LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... (5 x 1 = 5 marks) (11) Ethanol acts as a ________ inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase when used in methanol poisoning. (12) ________ is a naturally occurring ribozyme. (13) Stability of an enzyme can be improved by introducing _______ bonds in the enzyme structure. (14) ________ enzyme is used in the ...
... (5 x 1 = 5 marks) (11) Ethanol acts as a ________ inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase when used in methanol poisoning. (12) ________ is a naturally occurring ribozyme. (13) Stability of an enzyme can be improved by introducing _______ bonds in the enzyme structure. (14) ________ enzyme is used in the ...
Document
... Fuel Use During Exercise - running speed depends upon rate of ATP production - a 100 m sprint (~10 sec) is powered by stored ATP, creatine phosphate, and anaerobic glycolysis. - but in a 1000 m run (~132 sec) creatine phosphate would be depleted and anaerobic glycolysis cannot last this long becau ...
... Fuel Use During Exercise - running speed depends upon rate of ATP production - a 100 m sprint (~10 sec) is powered by stored ATP, creatine phosphate, and anaerobic glycolysis. - but in a 1000 m run (~132 sec) creatine phosphate would be depleted and anaerobic glycolysis cannot last this long becau ...
PDF - School of Chemical Sciences
... expense of NADPH and the lack of a good regeneration system. Hence the development of an efficient NADPH regeneration system is highly desired. Phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) [21] is a promising NADH regeneration catalyst that fulfills many of the criteria for efficient cofactor recycling systems such ...
... expense of NADPH and the lack of a good regeneration system. Hence the development of an efficient NADPH regeneration system is highly desired. Phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) [21] is a promising NADH regeneration catalyst that fulfills many of the criteria for efficient cofactor recycling systems such ...
Enzymes
... (4) The enzyme lets go. Big idea - When the enzyme lets go, it returns to normal, ready to do another reaction. The substrate is no longer the same. The substrate is now called the PRODUCT. ...
... (4) The enzyme lets go. Big idea - When the enzyme lets go, it returns to normal, ready to do another reaction. The substrate is no longer the same. The substrate is now called the PRODUCT. ...
ENZYMES MAKE THE WORLD GO `ROUND
... everywhere in life. Catalysts are also used in the human body in order to make very difficult reactions happen. They help very large molecules combine. There is another interesting fact about catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. With the activation energ ...
... everywhere in life. Catalysts are also used in the human body in order to make very difficult reactions happen. They help very large molecules combine. There is another interesting fact about catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. With the activation energ ...
22. Think of two different proteins: both are enzymes. a) What
... Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation: requires donor of phosphate group (ATP=P1+energy) d) What is the main difference between the mechanism in c) and allosteric control? Two enzymes are needed to regulate for covalent binding in phosphorylation/de. and no enzymes are used for non covalent allosteric b ...
... Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation: requires donor of phosphate group (ATP=P1+energy) d) What is the main difference between the mechanism in c) and allosteric control? Two enzymes are needed to regulate for covalent binding in phosphorylation/de. and no enzymes are used for non covalent allosteric b ...
- Angelo State University
... are good sources for these acids. • The average American receives about 42% of the calories in their diets from fat, while the recommendation is about 30%. ...
... are good sources for these acids. • The average American receives about 42% of the calories in their diets from fat, while the recommendation is about 30%. ...
Respiration
... • The cristae has a thousands of protein complexes that are alternatively oxidized and reduced. These complexes receive the high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. • The generation of ATP is derived not from the oxidation and reduction of the protein complexes, but from a process known as ...
... • The cristae has a thousands of protein complexes that are alternatively oxidized and reduced. These complexes receive the high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. • The generation of ATP is derived not from the oxidation and reduction of the protein complexes, but from a process known as ...
Exam#2-`95
... e. ADP, ATP 11. The two main sources of proton release during catabolism in skeletal muscle are, a. pyruvate and lactate b. amino acid oxidation and lipolysis c. electron transport and TCA cycle d. NAD+ and FAD+ e. glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis 12. Two important functions of enzymes are to …….. a. c ...
... e. ADP, ATP 11. The two main sources of proton release during catabolism in skeletal muscle are, a. pyruvate and lactate b. amino acid oxidation and lipolysis c. electron transport and TCA cycle d. NAD+ and FAD+ e. glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis 12. Two important functions of enzymes are to …….. a. c ...
AP Biology
... Hint: review the concept check questions – these are great quick quiz questions! 1. Define the two catabolic pathways: a. Fermentation b. Cellular respiration 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. 3. Why is bein ...
... Hint: review the concept check questions – these are great quick quiz questions! 1. Define the two catabolic pathways: a. Fermentation b. Cellular respiration 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. 3. Why is bein ...
Lecture 13
... products. However, most reactions that have an Keq for reduction >10-12 use the pro-R hydrogen while those reactions with a Keq <10-10 use the pro-S hydrogen. The reasons for this are still unclear ...
... products. However, most reactions that have an Keq for reduction >10-12 use the pro-R hydrogen while those reactions with a Keq <10-10 use the pro-S hydrogen. The reasons for this are still unclear ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
METABOLISM CATABOLISM AND ANABOLISM ATP MOLECULE
... what remains is keto acid and may be converted to pyruvic acid, acetyl-CoA, or one of the acids of the citric acid cycle during shortage of amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates can be aminated and converted to amino acids in gluconeogenesis, keto acids are used to synthesis glucose ...
... what remains is keto acid and may be converted to pyruvic acid, acetyl-CoA, or one of the acids of the citric acid cycle during shortage of amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates can be aminated and converted to amino acids in gluconeogenesis, keto acids are used to synthesis glucose ...
Mark scheme Outline the process of glycolysis. (5 marks) occurs in
... large surface area gives more space for electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation inner membrane contains ATP synthetase / ATPase / stalked particles that make ATP (narrow) gap between inner and outer membranes / inter-membrane space ( must be stated or labeled) pH / H+ / proton concentra ...
... large surface area gives more space for electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation inner membrane contains ATP synthetase / ATPase / stalked particles that make ATP (narrow) gap between inner and outer membranes / inter-membrane space ( must be stated or labeled) pH / H+ / proton concentra ...
Microbial Metabolism PowerPoint
... 1) X = source of reducing e- (ex. H2O, H2S, H2) C) Utilizes multiple pigments 1) chlorophylls a) absorb solar energy & use it to energize eb) found in plants, algae and cyanobacteria ...
... 1) X = source of reducing e- (ex. H2O, H2S, H2) C) Utilizes multiple pigments 1) chlorophylls a) absorb solar energy & use it to energize eb) found in plants, algae and cyanobacteria ...
25_Clickers
... Which of the following is not true of cofactors or coenzymes? A. They assist in catalyzing a variety of reactions. B. They can be metal ions. C. They may be organic molecules which are then called coenzymes. D. All vitamins function as coenzymes. E. They may function as reducing or oxidizing agents. ...
... Which of the following is not true of cofactors or coenzymes? A. They assist in catalyzing a variety of reactions. B. They can be metal ions. C. They may be organic molecules which are then called coenzymes. D. All vitamins function as coenzymes. E. They may function as reducing or oxidizing agents. ...
Chapter 9 - Angelfire
... a. This is the most common of the 3 pathways b. Occurs in the Cytoplasmic matrix of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells c. In a process called phosphorylation, phosphate groups are added to the 6carbon molecule, raising its free energy to a state that begins the exergonic reaction. d. In the secon ...
... a. This is the most common of the 3 pathways b. Occurs in the Cytoplasmic matrix of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells c. In a process called phosphorylation, phosphate groups are added to the 6carbon molecule, raising its free energy to a state that begins the exergonic reaction. d. In the secon ...
Slide 1
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... metabolized to lactate or to CO2 and alcohol (it is species specific)…result can be net gain of only 2 ATP per molecule verses 32 – 34 under normal cycle just described ...
... metabolized to lactate or to CO2 and alcohol (it is species specific)…result can be net gain of only 2 ATP per molecule verses 32 – 34 under normal cycle just described ...
AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... 9.23 Describe the evidence that suggests that Glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway. ...
... 9.23 Describe the evidence that suggests that Glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway. ...
File
... produce reduced NADH and 4-carbon succinyl-CoA. (One carbon is lost as CO2.) 6. Oxidation of succinyl-CoA produces succinate and one GTP that is converted to ATP. 7. Oxidation of succinate by FAD produces reduced FADH2 and fumarate. 8. Fumarate is converted into malate. 9. Oxidation of malate by NAD ...
... produce reduced NADH and 4-carbon succinyl-CoA. (One carbon is lost as CO2.) 6. Oxidation of succinyl-CoA produces succinate and one GTP that is converted to ATP. 7. Oxidation of succinate by FAD produces reduced FADH2 and fumarate. 8. Fumarate is converted into malate. 9. Oxidation of malate by NAD ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates can pass per glucose. Five more enzymatic reactions for a total of ten in Glycolysis. Four at this stage are reversible. Enzyme #10: Pyruvate Kinase (+ F1,6BP; - ATP) is regulated. As the carbon becomes oxidized the phosphate bonds elevate in their energy potential. ...
... Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates can pass per glucose. Five more enzymatic reactions for a total of ten in Glycolysis. Four at this stage are reversible. Enzyme #10: Pyruvate Kinase (+ F1,6BP; - ATP) is regulated. As the carbon becomes oxidized the phosphate bonds elevate in their energy potential. ...
Slide 1
... 7. Explain and interpret diagrams of each of the following pathways: glycolysis, fermentation, Kreb’s cycle, and the electron transport chain by doing the following: a. start and end carbon sources (molecules) b. ATP used, produced, and net c. NADH (NADre) used, produced, and net d. FADH2 used, prod ...
... 7. Explain and interpret diagrams of each of the following pathways: glycolysis, fermentation, Kreb’s cycle, and the electron transport chain by doing the following: a. start and end carbon sources (molecules) b. ATP used, produced, and net c. NADH (NADre) used, produced, and net d. FADH2 used, prod ...
Enzymes in Action Kit – In Brief
... enzymatic action by binding to another part of the enzyme. This second site, known as the allosteric site, is the place on an enzyme where a molecule that is not a substrate may bind, thus changing the shape of the enzyme and influencing its ability to be active. ...
... enzymatic action by binding to another part of the enzyme. This second site, known as the allosteric site, is the place on an enzyme where a molecule that is not a substrate may bind, thus changing the shape of the enzyme and influencing its ability to be active. ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.