Glycolysis and fermentation
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
Document
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
Section 6 – Catalysis
... Conversion of an inactive enzyme to an active one Example Trypsinogen – Trypsin Trypsinogen is synthesised in the Pancreas Activation occurs when trypsinogen has amino acids removed in the duodenum by another protease enzyme This changes the trypsinogen into the active form trypsin Trypsin then help ...
... Conversion of an inactive enzyme to an active one Example Trypsinogen – Trypsin Trypsinogen is synthesised in the Pancreas Activation occurs when trypsinogen has amino acids removed in the duodenum by another protease enzyme This changes the trypsinogen into the active form trypsin Trypsin then help ...
Chapter 8
... • Normally, for every NADH produced within the mitochondria and processed by electrons transfer chain, three ATP are produced • FADH2 produced 2 ATP ...
... • Normally, for every NADH produced within the mitochondria and processed by electrons transfer chain, three ATP are produced • FADH2 produced 2 ATP ...
3.1 METABOLIC PATHWAYS §3.1a Overview of
... - The free energy of electrons is captured via generation of reduced compounds and released upon their oxidation—release of such free energy is needed to drive many metabolic reactions - The tendency of an oxidized compound to gain electrons (or become reduced) is rationalized in terms of the so-cal ...
... - The free energy of electrons is captured via generation of reduced compounds and released upon their oxidation—release of such free energy is needed to drive many metabolic reactions - The tendency of an oxidized compound to gain electrons (or become reduced) is rationalized in terms of the so-cal ...
Assignment CHE-09 TMA-01,02 Year 2005
... participates in the ________________ reaction. iv) The competitive inhibitors are also known as _____________. v) In lock and key model of enzyme action, the part of enzyme that recognises substrate is called the _______________. vi) In the tripeptide Cys – Ser – Leu, the amino acid with free amino ...
... participates in the ________________ reaction. iv) The competitive inhibitors are also known as _____________. v) In lock and key model of enzyme action, the part of enzyme that recognises substrate is called the _______________. vi) In the tripeptide Cys – Ser – Leu, the amino acid with free amino ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... The electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen Energy released by the electrons is used to pump H+ into the space between the mitochondrial membranes In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner membrane through ATP synthase complexes, which captu ...
... The electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen Energy released by the electrons is used to pump H+ into the space between the mitochondrial membranes In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner membrane through ATP synthase complexes, which captu ...
Unit 3: Chapter 6
... - Carry ____________ _______________ - _____________ for _________________ - The order of nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, C) determines the _______ of _____________ - The order of amino acids determines the protein ...
... - Carry ____________ _______________ - _____________ for _________________ - The order of nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, C) determines the _______ of _____________ - The order of amino acids determines the protein ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry 2/e
... Glycolysis converts to two C3 units. The free energy released in this process is harvested to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi ...
... Glycolysis converts to two C3 units. The free energy released in this process is harvested to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi ...
Mitochondrion Pyruvate Oxidation & Kreb`s Cycle
... prokaryotic cells who developed a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells. ...
... prokaryotic cells who developed a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells. ...
Electron Transport Chain
... Reduces flavoprotein Electron is passed to other molecules that have higher electronegativity ...
... Reduces flavoprotein Electron is passed to other molecules that have higher electronegativity ...
What agents? What war?
... because the PO4 molecule released is capable of resonance forms (delocalized proton and oxygen binding) not possible when phosphate is bound to another molecule ...
... because the PO4 molecule released is capable of resonance forms (delocalized proton and oxygen binding) not possible when phosphate is bound to another molecule ...
Biology 2 –Quiz 7 Cellular Respiration Name: Date: For the
... b. The flow of hydrogen protons through ATP synthase from the matrix to the intermembrane space drives the production of ATP(the phosphorylation of ADP) c. The production of water in the matrix by reduction of oxygen leads to a net flow of water out of the mitochondria. d. The energy released by red ...
... b. The flow of hydrogen protons through ATP synthase from the matrix to the intermembrane space drives the production of ATP(the phosphorylation of ADP) c. The production of water in the matrix by reduction of oxygen leads to a net flow of water out of the mitochondria. d. The energy released by red ...
Coenzymes and cofactors Vitamins and minerals
... o Mg2+ - cofactor involved in DNA replication o Ca2+ - not a cofactor because it is actually involved in the structure of teeth and bones Vitamins are organic molecules that are needed in small amounts in the diets of some higher animals. Vitamins can be grouped according to whether they are soluble ...
... o Mg2+ - cofactor involved in DNA replication o Ca2+ - not a cofactor because it is actually involved in the structure of teeth and bones Vitamins are organic molecules that are needed in small amounts in the diets of some higher animals. Vitamins can be grouped according to whether they are soluble ...
![[edit] Amino acids and proteins [edit] Lipids](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017606867_1-0f8e8f7866b15e60475e6df20c71fc0c-300x300.png)
[edit] Amino acids and proteins [edit] Lipids
... between catabolism and anabolism, with catabolic reactions generating ATP and anabolic reactions consuming it. It also serves as a carrier of phosphate groups in phosphorylation reactions. A vitamin is an organic compound needed in small quantities that cannot be made in the cells. In human nutritio ...
... between catabolism and anabolism, with catabolic reactions generating ATP and anabolic reactions consuming it. It also serves as a carrier of phosphate groups in phosphorylation reactions. A vitamin is an organic compound needed in small quantities that cannot be made in the cells. In human nutritio ...
respiration - sandsbiochem
... ATP synthase: enzyme that makes ATP Use E from proton (H+) gradient – flow of H+ back across membrane ...
... ATP synthase: enzyme that makes ATP Use E from proton (H+) gradient – flow of H+ back across membrane ...
Who Wants To Be A Biologist?
... Cyclic electron flow only makes ATP, while noncyclic flow makes ATP and NADPH. The dark reactions require 9 ATP for every 6 NADPH to make glucose. ...
... Cyclic electron flow only makes ATP, while noncyclic flow makes ATP and NADPH. The dark reactions require 9 ATP for every 6 NADPH to make glucose. ...
Name - Northern Highlands
... Oxidizes NADH and FADH2, producing NAD+ and FAD Electrons and hydrogens combine with O2 to form H2O Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria. FADH2 and NADH deliver high energy electrons/hydrogens to this stage. Generates most of the CO2 produced by cellular respiration. ATP synthase makes ATP ...
... Oxidizes NADH and FADH2, producing NAD+ and FAD Electrons and hydrogens combine with O2 to form H2O Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria. FADH2 and NADH deliver high energy electrons/hydrogens to this stage. Generates most of the CO2 produced by cellular respiration. ATP synthase makes ATP ...
PPT File
... Is the diffusion of H+ ions energy releasing or energy requiring? Is the formation of ATP from ADP energy releasing or energy requiring? Link these two statements in explaining the formation of ATP. ...
... Is the diffusion of H+ ions energy releasing or energy requiring? Is the formation of ATP from ADP energy releasing or energy requiring? Link these two statements in explaining the formation of ATP. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... In this chapter, we learned that: • Citric acid cycle is an important catabolic process: it makes GTP, and reduced cofactors that could yield ATP • Citric acid cycle plays important anabolic roles in the cell ...
... In this chapter, we learned that: • Citric acid cycle is an important catabolic process: it makes GTP, and reduced cofactors that could yield ATP • Citric acid cycle plays important anabolic roles in the cell ...
No Slide Title
... Those produced in the mitochondria generate more energy as they don’t need to be transported into the mitochondria ...
... Those produced in the mitochondria generate more energy as they don’t need to be transported into the mitochondria ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... H is split into H+ and eThe e- move through the carriers to the biggest e- acceptor (moving down hill – releasing potential energy and increasing entropy) The H+ accumulate in space btwn membranes ...
... H is split into H+ and eThe e- move through the carriers to the biggest e- acceptor (moving down hill – releasing potential energy and increasing entropy) The H+ accumulate in space btwn membranes ...
Essential Concept of Metabolism
... Electron transport is the transfer of eklectrons to oxygen (the final electron acceptor). Oxidative phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis and is a membrane-regulated process not directly related to the metabolism of specific substrates Fate of electrons: 1. Electron ...
... Electron transport is the transfer of eklectrons to oxygen (the final electron acceptor). Oxidative phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis and is a membrane-regulated process not directly related to the metabolism of specific substrates Fate of electrons: 1. Electron ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.