The serine protease Corin is a novel modifier of the agouti pathway
... Corin protein is expressed on the surface of DP cells Antisera were generated to evaluate Corin protein distribution in the skin. A schematic representation of the inferred protein structure is shown in Fig. 2A. In addition to the C-terminal protease domain, this type II transmembrane protein has tw ...
... Corin protein is expressed on the surface of DP cells Antisera were generated to evaluate Corin protein distribution in the skin. A schematic representation of the inferred protein structure is shown in Fig. 2A. In addition to the C-terminal protease domain, this type II transmembrane protein has tw ...
TATA BINDING PROTEIN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ... TRANSCRIPTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE B-TFIID ACTIVITY
... required in addition to RNApol I to reconstitute accurate and promoter specific pol I transcription (Learned et al., 1985; Learned et al., 1986; Bell et al., 1988). UBFis a DNAbinding protein that interacts with both the UCEand the core region of the rRNApromoter. UBFis the only sequence specific DN ...
... required in addition to RNApol I to reconstitute accurate and promoter specific pol I transcription (Learned et al., 1985; Learned et al., 1986; Bell et al., 1988). UBFis a DNAbinding protein that interacts with both the UCEand the core region of the rRNApromoter. UBFis the only sequence specific DN ...
Characterization of the Nucleolar Gene Product, Treacle, in Treacher Collins Syndrome
... In this study, we used two different antibodies directed against the N- and C-terminal domains of human treacle flanking its Nopp140-related repeat domain. The first antiserum was raised against the N-terminal 55 amino acids of recombinant treacle (Marsh et al., 1998) and shall be referred to as ant ...
... In this study, we used two different antibodies directed against the N- and C-terminal domains of human treacle flanking its Nopp140-related repeat domain. The first antiserum was raised against the N-terminal 55 amino acids of recombinant treacle (Marsh et al., 1998) and shall be referred to as ant ...
Surge and destroy: the role of auxin in plant embryogenesis
... embryogenesis?’ Around that time, researchers were finding that molecules involved in early embryonic development bore similarities to molecules involved in auxin signal transduction. These were the first hints of a molecular mechanism for auxin action in embryonic development. Five years later, the ...
... embryogenesis?’ Around that time, researchers were finding that molecules involved in early embryonic development bore similarities to molecules involved in auxin signal transduction. These were the first hints of a molecular mechanism for auxin action in embryonic development. Five years later, the ...
Functional redundancy of mammalian Polycomb genes
... mammals are Mel18 and Bmi1. Mel18 and Bmi1 proteins show high structural resemblance in their N-terminal RING finger and helix-turn-helix (HTH) domains (van Lohuizen et al., 1991b). Both Mel18 and Bmi1 function as transcriptional repressors and are able to bind to the same set of mammalian PcG prote ...
... mammals are Mel18 and Bmi1. Mel18 and Bmi1 proteins show high structural resemblance in their N-terminal RING finger and helix-turn-helix (HTH) domains (van Lohuizen et al., 1991b). Both Mel18 and Bmi1 function as transcriptional repressors and are able to bind to the same set of mammalian PcG prote ...
Neurotransmitter signaling through heterotrimeric G
... G protein coupled receptors Neurotransmitters signal via two distinct classes of receptors, known within the neuroscience field as ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic receptors are neurotransmitter-gated ion channels, and most small-molecule neurotransmitters each have a number of such ...
... G protein coupled receptors Neurotransmitters signal via two distinct classes of receptors, known within the neuroscience field as ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic receptors are neurotransmitter-gated ion channels, and most small-molecule neurotransmitters each have a number of such ...
Role of adaptor protein Toll-Like Interleukin domain containing
... Activation of cytokines, nuclear receptors (NRs) and cell-signaling pathways by polyI:C We have previously shown that activation of TLR2 and TLR4 leads to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα (Ghose et al., 2008; 2009). JNK and NF-κB are known to be critical components of ...
... Activation of cytokines, nuclear receptors (NRs) and cell-signaling pathways by polyI:C We have previously shown that activation of TLR2 and TLR4 leads to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα (Ghose et al., 2008; 2009). JNK and NF-κB are known to be critical components of ...
C-terminal processing of yeast Spt7 occurs in the absence of
... TFIID [18,19]. Spt7, Ada1 and Spt20, members of the TBP-subclass of Spt (Suppressors of Ty insertions) [2,2022] proteins, are located near the core of the complex and are required for its integrity, forming an interface between TAFs and other SAGA-specific components [19]. The additional Spt protein ...
... TFIID [18,19]. Spt7, Ada1 and Spt20, members of the TBP-subclass of Spt (Suppressors of Ty insertions) [2,2022] proteins, are located near the core of the complex and are required for its integrity, forming an interface between TAFs and other SAGA-specific components [19]. The additional Spt protein ...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and
... those found when reduced lysozyme is refolded from acid in the absence of these denaturants (data not shown). This observation excludes prevention of aggregation by low concentrations of denaturants as an explanation for the absence of crowding effects during refolding of oxidized lysozyme, and demo ...
... those found when reduced lysozyme is refolded from acid in the absence of these denaturants (data not shown). This observation excludes prevention of aggregation by low concentrations of denaturants as an explanation for the absence of crowding effects during refolding of oxidized lysozyme, and demo ...
Endoplasmic reticulum localization of the low density lipoprotein
... Mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) cause hypercholesterolemia because of inefficient LDL clearance from the circulation. In addition, there is a paradoxical oversecretion of the metabolic precursor of LDL, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). We recently demonstrated that ...
... Mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) cause hypercholesterolemia because of inefficient LDL clearance from the circulation. In addition, there is a paradoxical oversecretion of the metabolic precursor of LDL, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). We recently demonstrated that ...
Caroline Jeya Sheeba Daniel Sunder Singh
... ectodermal jacket that will give rise to skeletal elements and connective tissues, structured along the dorsal-ventral (DV), anterior-posterior (AP) and proximal-distal (PD) axes. The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) are limb signalling centres that drive the e ...
... ectodermal jacket that will give rise to skeletal elements and connective tissues, structured along the dorsal-ventral (DV), anterior-posterior (AP) and proximal-distal (PD) axes. The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) are limb signalling centres that drive the e ...
Characterization of the Visceral Endoderm Components in Early
... human desire to know one’s own origins. Within mammals, the mouse is the best model for understanding human development due to the following reasons: reproductive capacity, close taxonomic distance to man, relatively easy manipulation and ethical considerations compared to other mammalian models (Sl ...
... human desire to know one’s own origins. Within mammals, the mouse is the best model for understanding human development due to the following reasons: reproductive capacity, close taxonomic distance to man, relatively easy manipulation and ethical considerations compared to other mammalian models (Sl ...
Dominant-Negative Receptor Uncovers
... the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRI1 (Clark et al., 1997; Li and Chory, 1997; Jinn et al., 2000). The mutant phenotypes, expression patterns, and molecular identity of ERECTA as an LRR-RLK support the notion that ERECTA mediates yet to be identified cell-to-cell signaling pathways that coordinate ...
... the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRI1 (Clark et al., 1997; Li and Chory, 1997; Jinn et al., 2000). The mutant phenotypes, expression patterns, and molecular identity of ERECTA as an LRR-RLK support the notion that ERECTA mediates yet to be identified cell-to-cell signaling pathways that coordinate ...
DOMAIN-BASED APPROACHES TO
... this research. Then, the domain complexity of proteins was analysed on a comprehensive basis. Our results showed that bacterial and archaeal proteins are as complex as eukaryotic proteins in domain abundance, but more promiscuous. Proteins emerged in early stage are also more promiscuous, but with l ...
... this research. Then, the domain complexity of proteins was analysed on a comprehensive basis. Our results showed that bacterial and archaeal proteins are as complex as eukaryotic proteins in domain abundance, but more promiscuous. Proteins emerged in early stage are also more promiscuous, but with l ...
Molecular Interaction between COP1 and HY5
... domain, only marginally affected its interaction with COP1. Further deletion analysis of HY5 indicated that although the N-terminal 40 amino acids were essential for HY5 to interact with COP1, they were not sufficient for mediating COP1 interaction. To ensure that the different degrees of interactio ...
... domain, only marginally affected its interaction with COP1. Further deletion analysis of HY5 indicated that although the N-terminal 40 amino acids were essential for HY5 to interact with COP1, they were not sufficient for mediating COP1 interaction. To ensure that the different degrees of interactio ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces a rapid dephosphorylation
... Introduction Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein, which is highly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. Tau is enriched in axons, where it directly binds to, and stabilizes, microtubules, through four microtubule binding domains located at the C-terminus of the tau protein ...
... Introduction Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein, which is highly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. Tau is enriched in axons, where it directly binds to, and stabilizes, microtubules, through four microtubule binding domains located at the C-terminus of the tau protein ...
Evidence for chloroplast control of external Ca -induced
... various stimuli and play a crucial role in the generation of [Ca2+]cyt transients. CAS (Ca2+ sensing receptor) encodes a novel, plantspecific 42 kDa Ca2+-binding protein that contains a single predicted transmembrane domain (Han et al., 2003). The N-terminus has a low-affinity/high-capacity Ca2+ bin ...
... various stimuli and play a crucial role in the generation of [Ca2+]cyt transients. CAS (Ca2+ sensing receptor) encodes a novel, plantspecific 42 kDa Ca2+-binding protein that contains a single predicted transmembrane domain (Han et al., 2003). The N-terminus has a low-affinity/high-capacity Ca2+ bin ...
The TRAPP Complex: Insights into its Architecture and
... recombinant TRAPP I subcomplexes (see below) and the presence of the PDZL domain in TRAPPC4 are the two most unique features of the vertebrate complex when compared with yeast TRAPP I. TRAPPC2 is structurally quite similar to the N-terminal regulatory domain of two SNARE proteins Ykt6p and Sec22b (1 ...
... recombinant TRAPP I subcomplexes (see below) and the presence of the PDZL domain in TRAPPC4 are the two most unique features of the vertebrate complex when compared with yeast TRAPP I. TRAPPC2 is structurally quite similar to the N-terminal regulatory domain of two SNARE proteins Ykt6p and Sec22b (1 ...
Evolving Concepts in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Endocytosis: The
... II. G protein-coupled receptor desensitization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Protein kinase phosphorylation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... II. G protein-coupled receptor desensitization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Protein kinase phosphorylation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Structure and function of the notochord: an essential
... Nodal ligands employ the TGFβ signalling pathway, including receptors that also serve as activin receptors. Nodal ligands, however, require a co-receptor of the EGF-CFC family. In zebrafish, the one-eyed pinhead (oep) locus encodes an EGF-CFC protein that is essential for Nodal signalling (Gritsman ...
... Nodal ligands employ the TGFβ signalling pathway, including receptors that also serve as activin receptors. Nodal ligands, however, require a co-receptor of the EGF-CFC family. In zebrafish, the one-eyed pinhead (oep) locus encodes an EGF-CFC protein that is essential for Nodal signalling (Gritsman ...
The Role of Scleraxis in Heart Valve Development and Disease
... activator/repressor Twist1, however conclude that Twist1 does not bind to or transcriptionally regulate Scx. We also show that Scx is increased in a MFS mouse model of MMVD, and overexpression can promote myxomatous phenotypes in otherwise normal human mitral valve interstitial cells. Using this mod ...
... activator/repressor Twist1, however conclude that Twist1 does not bind to or transcriptionally regulate Scx. We also show that Scx is increased in a MFS mouse model of MMVD, and overexpression can promote myxomatous phenotypes in otherwise normal human mitral valve interstitial cells. Using this mod ...
The scaffolding protein Cnk Interacts with Alk to Promote Visceral
... activity. One such factor is the kinase suppressor of Ras (Ksr) that was identified by mutagenesis- ...
... activity. One such factor is the kinase suppressor of Ras (Ksr) that was identified by mutagenesis- ...
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... mechanisms similar to those used by vertebrates (Jiang et al., 2005; Munro and Odell, 2002b), and require an intact extracellular matrix (Veeman et al., 2008). Formation of intercellular lumens similar to vacuoles also contributes to notochord elongation (Dong et al., 2009; Miyamoto and Crowther, 19 ...
... mechanisms similar to those used by vertebrates (Jiang et al., 2005; Munro and Odell, 2002b), and require an intact extracellular matrix (Veeman et al., 2008). Formation of intercellular lumens similar to vacuoles also contributes to notochord elongation (Dong et al., 2009; Miyamoto and Crowther, 19 ...
The TSC1–TSC2 complex: a molecular switchboard controlling cell
... organ growth in Drosophila. Three very similar, but independent, genetic screens for regulators of organ growth identified loss-offunction mutations in the Drosophila Tsc1 gene as causative of an eye-overgrowth phenotype [13,14,19]. The organ overgrowth resulting from Tsc1 mutations was found to res ...
... organ growth in Drosophila. Three very similar, but independent, genetic screens for regulators of organ growth identified loss-offunction mutations in the Drosophila Tsc1 gene as causative of an eye-overgrowth phenotype [13,14,19]. The organ overgrowth resulting from Tsc1 mutations was found to res ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.