NADPH (2.5 ATP); (ATP REQ. STEP STEP #3) A C=C double bond must be reduced by NADPH (2.5 ATP). NADPH is used over NADH, since ...
04. Introduction to metabolism
... Anabolic reactions - synthesize molecules for cell maintenance, growth and reproduction Catabolism is characterized by oxidation reactions and by release of free energy which is transformed to ATP. Anabolism is characterized by reduction reactions and by utilization of energy accumulated in ATP mole ...
... Anabolic reactions - synthesize molecules for cell maintenance, growth and reproduction Catabolism is characterized by oxidation reactions and by release of free energy which is transformed to ATP. Anabolism is characterized by reduction reactions and by utilization of energy accumulated in ATP mole ...
ENZYMES (Basic Concepts and Kinetics) (Chapter 8)
... The Effects of Enzyme Inhibitors 1. Competitive In the presence of a competitive inhibitor, it takes a higher substrate concentration to achieve the same velocities that were reached in its absence. So while Vmax can still be reached if sufficient substrate is available, one-half Vmax requires a h ...
... The Effects of Enzyme Inhibitors 1. Competitive In the presence of a competitive inhibitor, it takes a higher substrate concentration to achieve the same velocities that were reached in its absence. So while Vmax can still be reached if sufficient substrate is available, one-half Vmax requires a h ...
2014 Cellular Respiration ppt
... Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. GLYCOLYSIS (fist step in both types of respiration) -- Enzymeassisted anaerobic process that breaks down one sixcarbon molecule of glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate ions, producing a net result of 2 ATP and a NADH, electron ...
... Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. GLYCOLYSIS (fist step in both types of respiration) -- Enzymeassisted anaerobic process that breaks down one sixcarbon molecule of glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate ions, producing a net result of 2 ATP and a NADH, electron ...
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
... 3 reactions in glycolysis are essentially irreversible, thus ...
... 3 reactions in glycolysis are essentially irreversible, thus ...
AP Biology Question Set
... 48. The conversion of ATP to ADP and Pi releases approxi mately 7.3 kcal/mol of energy. This energy release fuels (endergonic) reactions in the cell. Equilibrium of the reaction is far to the right and favors the formation of ADP. In the converse, the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is energy inten ...
... 48. The conversion of ATP to ADP and Pi releases approxi mately 7.3 kcal/mol of energy. This energy release fuels (endergonic) reactions in the cell. Equilibrium of the reaction is far to the right and favors the formation of ADP. In the converse, the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is energy inten ...
7.014 Quiz I Handout
... d) When exposed to light, plant cells show net absorption of CO2 and net production of O2. In the dark, they show net production of CO2 and net absorption of O2 i) What biochemical process is responsible for the plant's absorption of O2 and production of CO2 in the dark? Explain briefly. Respiration ...
... d) When exposed to light, plant cells show net absorption of CO2 and net production of O2. In the dark, they show net production of CO2 and net absorption of O2 i) What biochemical process is responsible for the plant's absorption of O2 and production of CO2 in the dark? Explain briefly. Respiration ...
Physical Properties - Chemistry at Winthrop University
... •Since the -amino group and the carboxylic acid group at the start and finish of every amino acid are involved in forming peptide bonds, we usually only need to worry about the side ...
... •Since the -amino group and the carboxylic acid group at the start and finish of every amino acid are involved in forming peptide bonds, we usually only need to worry about the side ...
Q1. (a) Describe the part played by the inner membrane of a
... of aerobic respiration. Others saw the phrase “production of ATP” and gave a detailed account of reduction and oxidation along the electron transfer chain, often including the chemi-osmotic theory of ATP production. Those who read the question carefully realised that this wasn’t required and confine ...
... of aerobic respiration. Others saw the phrase “production of ATP” and gave a detailed account of reduction and oxidation along the electron transfer chain, often including the chemi-osmotic theory of ATP production. Those who read the question carefully realised that this wasn’t required and confine ...
Case 39 Inhibition of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Focus concept The
... Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is the enzyme that is responsible for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde (the reaction is shown in Figure 39.1). It is the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of ethanol in the alcoholic beverages we consume. Five different isozymes of ADH have been identified, and it h ...
... Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is the enzyme that is responsible for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde (the reaction is shown in Figure 39.1). It is the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of ethanol in the alcoholic beverages we consume. Five different isozymes of ADH have been identified, and it h ...
Nobel Prizes 1907 Eduard Buchner, cell
... of the thioester bondmuch energy;citrate synthase conformational change binding with oxalo;the only SLP in cycle:succinyl-CoA synthetase(his residue in map);succinate dehynase(A flavoprotein with FAD,3 Fe-S centers;only integral mem pro for CAC, Malonate(丙二酸) is a strong competitive inhibitor)Fumar ...
... of the thioester bondmuch energy;citrate synthase conformational change binding with oxalo;the only SLP in cycle:succinyl-CoA synthetase(his residue in map);succinate dehynase(A flavoprotein with FAD,3 Fe-S centers;only integral mem pro for CAC, Malonate(丙二酸) is a strong competitive inhibitor)Fumar ...
Cell Respiration notes
... (energy). CO2 and H20 are waste products. – The opposite of photosynthesis. – Involves three steps: glycolysis, kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain. ...
... (energy). CO2 and H20 are waste products. – The opposite of photosynthesis. – Involves three steps: glycolysis, kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain. ...
2.277 December 2004 Final Exam
... 3) Phospholipid molecules in bilayers can move laterally and can also move from one side of the bilayer to the other. 4) Polar molecules can easily cross a phospholipid bilayer 5) All of the above are true ...
... 3) Phospholipid molecules in bilayers can move laterally and can also move from one side of the bilayer to the other. 4) Polar molecules can easily cross a phospholipid bilayer 5) All of the above are true ...
Cell Respiration notes
... Carbohydrates and O2 are used to make ATP (energy). CO2 and H20 are waste products. Involves three steps: glycolysis, kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain. The opposite of photosynthesis. ...
... Carbohydrates and O2 are used to make ATP (energy). CO2 and H20 are waste products. Involves three steps: glycolysis, kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain. The opposite of photosynthesis. ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview of Cycle Fate of Acetyl CoA
... • Used to drive reaction in presence of small [oxaloacetate] ...
... • Used to drive reaction in presence of small [oxaloacetate] ...
Document
... - Pyruvate is reduced to lactate. - Accumulation of lactate causes the muscles to tire and sore. - Then we breathe rapidly to repay the O2. - Most lactate is transported to liver to convert back into pyruvate. ...
... - Pyruvate is reduced to lactate. - Accumulation of lactate causes the muscles to tire and sore. - Then we breathe rapidly to repay the O2. - Most lactate is transported to liver to convert back into pyruvate. ...
Chapter 9: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... 3. Reactions occur freely in the 4. All organisms, but a few bacteria, exhibit glycolysis 5. Glycolysis has been added to, but not replaced by other processes a. Evolution is an incremental process b. Change occurs by improving upon past success C. Closing the Metabolic Circle: The Regeneration of N ...
... 3. Reactions occur freely in the 4. All organisms, but a few bacteria, exhibit glycolysis 5. Glycolysis has been added to, but not replaced by other processes a. Evolution is an incremental process b. Change occurs by improving upon past success C. Closing the Metabolic Circle: The Regeneration of N ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... The reduced co-reactant can also pass on the electrons, through a series of redox carriers (the ‘terminal respiratory system’; TRS), until, eventually, they combine with O2 deliberately taken into the cell, to form H2O. The citric acid cycle, in which much of the reduction of NAD+ and FAD occurs, is ...
... The reduced co-reactant can also pass on the electrons, through a series of redox carriers (the ‘terminal respiratory system’; TRS), until, eventually, they combine with O2 deliberately taken into the cell, to form H2O. The citric acid cycle, in which much of the reduction of NAD+ and FAD occurs, is ...
Enzymes - Solon City Schools
... Heat used to cauterize blood vessels Autoclave sterilizes instruments Milk is heated to make yogurt ...
... Heat used to cauterize blood vessels Autoclave sterilizes instruments Milk is heated to make yogurt ...
- Circle of Docs
... a. B-1 b. B-3 c. B-6 d. B-12 29. Niacin and riboflavin are coenzymes involved in a __________ reaction a. Decarboxylation b. Carboxylation c. Transamination d. Oxidation/reduction 30. hyperglycemia is closely associated with a. diabetes insipidus b. renal diabetes c. diabetes mellitus d. hyperinsuli ...
... a. B-1 b. B-3 c. B-6 d. B-12 29. Niacin and riboflavin are coenzymes involved in a __________ reaction a. Decarboxylation b. Carboxylation c. Transamination d. Oxidation/reduction 30. hyperglycemia is closely associated with a. diabetes insipidus b. renal diabetes c. diabetes mellitus d. hyperinsuli ...
Chapter 8
... backbone • Tertiary – interactions between R groups • Quaternary – more than 1 polypeptide subunit ...
... backbone • Tertiary – interactions between R groups • Quaternary – more than 1 polypeptide subunit ...
outline File
... Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a modified energy yield of 32 ATP due to alternate calculations of ATP generated from electron carriers. We will discuss these alternate calculations in class*** 7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration feedback inhibition 7.8 Oxidation Without Oxyg ...
... Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a modified energy yield of 32 ATP due to alternate calculations of ATP generated from electron carriers. We will discuss these alternate calculations in class*** 7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration feedback inhibition 7.8 Oxidation Without Oxyg ...
Energy
... Once this phosphate is formed, glucose is trapped within the cell because phosphorylated molecules cannot cross the cell membrane. Like the first step in many metabolic pathways, the formation of glucose-6-phosphate is highly exergonic and not reversible in the glycolytic pathway, thereby committing ...
... Once this phosphate is formed, glucose is trapped within the cell because phosphorylated molecules cannot cross the cell membrane. Like the first step in many metabolic pathways, the formation of glucose-6-phosphate is highly exergonic and not reversible in the glycolytic pathway, thereby committing ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.