Mechanical stimuli of skeletal muscle: implications on mTOR/p70s6k
... may help to explain the way this element is diVerently regulated. Nonetheless, as stated by Tidball (2005) in a recent review article tackling the theme, “The general picture that is emerging from these investigations is that there are multiple processes through which muscle adaptation loading can o ...
... may help to explain the way this element is diVerently regulated. Nonetheless, as stated by Tidball (2005) in a recent review article tackling the theme, “The general picture that is emerging from these investigations is that there are multiple processes through which muscle adaptation loading can o ...
Calcium Signaling. Cell 131: 1047
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
Review
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
Pax proteins and eye development Rachel Macdonald 1 and
... by signals emanating from midline forebrain tissue It has recently been shown that two members of the Hedgehog (HH) family of secreted signalling proteins, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Tiggywinkle hedgehog (TWHH), promote the expression of pax-2 and inhibit the expression of pax-6 within the optic vesic ...
... by signals emanating from midline forebrain tissue It has recently been shown that two members of the Hedgehog (HH) family of secreted signalling proteins, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Tiggywinkle hedgehog (TWHH), promote the expression of pax-2 and inhibit the expression of pax-6 within the optic vesic ...
Nicotinamidase modulation of NAD biosynthesis and nicotinamide
... Nicotinamidase modulation of NAD+ biosynthesis and nicotinamide levels separately affect reproductive development and cell survival in C. elegans Tracy L. Vrablik*, Li Huang*,†, Stephanie E. Lange and Wendy Hanna-Rose‡ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central molecule in cellular metabo ...
... Nicotinamidase modulation of NAD+ biosynthesis and nicotinamide levels separately affect reproductive development and cell survival in C. elegans Tracy L. Vrablik*, Li Huang*,†, Stephanie E. Lange and Wendy Hanna-Rose‡ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central molecule in cellular metabo ...
Expression of biologically active mouse ciliary neutrophic factor
... and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sCNTFRa) [42]. The binding of CNTF to membrane bound or soluble forms of CNTFRa leads to the recruitment and activation of two signal transducing receptor subunits, LIFRb ...
... and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sCNTFRa) [42]. The binding of CNTF to membrane bound or soluble forms of CNTFRa leads to the recruitment and activation of two signal transducing receptor subunits, LIFRb ...
Processing of 20S prerRNA to 18S ribosomal RNA in yeast requires
... of 25S and 5.8S found in the large ribosomal subunit of 60S, and to the 18S rRNA found in the small ribosomal subunit of 40S. Concomitantly with the maturation process, numerous ribosomal and non-ribosomal proteins associate with the pre-rRNA intermediates to generate the pre-60S and 43S pre-ribosom ...
... of 25S and 5.8S found in the large ribosomal subunit of 60S, and to the 18S rRNA found in the small ribosomal subunit of 40S. Concomitantly with the maturation process, numerous ribosomal and non-ribosomal proteins associate with the pre-rRNA intermediates to generate the pre-60S and 43S pre-ribosom ...
Current Status and Future Prospectives of C1 Domain Ligands as
... reorganization [23] – a process that is also regulated by PKCs, DGKs and the chimaerins [24]. Thus, PKC is not the only potential drug target among C1 domain-containing proteins. At present, the disease models (both in vitro and in vivo) in which the effects of C1 domain ligands have been characteri ...
... reorganization [23] – a process that is also regulated by PKCs, DGKs and the chimaerins [24]. Thus, PKC is not the only potential drug target among C1 domain-containing proteins. At present, the disease models (both in vitro and in vivo) in which the effects of C1 domain ligands have been characteri ...
Direct binding of Nur77/NAK-1 to the plasminogen activator inhibitor
... is known to express significant levels of Nur77 only after stimulation,41 and indeed nuclear extracts of PMA- and ionomycinstimulated JURKAT cells exhibited specific binding to the PAI-1 oligonucleotide (P, Figure 2A, lane 7), which was also supershifted by the anti-Nur77 antibody (Figure 2A, lane 8 ...
... is known to express significant levels of Nur77 only after stimulation,41 and indeed nuclear extracts of PMA- and ionomycinstimulated JURKAT cells exhibited specific binding to the PAI-1 oligonucleotide (P, Figure 2A, lane 7), which was also supershifted by the anti-Nur77 antibody (Figure 2A, lane 8 ...
Transcriptional Paradigms in Mammalian Mitochondrial Biogenesis
... pattern typical of nuclear gene defects (199, 205). These can affect respiratory protein subunits, assembly factors, and gene products required for mtDNA maintenance and stability. In addition to single gene defects, dispersed lesions in mtDNA that accumulate over time may play a role in human patho ...
... pattern typical of nuclear gene defects (199, 205). These can affect respiratory protein subunits, assembly factors, and gene products required for mtDNA maintenance and stability. In addition to single gene defects, dispersed lesions in mtDNA that accumulate over time may play a role in human patho ...
Print
... pattern typical of nuclear gene defects (199, 205). These can affect respiratory protein subunits, assembly factors, and gene products required for mtDNA maintenance and stability. In addition to single gene defects, dispersed lesions in mtDNA that accumulate over time may play a role in human patho ...
... pattern typical of nuclear gene defects (199, 205). These can affect respiratory protein subunits, assembly factors, and gene products required for mtDNA maintenance and stability. In addition to single gene defects, dispersed lesions in mtDNA that accumulate over time may play a role in human patho ...
PDF - Potter Lab
... clones in the eye and wing discs and found that mosaic discs were two to three times larger than wild-type controls (Figures 2A and 2B, data not shown). Phalloidin staining revealed that the Tsc1 mutant cells anterior and posterior to the morphogenetic furrow of the third instar eye disc were alread ...
... clones in the eye and wing discs and found that mosaic discs were two to three times larger than wild-type controls (Figures 2A and 2B, data not shown). Phalloidin staining revealed that the Tsc1 mutant cells anterior and posterior to the morphogenetic furrow of the third instar eye disc were alread ...
Evidence That Ternary Complex (eIF2-GTP-tRNAi
... ribosomal protein L37 (Figure 1E), or ribosomal protein Po (Figure 1F). As found previously, arsenite treatment causes most of the cytoplasmic TIA-1 and TIAR to accumulate at SGs in these cells (Figure 1, A, B, D–F; top, green). In paired views of the same fields, antibodies specific for small ribos ...
... ribosomal protein L37 (Figure 1E), or ribosomal protein Po (Figure 1F). As found previously, arsenite treatment causes most of the cytoplasmic TIA-1 and TIAR to accumulate at SGs in these cells (Figure 1, A, B, D–F; top, green). In paired views of the same fields, antibodies specific for small ribos ...
PDF
... cooperation of several different signaling pathways (de Celis et al., 1996; Sotillos and De Celis, 2005), the development of CVs relies almost entirely on BMP signaling, and has thus served as a sensitive readout for functional assays of proteins that modulate pathway activity. dpp mRNA is expressed ...
... cooperation of several different signaling pathways (de Celis et al., 1996; Sotillos and De Celis, 2005), the development of CVs relies almost entirely on BMP signaling, and has thus served as a sensitive readout for functional assays of proteins that modulate pathway activity. dpp mRNA is expressed ...
Membrane immersion allows rhomboid proteases to achieve
... In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that rhomboid proteolysis is notably site-specific, in contrast to o ...
... In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that rhomboid proteolysis is notably site-specific, in contrast to o ...
Simvastatin Reduces MMP1 Expression in Human Smooth Muscle
... mRNA levels blocked by simvastatin, and that the protein geranylgeranyl transferase-I inhibitor GGTI-286 significantly inhibits MMP1 secretion. We therefore hypothesized that one or more geranylgeranylated protein(s) may be involved in this process. Among several prenylated proteins, the Rho family ...
... mRNA levels blocked by simvastatin, and that the protein geranylgeranyl transferase-I inhibitor GGTI-286 significantly inhibits MMP1 secretion. We therefore hypothesized that one or more geranylgeranylated protein(s) may be involved in this process. Among several prenylated proteins, the Rho family ...
Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Lecture
... Rodbell, Birnbaumer, and their colleagues made the surprising discovery that one regulatory ligand (the receptor agonist) was not sufficient to activate adenylyl cyclase. A hormone could not activate the enzyme unless guanosine triphosphate (GTP) was also present {8}. This crucial observation had be ...
... Rodbell, Birnbaumer, and their colleagues made the surprising discovery that one regulatory ligand (the receptor agonist) was not sufficient to activate adenylyl cyclase. A hormone could not activate the enzyme unless guanosine triphosphate (GTP) was also present {8}. This crucial observation had be ...
The identification of transcription factors expressed in the notochord
... relationship between each Ciona Lmx and its vertebrate counterparts. After a thorough search, we concluded that most metazoan genomes contain only a single Lmx gene, with the notable exceptions of vertebrates, ascidians, the annelid Capitella teleta and the insect Tribolium castaneum, in which two L ...
... relationship between each Ciona Lmx and its vertebrate counterparts. After a thorough search, we concluded that most metazoan genomes contain only a single Lmx gene, with the notable exceptions of vertebrates, ascidians, the annelid Capitella teleta and the insect Tribolium castaneum, in which two L ...
β-catenin controls differentiation of the retinal pigment epithelium in
... the choroid. The RPE is vital for growth and function of the vertebrate eye and improper development results in congenital defects, such as microphthalmia or anophthalmia, or a change of cell fate into neural retina called transdifferentiation. The transcription factors microphthalmia-associated tra ...
... the choroid. The RPE is vital for growth and function of the vertebrate eye and improper development results in congenital defects, such as microphthalmia or anophthalmia, or a change of cell fate into neural retina called transdifferentiation. The transcription factors microphthalmia-associated tra ...
Par3/Baz levels control epithelial folding at actomyosin
... reporters for Myosin II, MHC-GFP and MRLC-GFP, are enriched at PSBs at stage 10 (Monier et al., 2010). By quantifying the enrichment along the PSBs relative to control columns of DV-oriented junctions, we now find that Myosin II is not only enriched but also activated: the monophosphorylated form of ...
... reporters for Myosin II, MHC-GFP and MRLC-GFP, are enriched at PSBs at stage 10 (Monier et al., 2010). By quantifying the enrichment along the PSBs relative to control columns of DV-oriented junctions, we now find that Myosin II is not only enriched but also activated: the monophosphorylated form of ...
PDF
... understanding of the processes that control the development of the peripheral taste system is lacking. Several early regulators of taste development have been identified, including sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein 4 and multiple members of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the ...
... understanding of the processes that control the development of the peripheral taste system is lacking. Several early regulators of taste development have been identified, including sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein 4 and multiple members of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the ...
Vitronectin is expressed in the ventral region of the neural tube and
... also inhibited the appearance of motor neurons to a large extent (Fig. 4I). The addition of identical amounts of rabbit preimmune immunoglobulins to the cultures did not affect the generation of motor neurons, neither did the addition of fibronectin to neural tube explants result in the appearance o ...
... also inhibited the appearance of motor neurons to a large extent (Fig. 4I). The addition of identical amounts of rabbit preimmune immunoglobulins to the cultures did not affect the generation of motor neurons, neither did the addition of fibronectin to neural tube explants result in the appearance o ...
Ornithodoros savignyi CHAPTER 2 SIGNALING PATHWAYS REGULATING PROTEIN SECRETION FROM
... As mentioned before, it has been demonstrated in ixodid ticks that the dopamine D1-receptor activates adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity (Schmidt et al. 1981). This activation is most likely through the dopamine surface receptor linked via heterotrimeric (αβγ) stimulatory (Gs) guanine nucleotide-depende ...
... As mentioned before, it has been demonstrated in ixodid ticks that the dopamine D1-receptor activates adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity (Schmidt et al. 1981). This activation is most likely through the dopamine surface receptor linked via heterotrimeric (αβγ) stimulatory (Gs) guanine nucleotide-depende ...
Screening for increased protein thiol oxidation in oxidatively
... During physiological homeostasis, an overall oxidative balance is maintained in tissues by utilizing a variety of antioxidant systems to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from a variety of sources. Disruption of this oxidative balance, often referred to as oxidative stress, is evident i ...
... During physiological homeostasis, an overall oxidative balance is maintained in tissues by utilizing a variety of antioxidant systems to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from a variety of sources. Disruption of this oxidative balance, often referred to as oxidative stress, is evident i ...
INTEINS: Structure, Function, and Evolution
... given in parentheses after the organism’s name. If no number is given in parentheses, then the number reflects that given in InBase for this organism (68). The hits in the individual genomes were carefully examined for the presence or absence of inteins. Many of the hits were homing endonucleases of ...
... given in parentheses after the organism’s name. If no number is given in parentheses, then the number reflects that given in InBase for this organism (68). The hits in the individual genomes were carefully examined for the presence or absence of inteins. Many of the hits were homing endonucleases of ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.