Mutational Analysis of Synaptobrevin Transmembrane Domain
... Previous studies of synaptobrevin dimerization relied on recombinant protein purified after overexpression in E. coli. As expression and purification of membrane proteins can often result in aggregated or improperly folded material, we sought to investigate dimerization in vivo. To accomplish this w ...
... Previous studies of synaptobrevin dimerization relied on recombinant protein purified after overexpression in E. coli. As expression and purification of membrane proteins can often result in aggregated or improperly folded material, we sought to investigate dimerization in vivo. To accomplish this w ...
Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... 1993). The pocket region is also the binding site for other cellular factors lacking the LXCXE motif, such as E2F transcription factors (Stiegler and Giordano, 2001). Mutations in these pocket residues render pRb inactive or heavily impaired in controlling the cell cycle. The function to arrest the ...
... 1993). The pocket region is also the binding site for other cellular factors lacking the LXCXE motif, such as E2F transcription factors (Stiegler and Giordano, 2001). Mutations in these pocket residues render pRb inactive or heavily impaired in controlling the cell cycle. The function to arrest the ...
Transforming growth factor-β and myostatin signaling in skeletal
... myostatin began in vivo through gene targeting experiments in mice. These two different starting points led to different insights into the role of these interrelated pathways. TGF-1 is the archetypal cytokine of this superfamily and much of the understanding of the components of the TGF- signaling ...
... myostatin began in vivo through gene targeting experiments in mice. These two different starting points led to different insights into the role of these interrelated pathways. TGF-1 is the archetypal cytokine of this superfamily and much of the understanding of the components of the TGF- signaling ...
Helen D. Kollias and John C. McDermott
... myostatin began in vivo through gene targeting experiments in mice. These two different starting points led to different insights into the role of these interrelated pathways. TGF-1 is the archetypal cytokine of this superfamily and much of the understanding of the components of the TGF- signaling ...
... myostatin began in vivo through gene targeting experiments in mice. These two different starting points led to different insights into the role of these interrelated pathways. TGF-1 is the archetypal cytokine of this superfamily and much of the understanding of the components of the TGF- signaling ...
Space to grow: interplay between growth and patterning in plant
... Arabidopsis thaliana showing zones (highlighted red and whose names are written next to them) where auxin accumulation provides positional information for organ patterning. High auxin concentrations induce lateral organ (leaves or flowers) initiation from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and axillary ...
... Arabidopsis thaliana showing zones (highlighted red and whose names are written next to them) where auxin accumulation provides positional information for organ patterning. High auxin concentrations induce lateral organ (leaves or flowers) initiation from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and axillary ...
Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor
... However, how proteins are targeted to mitochondria by TAs is not understood (Lee et ...
... However, how proteins are targeted to mitochondria by TAs is not understood (Lee et ...
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
... which have intrinsic acetyl transferase activities and induce acetylation of histones and certain other proteins. Smads also bind to transcriptional co-repressors, including Ski and SnoN, and recruit histone deacetylases, resulting in deacetylation of histones and repression of transcription. Thus, ...
... which have intrinsic acetyl transferase activities and induce acetylation of histones and certain other proteins. Smads also bind to transcriptional co-repressors, including Ski and SnoN, and recruit histone deacetylases, resulting in deacetylation of histones and repression of transcription. Thus, ...
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling
... Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system constitute the major degradative processes in the cell. While increasing evidence suggests that there is significant crosstalk between autophagy and the ubiquitin systems, we would like to highlight two important distinctions. First, autophagy generates ...
... Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system constitute the major degradative processes in the cell. While increasing evidence suggests that there is significant crosstalk between autophagy and the ubiquitin systems, we would like to highlight two important distinctions. First, autophagy generates ...
PKC modulates NF-B and AP-1 via mitogen
... the p54/p46 c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), are important upstream regulators for the induction of various transcription factors (12, 37, 44). The role of each MAPK subfamily in the activation of transcription factors appears to be cell-type specific. In noncardiac cells, it has been shown that p ...
... the p54/p46 c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), are important upstream regulators for the induction of various transcription factors (12, 37, 44). The role of each MAPK subfamily in the activation of transcription factors appears to be cell-type specific. In noncardiac cells, it has been shown that p ...
The symbiotic ion channel homolog DMI1 is localized in the nuclear
... et al., 2005). The overlap of the two pathways suggests that rhizobia may have co-opted part of the signaling pathway from the more ancient AM symbioses to evolve the younger nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in legumes. Many of these common symbiotic genes have recently been cloned and phylogenetic analyse ...
... et al., 2005). The overlap of the two pathways suggests that rhizobia may have co-opted part of the signaling pathway from the more ancient AM symbioses to evolve the younger nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in legumes. Many of these common symbiotic genes have recently been cloned and phylogenetic analyse ...
FGF signalling: diverse roles during early vertebrate embryogenesis
... although cell culture experiments have shown that Sprouty4 can prevent PKC phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)bisphosphate (PIP2) breakdown downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signalling (see Glossary, Box 1) (Ayada et al., 2009). Whether the same mechanism applie ...
... although cell culture experiments have shown that Sprouty4 can prevent PKC phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)bisphosphate (PIP2) breakdown downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signalling (see Glossary, Box 1) (Ayada et al., 2009). Whether the same mechanism applie ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Synapses by Retrograde
... regulate the strength of the synapses they receive. Diverse chemical messengers have been implicated in retrograde signaling from postsynaptic neurons to presynaptic boutons. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling systems that lead to rapid changes in synaptic strength. We consider the capabi ...
... regulate the strength of the synapses they receive. Diverse chemical messengers have been implicated in retrograde signaling from postsynaptic neurons to presynaptic boutons. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling systems that lead to rapid changes in synaptic strength. We consider the capabi ...
Involvement of auxin in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato
... Several miRNAs interact with auxin signaling and among them miR393 that targets auxin receptors. We investigated the role of miR393 in AM root colonization. In Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae), Medicago truncatula (Fabaceae) and Oryza sativa (Poaceae), expression of the precursors of the miR393 was ...
... Several miRNAs interact with auxin signaling and among them miR393 that targets auxin receptors. We investigated the role of miR393 in AM root colonization. In Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae), Medicago truncatula (Fabaceae) and Oryza sativa (Poaceae), expression of the precursors of the miR393 was ...
Cardiomyocyte Lineage Specification in€Adult Human Cardiac
... (A) Expression of early (GATA4, MEF2C, NKX2.5) and late cardiac markers (MYH6, MYH7, TNNI, CX43) in the human adult heart and in isolated cardiac precursor cells (CPCs). (B) Flow cytometry analysis of CD31, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD117, CXCR4, CD140a, CD146, and NG2 expression in adult CPCs. ...
... (A) Expression of early (GATA4, MEF2C, NKX2.5) and late cardiac markers (MYH6, MYH7, TNNI, CX43) in the human adult heart and in isolated cardiac precursor cells (CPCs). (B) Flow cytometry analysis of CD31, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD117, CXCR4, CD140a, CD146, and NG2 expression in adult CPCs. ...
The LIR motif – crucial for selective autophagy
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
PLEKHM1/DEF8/RAB7 complex regulates lysosome positioning and
... Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are capable of resorbing calcified cartilage and bone matrix during skeletal development, homeostasis, and repair (1). Increased osteoclast number or activity leads to bone loss in metabolic bone diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis (2). Conversely, ...
... Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are capable of resorbing calcified cartilage and bone matrix during skeletal development, homeostasis, and repair (1). Increased osteoclast number or activity leads to bone loss in metabolic bone diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis (2). Conversely, ...
Dopamine Receptor Signaling
... least two distinct potential mechanisms for D1-like receptor activation of phospholipase C. Bergson and colleagues demonstrated that heterologously expressed D1 and D5 dopamine receptors, when co-expressed with calcyon, stimulate the release of calcium from intracellular stores following priming of ...
... least two distinct potential mechanisms for D1-like receptor activation of phospholipase C. Bergson and colleagues demonstrated that heterologously expressed D1 and D5 dopamine receptors, when co-expressed with calcyon, stimulate the release of calcium from intracellular stores following priming of ...
PDF
... hindbrain anteroposterior (AP) identity involves a transient segmentation, which leads to the formation of seven to eight metameres called rhombomeres (r) (Lumsden, 1990; Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996). These territories constitute compartments and developmental units for neuronal differentiation, bran ...
... hindbrain anteroposterior (AP) identity involves a transient segmentation, which leads to the formation of seven to eight metameres called rhombomeres (r) (Lumsden, 1990; Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996). These territories constitute compartments and developmental units for neuronal differentiation, bran ...
Naturally Occurring Ligand Isoforms Receptor Binding and Function
... bovine flt3 ligand isoform 1 constructs truncated at specific residues outside the 18 aa sequence. Overall, the flt3 ligand structure required for function is markedly similar to that of the related hemopoietic growth factors, CSF-1 and steel factor. This definition of the required flt3 ligand struc ...
... bovine flt3 ligand isoform 1 constructs truncated at specific residues outside the 18 aa sequence. Overall, the flt3 ligand structure required for function is markedly similar to that of the related hemopoietic growth factors, CSF-1 and steel factor. This definition of the required flt3 ligand struc ...
PDF
... In contrast to the intracellular picture, there is no well-established biological model describing the mechanism by which neighbouring cells coordinate and co-regulate spatiotemporal oscillations across the PSM. This point is particularly significant as, although recent theoretical and experimental ...
... In contrast to the intracellular picture, there is no well-established biological model describing the mechanism by which neighbouring cells coordinate and co-regulate spatiotemporal oscillations across the PSM. This point is particularly significant as, although recent theoretical and experimental ...
as a PDF - CiteSeerX
... Adapter proteins such as the Crk family, Grb2, Shc, and Nck are known to link surface receptors that do not possess inherent kinase activity to intracellular signaling cascades. These adapters can enable receptors such as integrins to directly or indirectly interact with tyrosine or serine/threonine ...
... Adapter proteins such as the Crk family, Grb2, Shc, and Nck are known to link surface receptors that do not possess inherent kinase activity to intracellular signaling cascades. These adapters can enable receptors such as integrins to directly or indirectly interact with tyrosine or serine/threonine ...
A systematic screen for genes expressed in definitive endoderm by
... into a tube that runs along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo [1-3]. The DE gives rise to the major cell types of many internal organs, including the thyroid, thymus, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestine and bladder. Most of these organs have secretory and/or absorptive functions and pl ...
... into a tube that runs along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo [1-3]. The DE gives rise to the major cell types of many internal organs, including the thyroid, thymus, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestine and bladder. Most of these organs have secretory and/or absorptive functions and pl ...
Nab controls the activity of the zinc-finger
... In zebrafish, egr2 controls expression of the Nab gene homologs in the r3 and r5 rhombomeres of the developing hindbrain (MechtaGrigoriou et al., 2000). Egr2 has been implicated in determining the segmental identities of r3 and r5 by controlling the expression of several target genes as well as cell ...
... In zebrafish, egr2 controls expression of the Nab gene homologs in the r3 and r5 rhombomeres of the developing hindbrain (MechtaGrigoriou et al., 2000). Egr2 has been implicated in determining the segmental identities of r3 and r5 by controlling the expression of several target genes as well as cell ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.