Cell respiration -2
... • Several steps in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle transfer electrons from substrates to NAD+, forming NADH. • NADH passes these electrons to the electron transport chain. ...
... • Several steps in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle transfer electrons from substrates to NAD+, forming NADH. • NADH passes these electrons to the electron transport chain. ...
Ch14
... radioactive and it is rather easy to measure these as they become transformed by metabolism. The beauty of it is that enzymes react with radioactive atoms as if they were the normal atoms (which they are in their electron clouds), it is just that the radioactive atoms of C, N, H, S, P have an extra ...
... radioactive and it is rather easy to measure these as they become transformed by metabolism. The beauty of it is that enzymes react with radioactive atoms as if they were the normal atoms (which they are in their electron clouds), it is just that the radioactive atoms of C, N, H, S, P have an extra ...
electron transport chain
... • The electrons carried by NADH loose very little of their potential energy in this process. • Other electron carriers (FADH2) are also used. ...
... • The electrons carried by NADH loose very little of their potential energy in this process. • Other electron carriers (FADH2) are also used. ...
Cellular Respiration notes
... energy, which by the end of the cycle produces many (up to 36) ATP molecules. • The ATP synthesized can be used by the cell for cellular metabolism ...
... energy, which by the end of the cycle produces many (up to 36) ATP molecules. • The ATP synthesized can be used by the cell for cellular metabolism ...
Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism
... Cell Respiration: Electron Transport System and the Proton Motive Force As glucose was oxidized you noticed that there was a fair amount of reducing power formed (NADH and FADH2). As NAD+ and FAD are reduced they carry the electrons to the cell membrane which is the site of the electron transport sy ...
... Cell Respiration: Electron Transport System and the Proton Motive Force As glucose was oxidized you noticed that there was a fair amount of reducing power formed (NADH and FADH2). As NAD+ and FAD are reduced they carry the electrons to the cell membrane which is the site of the electron transport sy ...
Ch 26 Notes
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O +6CO2 + ATP [+heat] Glucose catabolism – glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic respiration Mechanisms - Redox Reduction reactions add electrons to substances. Oxidations remove electrons [stepwise removal of pairs] They are always coupled – the electrons given in the reduc ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O +6CO2 + ATP [+heat] Glucose catabolism – glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic respiration Mechanisms - Redox Reduction reactions add electrons to substances. Oxidations remove electrons [stepwise removal of pairs] They are always coupled – the electrons given in the reduc ...
AP Biology Chapter 5 Notes
... You are welcome to write your notes in a notebook as well but this sheet will be due in your binders at the end of each unit. Your book research must say something different then the classroom notes unless boxes are merged. ...
... You are welcome to write your notes in a notebook as well but this sheet will be due in your binders at the end of each unit. Your book research must say something different then the classroom notes unless boxes are merged. ...
Pthways and metabolites of microbial cells
... is anabolism, or biosynthesis. Anabolic reactions join smaller molecules to form large ones, such as joining sugars and amino acids to form the bacterial cell wall. We say that anabolism and catabolism are "coupled" or linked together because catabolic reactions release the energy needed for anaboli ...
... is anabolism, or biosynthesis. Anabolic reactions join smaller molecules to form large ones, such as joining sugars and amino acids to form the bacterial cell wall. We say that anabolism and catabolism are "coupled" or linked together because catabolic reactions release the energy needed for anaboli ...
An Application of immobilized enzymes Biosensors
... Several enzymes with differing pH and temp optima could be used together ...
... Several enzymes with differing pH and temp optima could be used together ...
The process of beta oxidation is named after the carbon atom in the
... The process of beta oxidation is named after the carbon atom in the beta position of the fatty acyl-CoA which becomes the most oxidized during the cyclic redox reactions that remove C2 units in form of acetyl-CoA from the fatty acyl chain. The beta carbon becomes the new carboxyl end of the shortene ...
... The process of beta oxidation is named after the carbon atom in the beta position of the fatty acyl-CoA which becomes the most oxidized during the cyclic redox reactions that remove C2 units in form of acetyl-CoA from the fatty acyl chain. The beta carbon becomes the new carboxyl end of the shortene ...
Bio102 Problems
... AcCoA ATP, NADH and FADH2 Citric Acid Cycle Calvin-Benson Cycle ATP and NADPH Glucose (or Light-Independent Reactions) ...
... AcCoA ATP, NADH and FADH2 Citric Acid Cycle Calvin-Benson Cycle ATP and NADPH Glucose (or Light-Independent Reactions) ...
File - Kirkwall Grammar School
... What happens if intense muscle activity continues after the creatine phosphate store has depleted? ...
... What happens if intense muscle activity continues after the creatine phosphate store has depleted? ...
Document
... • Production of ATP in Electron Transport • Electrochemical Gradient Formed between membranes • H+ (Protons) generated from NADH • Electrical Force (+) & pH Force (Acid) • Gradient formed • ATPase enzyme that channels H+ from High to Low concentration – 3 ATP/NADH – 2 ATP/NADH Chapter 5 ...
... • Production of ATP in Electron Transport • Electrochemical Gradient Formed between membranes • H+ (Protons) generated from NADH • Electrical Force (+) & pH Force (Acid) • Gradient formed • ATPase enzyme that channels H+ from High to Low concentration – 3 ATP/NADH – 2 ATP/NADH Chapter 5 ...
Chapter 6
... • Cellular respiration is carried out in the mitochondria in animals and plants • Plants carry out photosynthesis and therefore have chloroplasts and mitochondria • Besides photosynthesis, they also must break down their products to make ATP for cellular processes ...
... • Cellular respiration is carried out in the mitochondria in animals and plants • Plants carry out photosynthesis and therefore have chloroplasts and mitochondria • Besides photosynthesis, they also must break down their products to make ATP for cellular processes ...
3rd Fall - rci.rutgers.edu
... A) P700 serves as the electron donor, ferredoxin as the ultimate acceptor, and CO2 provides the energy to move the electrons; B) H2S serves as the electron donor, NAD+ as the ultimate acceptor, and ATP provides the energy to move the electrons; C) Organic acids serves as the electron donor, cytochro ...
... A) P700 serves as the electron donor, ferredoxin as the ultimate acceptor, and CO2 provides the energy to move the electrons; B) H2S serves as the electron donor, NAD+ as the ultimate acceptor, and ATP provides the energy to move the electrons; C) Organic acids serves as the electron donor, cytochro ...
Document
... B2.5.2 Enzymes Relate the shape of an enzyme to its function Describe how high temperatures affect enzymes Describe how enzymes work at different pH values Describe examples of enzymes that work outside of body cells, such as digestive enzymes, including details of where they are produced, where the ...
... B2.5.2 Enzymes Relate the shape of an enzyme to its function Describe how high temperatures affect enzymes Describe how enzymes work at different pH values Describe examples of enzymes that work outside of body cells, such as digestive enzymes, including details of where they are produced, where the ...
Question
... glycolysis, going through pyruvate oxidation, moving through the Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle, ending with the electron transport chain and oxidative phoshorylation. You do not need to memorize each compound at every step, or the enzymes that catalyze every step, but by writing these out, you will gain ...
... glycolysis, going through pyruvate oxidation, moving through the Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle, ending with the electron transport chain and oxidative phoshorylation. You do not need to memorize each compound at every step, or the enzymes that catalyze every step, but by writing these out, you will gain ...
SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY - Georgia Institute of Technology
... GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism Phosphate Binding Pi ...
... GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism Phosphate Binding Pi ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 10
... Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to O2 Creates water Releases free energy Electron transfer occurs in stepwise fashion to maximize efficiency B. Five kinds of electron carriers are parts of respiratory complexes Flavoproteins Carry electrons and protons together Iron-sulfur proteins Car ...
... Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to O2 Creates water Releases free energy Electron transfer occurs in stepwise fashion to maximize efficiency B. Five kinds of electron carriers are parts of respiratory complexes Flavoproteins Carry electrons and protons together Iron-sulfur proteins Car ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
Document
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
4 Metabolism and Enzymes
... electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2) in aerobes. • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. Obligate anaerobes pe ...
... electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2) in aerobes. • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. Obligate anaerobes pe ...
Cell Biology - smithycroft
... Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy (Ea) of a reaction. The activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction. Different reactions have different activation energies. ...
... Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy (Ea) of a reaction. The activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction. Different reactions have different activation energies. ...
Chapter 9 powerpoint and animations
... = organisms that can make ATP using either fermentation or cellular respiration Ex: yeast and many bacteria With oxygen pyruvate → Krebs cycle ...
... = organisms that can make ATP using either fermentation or cellular respiration Ex: yeast and many bacteria With oxygen pyruvate → Krebs cycle ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.