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The nullo protein is a component of the actin
... in protein preparations from embryos homozygous for a small deficiency of nullo (Fig. 2B and C), indicating that both proteins are encoded by the nullo gene and that both monoclonal lines are specific for nullo proteins. The difference in migration between the two forms of nullo is probably due to a ...
... in protein preparations from embryos homozygous for a small deficiency of nullo (Fig. 2B and C), indicating that both proteins are encoded by the nullo gene and that both monoclonal lines are specific for nullo proteins. The difference in migration between the two forms of nullo is probably due to a ...
Electroporation into the Limb: Beyond Misexpression
... allows for a wide range of choice of vector systems. In the limb bud, the pCAGGS vector exhibits a 10 times stronger expression than the RCAS vector. The Xenopus elongation factor promoter exhibits a similar strength in the chick limb bud (Suzuki et al., unpubl. data, 2008). Third, electroporated tr ...
... allows for a wide range of choice of vector systems. In the limb bud, the pCAGGS vector exhibits a 10 times stronger expression than the RCAS vector. The Xenopus elongation factor promoter exhibits a similar strength in the chick limb bud (Suzuki et al., unpubl. data, 2008). Third, electroporated tr ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... looped architecture and normal dorsal positioning of anterior MTs; when either the tip cell is not specified or AMs are laser ablated, the anterior MTs are misshapen and extend too far into the anterior of the embryo. Since AMs are missing or severely malformed in org-1 mutant embryos (Schaub et al. ...
... looped architecture and normal dorsal positioning of anterior MTs; when either the tip cell is not specified or AMs are laser ablated, the anterior MTs are misshapen and extend too far into the anterior of the embryo. Since AMs are missing or severely malformed in org-1 mutant embryos (Schaub et al. ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... throughout Drosophila development (Cadigan and Nusse 1997). The current model for Wg signaling proposes that in the absence of Wg signal, Zeste-white3 (Zw3, also known as Shaggy), a serine/threonine kinase homologous to GSK3, phosphorylates Armadillo (Arm, a homolog of b-catenin), destabilizing the ...
... throughout Drosophila development (Cadigan and Nusse 1997). The current model for Wg signaling proposes that in the absence of Wg signal, Zeste-white3 (Zw3, also known as Shaggy), a serine/threonine kinase homologous to GSK3, phosphorylates Armadillo (Arm, a homolog of b-catenin), destabilizing the ...
Slide 1
... Mutant B-catenin translocated into nucleus (w/out need of TGF-B1) Mutant B-catenin induced profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
... Mutant B-catenin translocated into nucleus (w/out need of TGF-B1) Mutant B-catenin induced profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
A. Work Accomplished by You and/or Others Cellular biology of
... and higher eukaryotes. A number of these proteins play dependency on the chaperone for both stability and roles in human cancer. activity even under non-stress conditions, and consequently high levels of Hsp90 are found in all eukaryotic cells. A hallmark of Hsp90-client protein interactions is that ...
... and higher eukaryotes. A number of these proteins play dependency on the chaperone for both stability and roles in human cancer. activity even under non-stress conditions, and consequently high levels of Hsp90 are found in all eukaryotic cells. A hallmark of Hsp90-client protein interactions is that ...
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Microtubule
... changing global economic situation and environmental concerns have imparted necessity for renewable, but at the same time value added cellulosic materials. The Department of Wood Biotechnology, KTH together with its collaborators, have established EST libraries and performed transcript profiling dur ...
... changing global economic situation and environmental concerns have imparted necessity for renewable, but at the same time value added cellulosic materials. The Department of Wood Biotechnology, KTH together with its collaborators, have established EST libraries and performed transcript profiling dur ...
Graded maternal short gastrulation protein contributes to embryonic
... Fig. 1. Sog is secreted into the perivitelline space. Sog protein in whole mounts (A–C) and frozen sections (D–I) of egg chambers, using the 8B (A, B, D–I) or 8A (C) antiserum. Sog is observed inside follicle cells from stages 8 to 10 and between follicle cells and oocyte beginning at stage 10 (A, a ...
... Fig. 1. Sog is secreted into the perivitelline space. Sog protein in whole mounts (A–C) and frozen sections (D–I) of egg chambers, using the 8B (A, B, D–I) or 8A (C) antiserum. Sog is observed inside follicle cells from stages 8 to 10 and between follicle cells and oocyte beginning at stage 10 (A, a ...
Determination of Binding Sites of Cadherin Peptides on the EC1
... paracellular pathways. Drug penetration through the transcellular pathway occurs via partition of the drug into the cell membranes; thus, the membrane partition is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the drug. In addition, the presence of efflux pumps (e.g., Pglycoprotein (Pgp)) prevent ...
... paracellular pathways. Drug penetration through the transcellular pathway occurs via partition of the drug into the cell membranes; thus, the membrane partition is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the drug. In addition, the presence of efflux pumps (e.g., Pglycoprotein (Pgp)) prevent ...
Robust mechanisms of ventral furrow invagination require the
... of RhoGEF2 and RhoA) are reasonably well understood, the other forces likely to be involved in furrow internalization are not. Importantly, it is not known which of the other changes in cell shape observed in wild-type ventral furrow formation ...
... of RhoGEF2 and RhoA) are reasonably well understood, the other forces likely to be involved in furrow internalization are not. Importantly, it is not known which of the other changes in cell shape observed in wild-type ventral furrow formation ...
Transport of Storage Proteins to Protein Storage Vacuoles Is
... the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are sorted and delivered to their respective vacuoles. Thus, different targeting machineries for each type of vacuole must be involved in the protein transport in these cells. Kirsch et al. (1994) demonstrated that the clathrin-coated vesicles contain a potentia ...
... the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are sorted and delivered to their respective vacuoles. Thus, different targeting machineries for each type of vacuole must be involved in the protein transport in these cells. Kirsch et al. (1994) demonstrated that the clathrin-coated vesicles contain a potentia ...
Low Catecholamine Concentrations Protect Adult Rat Ventricular
... peptides or growth factors, catecholamines might thus either activate or protect against programmed cell death. Other hormones, growth factors, or cytokines that are involved in the onset of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy can either have beneficial effects on cardiac myocyte survival or promote their a ...
... peptides or growth factors, catecholamines might thus either activate or protect against programmed cell death. Other hormones, growth factors, or cytokines that are involved in the onset of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy can either have beneficial effects on cardiac myocyte survival or promote their a ...
Transcription • Transcription factors • Chromatin • RNA polymerase II
... [16]. Phosphorylation of serine residue in position 5 (Ser5), by the CDK7 subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH, just after initiation, helps to recruit and activate enzymes that add a methylguanosine cap (filled black circle) to the 50 end of the emerging transcript [10]. Because glycos ...
... [16]. Phosphorylation of serine residue in position 5 (Ser5), by the CDK7 subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH, just after initiation, helps to recruit and activate enzymes that add a methylguanosine cap (filled black circle) to the 50 end of the emerging transcript [10]. Because glycos ...
The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy
... undergo nuclear translocation. The production of these homodimers comes from the partial processing of their cytoplasmic precursor molecules, p105 (p50) and p100 (p52). The NF-B transcription factor complex has been implicated in muscle atrophy attributable to both disuse and cachexia, but the spec ...
... undergo nuclear translocation. The production of these homodimers comes from the partial processing of their cytoplasmic precursor molecules, p105 (p50) and p100 (p52). The NF-B transcription factor complex has been implicated in muscle atrophy attributable to both disuse and cachexia, but the spec ...
scf and cullin/ring h2-based
... analysis of the G1/S transition by Schwob et al (1994). These authors demonstrated that budding yeast cdc4ts, cdc34ts, and cdc53ts mutants fail to enter S phase because they are unable to eliminate the S phase cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Sic1. Sic1 is normally destroyed as wild-ty ...
... analysis of the G1/S transition by Schwob et al (1994). These authors demonstrated that budding yeast cdc4ts, cdc34ts, and cdc53ts mutants fail to enter S phase because they are unable to eliminate the S phase cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Sic1. Sic1 is normally destroyed as wild-ty ...
Selective kinase inhibitors as tools for neuroscience research
... concentrations significantly higher than this is much more likely to result in an off target activity. It is important to consider however that more than one kinase can act upon the same substrate site at once e for instance the transcription factor CREB is phosphorylated at serine 133 by both PKA an ...
... concentrations significantly higher than this is much more likely to result in an off target activity. It is important to consider however that more than one kinase can act upon the same substrate site at once e for instance the transcription factor CREB is phosphorylated at serine 133 by both PKA an ...
biochemical, biophysical and electrophysiological characterisation
... The present study is focused on the production, biochemical and biophysical characterisation as well as crystallisation of the voltage-gated sodium channel from Maricaulis maris MCS10 (NaChMM). Thus, an optimised protocol for the production of milligram quantities (6 mg/L) of highly pure recombinant ...
... The present study is focused on the production, biochemical and biophysical characterisation as well as crystallisation of the voltage-gated sodium channel from Maricaulis maris MCS10 (NaChMM). Thus, an optimised protocol for the production of milligram quantities (6 mg/L) of highly pure recombinant ...
Auxins in defense strategies
... acid and ethylene are not only important signaling molecules, but also play a critical role in the regulation of plant immune responses in many cases. Furthermore, other plant hormones (also known as phytohormones), such as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids, primar ...
... acid and ethylene are not only important signaling molecules, but also play a critical role in the regulation of plant immune responses in many cases. Furthermore, other plant hormones (also known as phytohormones), such as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids, primar ...
Spt4 modulates Rad26 requirement in transcription
... pro®le within the RPB2 and URA3 genes revealed, in addition to intergenic variations, a distinct region of Rad26-independent TCR, localized in a small region directly downstream of the transcription start site (Tijsterman et al., 1997). This region of Rad26-independent TCR ranges from +1 to about +4 ...
... pro®le within the RPB2 and URA3 genes revealed, in addition to intergenic variations, a distinct region of Rad26-independent TCR, localized in a small region directly downstream of the transcription start site (Tijsterman et al., 1997). This region of Rad26-independent TCR ranges from +1 to about +4 ...
The engrailed Locus of D. melanogaster Provides an Essential
... posterior compartments. Mutant phenotypes and expression of the gene have not been observed in anterior compartment cells. This discontinuous expression forms a zebra-like pattern of expressing and nonexpressing cells in embryos (Kornberg et al., 1985), and points to a role for engrailed as a molecu ...
... posterior compartments. Mutant phenotypes and expression of the gene have not been observed in anterior compartment cells. This discontinuous expression forms a zebra-like pattern of expressing and nonexpressing cells in embryos (Kornberg et al., 1985), and points to a role for engrailed as a molecu ...
In the prevailing view Conducitn is usually considered to act as a
... visible as puncta (see scheme). Conductin alone shows a diffuse staining pattern (cf. Fig. 1C), and colocalised with Dvl2 in puncta, albeit with a lower efficiency than axin as indicated by its remaining partially diffuse staining pattern (Fig. 3C). ConductinM3 remained diffuse in the presence of Dv ...
... visible as puncta (see scheme). Conductin alone shows a diffuse staining pattern (cf. Fig. 1C), and colocalised with Dvl2 in puncta, albeit with a lower efficiency than axin as indicated by its remaining partially diffuse staining pattern (Fig. 3C). ConductinM3 remained diffuse in the presence of Dv ...
abscisic acid signal transduction
... are known in a variety of plant species (39, 146). The characterization of these mutants, together with physicochemical studies, has enabled the pathway of ABA biosynthesis to be elucidated in higher plants (134, 135, 146, 166). Two ABA biosynthetic genes have been recently cloned (88, 135) and shou ...
... are known in a variety of plant species (39, 146). The characterization of these mutants, together with physicochemical studies, has enabled the pathway of ABA biosynthesis to be elucidated in higher plants (134, 135, 146, 166). Two ABA biosynthetic genes have been recently cloned (88, 135) and shou ...
Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of
... phenotypes, it should not be surprising that NPH3 physically interacts with phot1 (Motchoulski and Liscum, 1999). This interaction occurs between the N-terminal LOV domain–containing portion of phot1 and the C-terminal coiled-coil region of NPH3 (Motchoulski and Liscum, 1999; Inada et al., 2004). Pe ...
... phenotypes, it should not be surprising that NPH3 physically interacts with phot1 (Motchoulski and Liscum, 1999). This interaction occurs between the N-terminal LOV domain–containing portion of phot1 and the C-terminal coiled-coil region of NPH3 (Motchoulski and Liscum, 1999; Inada et al., 2004). Pe ...
Cardosin A Molecular Determinants and Biosynthetic Pathways
... and accumulates in the vacuole. Furthermore, an Arabidopsis thaliana line expressing cardosin A under an inducible promoter was explored to understand cardosin A dynamics in terms of vacuolar accumulation during seed germination events. Similarly to the Nicotiana tabacum one, this system was also va ...
... and accumulates in the vacuole. Furthermore, an Arabidopsis thaliana line expressing cardosin A under an inducible promoter was explored to understand cardosin A dynamics in terms of vacuolar accumulation during seed germination events. Similarly to the Nicotiana tabacum one, this system was also va ...
Blood Vessel Patterning at the Embryonic Midline
... antibody (CoYn and Poole, 1988; Pardanaud et al., 1987). These studies in aggregate led to a model of blood vessel patterning in which an early primitive vascular plexus is first formed by either vasculogenesis or angiogenesis at the site of a future vessel or vessel bed, and it is then extensively ...
... antibody (CoYn and Poole, 1988; Pardanaud et al., 1987). These studies in aggregate led to a model of blood vessel patterning in which an early primitive vascular plexus is first formed by either vasculogenesis or angiogenesis at the site of a future vessel or vessel bed, and it is then extensively ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.