Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... Function as enzymes directing the flow of reactions that move e(alternate between oxidized and reduced state) NADH and FADH2 are from Krebs and glycolysis NADH and FADH2 release H to these reactions H is split into H+ and eThe e- move through the carriers to the biggest e- acceptor (moving down hill ...
... Function as enzymes directing the flow of reactions that move e(alternate between oxidized and reduced state) NADH and FADH2 are from Krebs and glycolysis NADH and FADH2 release H to these reactions H is split into H+ and eThe e- move through the carriers to the biggest e- acceptor (moving down hill ...
AP Biology: Chapter 9
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
3. Metabolism - Professor Monzir Abdel
... Example: Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that normally metabolizes biologic amines like epinephrine. MAO can also oxidize a variety of drugs. If a person is taking a drug that inhibits MAO activity (like many blood pressure medications), it can be dangerous for that person to take other drugs t ...
... Example: Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that normally metabolizes biologic amines like epinephrine. MAO can also oxidize a variety of drugs. If a person is taking a drug that inhibits MAO activity (like many blood pressure medications), it can be dangerous for that person to take other drugs t ...
Enzymes & Energy
... into two molecules of pyruvic acid Anaerobic respiration - occurs in the absence of oxygen; reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid Aerobic respiration - occurs in the presence of oxygen and oxidizes pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water ...
... into two molecules of pyruvic acid Anaerobic respiration - occurs in the absence of oxygen; reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid Aerobic respiration - occurs in the presence of oxygen and oxidizes pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water ...
File - Ms. Richards IB Biology HL
... 1. Covalent electrons of methane are equally shared because carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities 2. As methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons shift away from carbon and hydrogen to the more electronegative oxygen 3. Since electrons lose potential energy when the ...
... 1. Covalent electrons of methane are equally shared because carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities 2. As methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons shift away from carbon and hydrogen to the more electronegative oxygen 3. Since electrons lose potential energy when the ...
Document
... In the following models the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are not shown. The models show the number of carbons in each molecule not the structural formula ...
... In the following models the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are not shown. The models show the number of carbons in each molecule not the structural formula ...
DG o
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
... products of metabolic reactions D. is the energy required for molecules to react with each other ...
... products of metabolic reactions D. is the energy required for molecules to react with each other ...
Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
... finally, ATP is produced from other energy transfer molecules in the electron transport system, or ETS, on the cristae of the mitochondria. This is called aerobic cellular respiration because it requires oxygen to complete the process. We will now look at each of these steps individually. To keep tr ...
... finally, ATP is produced from other energy transfer molecules in the electron transport system, or ETS, on the cristae of the mitochondria. This is called aerobic cellular respiration because it requires oxygen to complete the process. We will now look at each of these steps individually. To keep tr ...
Crystal Structures of the Oxidized and Reduced Forms of UDP
... electrostatic interactions between epimerase and NAD+ are extensive with 35 contacts below 3.2 Å as would be expected for an enzyme that binds the dinucleotide irreversibly. This is in sharp contrast to the patterns typically observed for the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases which bind nucleotides in a ...
... electrostatic interactions between epimerase and NAD+ are extensive with 35 contacts below 3.2 Å as would be expected for an enzyme that binds the dinucleotide irreversibly. This is in sharp contrast to the patterns typically observed for the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases which bind nucleotides in a ...
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate the four-carbon molecule (thus the “cycle” designation) ...
... – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate the four-carbon molecule (thus the “cycle” designation) ...
aerobic vs anerobic ws - Hicksville Public Schools
... 17. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group ...
... 17. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group ...
Enzymes - Land of Mayo
... bacteria are synthesizing tryptophan and other amino acids bacterium makes an excess of tryptophan tryptophan binds to enzyme used in tryptophan production this binding changes the shape of the enzyme and this inactivates the enzyme no more tryptophan is produced if there is too little t ...
... bacteria are synthesizing tryptophan and other amino acids bacterium makes an excess of tryptophan tryptophan binds to enzyme used in tryptophan production this binding changes the shape of the enzyme and this inactivates the enzyme no more tryptophan is produced if there is too little t ...
Document
... removing and then adding back the water ( H and OH ) to cis-aconitate in at different positions. Isocitrate is consumed rapidly by the next step thus deriving the reaction in forward direction. ...
... removing and then adding back the water ( H and OH ) to cis-aconitate in at different positions. Isocitrate is consumed rapidly by the next step thus deriving the reaction in forward direction. ...
Chapter 5 Lecture Notes
... 1. Light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons. Energy released from the transfer of electrons of chlorophyll through a system of carrier molecules via an electron transport chain is used to generate ATP and NADPH. 2. ATP and NADPH are then used to synthesize organic molecules from CO2 and H2O. (C ...
... 1. Light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons. Energy released from the transfer of electrons of chlorophyll through a system of carrier molecules via an electron transport chain is used to generate ATP and NADPH. 2. ATP and NADPH are then used to synthesize organic molecules from CO2 and H2O. (C ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... II. State whether the following are true or false, if false give reason (5 x 1 = 5 marks) (6) By placing oppositely charged amino acid residues at a proper distance from the ends of the α-helices, enzyme stability can be increased. (7) The transition state formed at the active site is a lower energy ...
... II. State whether the following are true or false, if false give reason (5 x 1 = 5 marks) (6) By placing oppositely charged amino acid residues at a proper distance from the ends of the α-helices, enzyme stability can be increased. (7) The transition state formed at the active site is a lower energy ...
Chapter 3
... – Removing an electron • Reduction – Addition of an electron • Oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions • Often involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms rather than free electrons – Hydrogen atom contains one electron – A molecule that loses a hydrogen also loses an electron and therefore ...
... – Removing an electron • Reduction – Addition of an electron • Oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions • Often involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms rather than free electrons – Hydrogen atom contains one electron – A molecule that loses a hydrogen also loses an electron and therefore ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation Goal: ATP Synthesis
... Glycerol‐3‐phosphate Shuttle • Glycerol phosphate shuttle (1.5 ATP/NADH) • Produces QH2 • Operational in some tissues/circumstances ...
... Glycerol‐3‐phosphate Shuttle • Glycerol phosphate shuttle (1.5 ATP/NADH) • Produces QH2 • Operational in some tissues/circumstances ...
Chapter 8
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Document
... Using recombinant DNA procedures, it is possible to modify a gene to use a different amino acid in a protein sequence. • Assists in the study of enzyme structure and activity. • Allow for the design of new enzymes and other proteins with desired properties. • The approach can be used for the design ...
... Using recombinant DNA procedures, it is possible to modify a gene to use a different amino acid in a protein sequence. • Assists in the study of enzyme structure and activity. • Allow for the design of new enzymes and other proteins with desired properties. • The approach can be used for the design ...
Diversity of Metabolism in Procaryotes
... conversion of an organic molecule from one form to another 2. electron transport phosphorylation : drive electrons through an electron transport system (ETS) in the membrane, establish a proton motive force (pmf), and use the pmf to synthesize ATP ...
... conversion of an organic molecule from one form to another 2. electron transport phosphorylation : drive electrons through an electron transport system (ETS) in the membrane, establish a proton motive force (pmf), and use the pmf to synthesize ATP ...
File
... 1. Cristae: Folds produced from an inner membrane. 2. Matrix: Contains enzymes used to break organic compounds. ...
... 1. Cristae: Folds produced from an inner membrane. 2. Matrix: Contains enzymes used to break organic compounds. ...
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a ______(metabolic
... The coenzymes that will provide the electrons needed for the electron transport system are: A. NADH and FADH2. B. NAD and FAD+. C. acetyl CoA and citrate. D. pyruvate and NADH. E. FAD and decarboxylase. e. The electron transport chain functions in: A. anaerobic respiration, and involves proteins in ...
... The coenzymes that will provide the electrons needed for the electron transport system are: A. NADH and FADH2. B. NAD and FAD+. C. acetyl CoA and citrate. D. pyruvate and NADH. E. FAD and decarboxylase. e. The electron transport chain functions in: A. anaerobic respiration, and involves proteins in ...
1) Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic
... B) There would be no difference in results. C) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. D) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. E) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon ...
... B) There would be no difference in results. C) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. D) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. E) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.