Cell Respiration ch. 9
... CO2 is released; NAD+ ---> NADH; In each turn 2 C atoms enter (Acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
... CO2 is released; NAD+ ---> NADH; In each turn 2 C atoms enter (Acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
Chapter 8 Notes – Energy and Metabolism
... The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ is involved in redox reactions, carrying ____________________ _____________________ ...
... The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ is involved in redox reactions, carrying ____________________ _____________________ ...
Respiration
... • As electrons are moved from carriers with high energy to carriers with low energy, energy is released • Some of this energy is used to move protons across the membrane (ATP synthase) to generate ATP • Net gain of 28-32 ATP ...
... • As electrons are moved from carriers with high energy to carriers with low energy, energy is released • Some of this energy is used to move protons across the membrane (ATP synthase) to generate ATP • Net gain of 28-32 ATP ...
1) Where does glycolysis occur in the cell
... 8) All of the following processes occur within mitochondria except: a) the splitting of glucose b) the formation of citric acid c) the catabolism of citric acid to produce NADH, CO2, AND H+ d) the transfer of electrons form NADH to the electron transport chain e) the reduction of oxygen to form wate ...
... 8) All of the following processes occur within mitochondria except: a) the splitting of glucose b) the formation of citric acid c) the catabolism of citric acid to produce NADH, CO2, AND H+ d) the transfer of electrons form NADH to the electron transport chain e) the reduction of oxygen to form wate ...
Cell Respiration - Oxidative Phosphorylation Gibb`s Free Energy PPT
... The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the enzyme, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to dri ...
... The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the enzyme, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to dri ...
Cellular Respiration Part IV: Oxidative Phosphorylation
... The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the enzyme, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to dri ...
... The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the enzyme, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to dri ...
Exam 1 454 Study Guide
... Identify sources of electron for oxidative phosphorylation. Describe the organization of the mitochondria with respect to parts and location of enzymes. Describe the forms in which electrons are transferred. Describe coupling of electron transport to ATP formation using the Chemiosmotic hy ...
... Identify sources of electron for oxidative phosphorylation. Describe the organization of the mitochondria with respect to parts and location of enzymes. Describe the forms in which electrons are transferred. Describe coupling of electron transport to ATP formation using the Chemiosmotic hy ...
Microbial nutrition
... Transport of Nutrients into the Cell • Nutrients are obtained from the environment • Many of the nutrients are polar • Cannot diffuse across the cell membrane • Proteins embedded in the membrane • Transport against a concentration gradient active transport ...
... Transport of Nutrients into the Cell • Nutrients are obtained from the environment • Many of the nutrients are polar • Cannot diffuse across the cell membrane • Proteins embedded in the membrane • Transport against a concentration gradient active transport ...
METABOLIC COMPARTMENTATION
... TCA cycle electron transport oxidative phosphorylation Lysosome: hydrolases ...
... TCA cycle electron transport oxidative phosphorylation Lysosome: hydrolases ...
Document
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
Cellular respiration is the of food
... Cellular respiration is the _________________ of food. This is how we release the ______________ from our food. The energy is stored in molecules called ______. Usually, the starting substance (food) for cellular respiration is ______________. This molecule is broken up into two molecules of _______ ...
... Cellular respiration is the _________________ of food. This is how we release the ______________ from our food. The energy is stored in molecules called ______. Usually, the starting substance (food) for cellular respiration is ______________. This molecule is broken up into two molecules of _______ ...
Microbial Metabolism (Part 2) I. Objectives II. What does a
... IV. Step 2: What to do next with energy extracted from glucose A. ...
... IV. Step 2: What to do next with energy extracted from glucose A. ...
Substrate and oxidative phosphorylation
... primarily and firstly in the cytoplasm (in glycolysis) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ...
... primarily and firstly in the cytoplasm (in glycolysis) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ...
What agents? What war?
... Ubiquinone or Coenzyme Q: small hydrophobic molecule that can pick up or donate electrons The respiratory chain contains 3 large enzyme complexes: • each complex acts as an electron-transport-driven H+ pump NADH dehydrogenase complex (22 polypeptide chains!) • accepts electrons from NADH • electron ...
... Ubiquinone or Coenzyme Q: small hydrophobic molecule that can pick up or donate electrons The respiratory chain contains 3 large enzyme complexes: • each complex acts as an electron-transport-driven H+ pump NADH dehydrogenase complex (22 polypeptide chains!) • accepts electrons from NADH • electron ...
Test Review Guide ch. 7, 9, 10
... 10. The first chemical reaction in the Krebs cycle is ____ 11. The final energy products (and number) of each turn of the Krebs Cycle. 12.How many NADHS, FADH2, ATP are produced in the Krebs cycle? 13. Where is phosphorylation reaction substrate level or oxidative? 15. List three characteristics of ...
... 10. The first chemical reaction in the Krebs cycle is ____ 11. The final energy products (and number) of each turn of the Krebs Cycle. 12.How many NADHS, FADH2, ATP are produced in the Krebs cycle? 13. Where is phosphorylation reaction substrate level or oxidative? 15. List three characteristics of ...
Name: Date: Concept Check Questions Chapter 9 Cellular
... 1. Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What is the final acceptor for its electrons during fermentation? What is the final acceptor of electrons during respiration? ...
... 1. Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What is the final acceptor for its electrons during fermentation? What is the final acceptor of electrons during respiration? ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS – The anabolic reduction of CO2 to form sugar.
... CHAIN – NADH and FADH2 provide the electrons, and O2 ...
... CHAIN – NADH and FADH2 provide the electrons, and O2 ...
4 Cell Resp Part 2 NT
... If the yield is only 2 ATP then how was the Krebs cycle an adaptation? _____________________________ ...
... If the yield is only 2 ATP then how was the Krebs cycle an adaptation? _____________________________ ...
C483 Study Guide for Exam 2 Fall 2015 Basic Information Exam 3
... o Amount of ATP/reduced cofactor produced in each step o Cofactors needed for transformation o Arrow mechanisms if mechanism is given in notes Pentose phosphate pathway: know stages, purposes, 4 modes, which type of enzyme needed for a given transformation, transketalase mechanism Electron transport ...
... o Amount of ATP/reduced cofactor produced in each step o Cofactors needed for transformation o Arrow mechanisms if mechanism is given in notes Pentose phosphate pathway: know stages, purposes, 4 modes, which type of enzyme needed for a given transformation, transketalase mechanism Electron transport ...
Electron Transport Chain (1)
... - Each H+ ion makes one complete turn, leaving the rotor and passing through a second half channel in the stator into the mitochondrial matrix - Spinning of the rotor causes an internal rod to spin as well. This rod extends like a stalk into the knob below it, which is held stationary by part of the ...
... - Each H+ ion makes one complete turn, leaving the rotor and passing through a second half channel in the stator into the mitochondrial matrix - Spinning of the rotor causes an internal rod to spin as well. This rod extends like a stalk into the knob below it, which is held stationary by part of the ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Chemiosmotic Theory
... oxidation/reduction components, A, B, C etc include haem groups (containing iron atoms), flavins, ubiquinone, copper atoms and clusters of iron and sulphur atoms; each can be reduced by accepting electrons and oxidized by donating them. The pathway of electron transport down the respiratory chain is ...
... oxidation/reduction components, A, B, C etc include haem groups (containing iron atoms), flavins, ubiquinone, copper atoms and clusters of iron and sulphur atoms; each can be reduced by accepting electrons and oxidized by donating them. The pathway of electron transport down the respiratory chain is ...
Document
... Chemolithotrophs derive energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules Most common electron donors are hydrogen, reduced nitrogen compounds, reduced sulfur compounds and ferrous iron (Fe2+) Oxygen, nitrate and sulfate can be used as the final electron acceptor ...
... Chemolithotrophs derive energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules Most common electron donors are hydrogen, reduced nitrogen compounds, reduced sulfur compounds and ferrous iron (Fe2+) Oxygen, nitrate and sulfate can be used as the final electron acceptor ...
Learning Objectives Chapter 3 Human Biology
... Learn all the eukaryotic animal cell organelles (including the membrane and the cytoplasm, structure and function Aerobic Respiration: You should be able to give a thorough accurate and detailed lecture on this topic including the structure of the mitochondrion, what the substrates and products ar ...
... Learn all the eukaryotic animal cell organelles (including the membrane and the cytoplasm, structure and function Aerobic Respiration: You should be able to give a thorough accurate and detailed lecture on this topic including the structure of the mitochondrion, what the substrates and products ar ...
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
... • As acetyl-CoA enters the cycle, the CoA is released and can be used for the next pyruvate •During one complete cycle a total of 3 NAD+s and 1 FAD are reduced to form 3 NADHs and 1 FADH2s • During one complete cycle an ADP and Pi are combined to form 1 ATP • During one complete cycle, 2 CO2 molecul ...
... • As acetyl-CoA enters the cycle, the CoA is released and can be used for the next pyruvate •During one complete cycle a total of 3 NAD+s and 1 FAD are reduced to form 3 NADHs and 1 FADH2s • During one complete cycle an ADP and Pi are combined to form 1 ATP • During one complete cycle, 2 CO2 molecul ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.