Test questions used for assessment
... a. is a complex protein network running through the cytosol b. functions in support, organization and movement of the cell c. is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments and the microtrabecular lattice d. all of the above e. a and c 6. Which of the following are true? a. micro ...
... a. is a complex protein network running through the cytosol b. functions in support, organization and movement of the cell c. is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments and the microtrabecular lattice d. all of the above e. a and c 6. Which of the following are true? a. micro ...
Document
... 5.7 are catalyzed by dehydrogenases that transfer pairs of electrons from substrates to coenzymes, NADH and FADH2 → electron- ...
... 5.7 are catalyzed by dehydrogenases that transfer pairs of electrons from substrates to coenzymes, NADH and FADH2 → electron- ...
ENERGY FLOW WITHIN THE CELL (2) LEARNING OBJECTIVES
... the captured energy derives from respiratory oxidation. The system that couples respiration to the generation of high energy intermediate ATP in mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... the captured energy derives from respiratory oxidation. The system that couples respiration to the generation of high energy intermediate ATP in mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation. ...
SMicroChapter5
... The ultimate function of metabolism is to reproduce the organism Metabolic processes guided by 8 elementary statements 1. Every cell acquires nutrients 2. Metabolism requires energy from light or from catabolism of nutrients 3. Energy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 4. Cells catabolize n ...
... The ultimate function of metabolism is to reproduce the organism Metabolic processes guided by 8 elementary statements 1. Every cell acquires nutrients 2. Metabolism requires energy from light or from catabolism of nutrients 3. Energy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 4. Cells catabolize n ...
L3_bacterial metabolismCh6HO
... CO2 and H2O with an inorganic compound serving as the final electron acceptor ...
... CO2 and H2O with an inorganic compound serving as the final electron acceptor ...
Unit 2 Test Review
... o Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm outside of the mitochondria o Overall energy yield: 2 NADH and 2 ATP Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation o 2 Pyruvates enter the Mitochondria CO2 is removed NAD+ is reduced to NADH Coenzyme A is added Results in 2 Acetyl CoA’s o Overall energy yield: 2 NADH Stage ...
... o Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm outside of the mitochondria o Overall energy yield: 2 NADH and 2 ATP Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation o 2 Pyruvates enter the Mitochondria CO2 is removed NAD+ is reduced to NADH Coenzyme A is added Results in 2 Acetyl CoA’s o Overall energy yield: 2 NADH Stage ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 10
... Creates water Releases free energy Electron transfer occurs in stepwise fashion to maximize efficiency B. Five kinds of electron carriers are parts of respiratory complexes Flavoproteins Carry electrons and protons together Iron-sulfur proteins Carry only one electron by redox of iron ions Cytochrom ...
... Creates water Releases free energy Electron transfer occurs in stepwise fashion to maximize efficiency B. Five kinds of electron carriers are parts of respiratory complexes Flavoproteins Carry electrons and protons together Iron-sulfur proteins Carry only one electron by redox of iron ions Cytochrom ...
Cellular Respiration Scrambled Steps
... Two things can happen: If oxygen is present, pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria to enter the Kreb’s Cycle. As H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through ATP Synthase, molecules of ATP are made. From the Kreb’s cycle, NADH and FADHS enter the electron transport chain. The products ...
... Two things can happen: If oxygen is present, pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria to enter the Kreb’s Cycle. As H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through ATP Synthase, molecules of ATP are made. From the Kreb’s cycle, NADH and FADHS enter the electron transport chain. The products ...
Slide 1
... Energy stored in NADH & FADH2 as electrons from the metabolic pathways is used for ATP synthesis by the process of oxidative phosphorylation When NADH and FADH2 are re-oxidized to NAD+ and FAD, the electrons released from them are transferred through a chain of electron carrier complexes (redox pro ...
... Energy stored in NADH & FADH2 as electrons from the metabolic pathways is used for ATP synthesis by the process of oxidative phosphorylation When NADH and FADH2 are re-oxidized to NAD+ and FAD, the electrons released from them are transferred through a chain of electron carrier complexes (redox pro ...
Review game
... 100 Where does the electron transport chain take place? Cristae or inner membrane of mitochondria 200 What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? Oxygen 300 Define chemiosmosis. Process of making ATP by movement of protons to provide energy so phosphorylation can occur 400 W ...
... 100 Where does the electron transport chain take place? Cristae or inner membrane of mitochondria 200 What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? Oxygen 300 Define chemiosmosis. Process of making ATP by movement of protons to provide energy so phosphorylation can occur 400 W ...
2-4_EnergyProd_FabinyiB
... The Citric acid cycle processes the created Acetyl-CoA, that is previously created from different carbohydrates, proteins and fats. ...
... The Citric acid cycle processes the created Acetyl-CoA, that is previously created from different carbohydrates, proteins and fats. ...
the Four Stages of Biochemical Energy Production
... Each carrier exists in oxidized or reduced form High energy electrons pass down the electron transport chain in a series of redox reactions These reactions are coupled with ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation). They lose energy as they pass along the chain ...
... Each carrier exists in oxidized or reduced form High energy electrons pass down the electron transport chain in a series of redox reactions These reactions are coupled with ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation). They lose energy as they pass along the chain ...
Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis)
... Accepts e- from coenzyme Q and transfers e- to cytochrome c coupled with the transfer of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space ...
... Accepts e- from coenzyme Q and transfers e- to cytochrome c coupled with the transfer of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space ...
How many molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be
... Describe the clinical symptoms you would expect to find in someone with a liver glycogen phosphorylase deficiency. What symptoms would you expect such an individual to exhibit? Explain using your biochemical knowledge of glycogen phosphorylase. Anaerobic metabolism of glucose produces lactate in act ...
... Describe the clinical symptoms you would expect to find in someone with a liver glycogen phosphorylase deficiency. What symptoms would you expect such an individual to exhibit? Explain using your biochemical knowledge of glycogen phosphorylase. Anaerobic metabolism of glucose produces lactate in act ...
Principles of Energy Harvest Redox reactions Oxidizing agent in
... From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (pyruvate) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
... From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (pyruvate) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
Document
... centers, ~850 kD, proton pump pumping 4-6 H /2e Complex II: 4 polypeptides, 7 Fe-S centers, FAD, 100-140 kD, no proton pump Complex III: 11 polypeptides, 3 cytochromes, Rieske+ Fe protein, 240 kD, homodimer (500 kD); -2 H in,+ 4 ...
... centers, ~850 kD, proton pump pumping 4-6 H /2e Complex II: 4 polypeptides, 7 Fe-S centers, FAD, 100-140 kD, no proton pump Complex III: 11 polypeptides, 3 cytochromes, Rieske+ Fe protein, 240 kD, homodimer (500 kD); -2 H in,+ 4 ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
... Electron Transport Chain • Enzymes ____________________ for the electron transport chain are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several complexes are called __________________. • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain, ______________________________________ ...
... Electron Transport Chain • Enzymes ____________________ for the electron transport chain are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several complexes are called __________________. • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain, ______________________________________ ...
Cellular Respiration 3 Parts Glycolysis Kreb`s Cycle
... Goal: Reduce pyruvate made during glycolysis; produces NAD+ NAD+ can then go back to glycolysis to produce ATP ...
... Goal: Reduce pyruvate made during glycolysis; produces NAD+ NAD+ can then go back to glycolysis to produce ATP ...
CHAPTER 5 CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... 3 MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS 1. NADH AND FADH2 (FROM GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS CYCLE) DONATE ELECTRONS AND H+ WHICH COMBINE WITH OXYGEN TO FORM WATER 2. ENERGY FROM THE ELECTRONS POWERS THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF H+ OUT OF THE MEMBRANE 3. WHEN H+ DIFFUSE BACK IN THROUGH ATP SYNTHASE, ATP IS PRODUCED (34 ...
... 3 MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS 1. NADH AND FADH2 (FROM GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS CYCLE) DONATE ELECTRONS AND H+ WHICH COMBINE WITH OXYGEN TO FORM WATER 2. ENERGY FROM THE ELECTRONS POWERS THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF H+ OUT OF THE MEMBRANE 3. WHEN H+ DIFFUSE BACK IN THROUGH ATP SYNTHASE, ATP IS PRODUCED (34 ...
Cell Chemistry
... • The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of glucose to six molecules of CO2 • yields one GTP, three NADH, and one reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), which is another electron carrier ...
... • The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of glucose to six molecules of CO2 • yields one GTP, three NADH, and one reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), which is another electron carrier ...
Matthew Mekari
... How do heterotrophs extract energy from macromolecules? A. Large molecules must undergo digestion, splitting into smaller units- proteins to amino acids, polysaccharides to glucose and other simple sugars, and fats to fatty acids and glycerol. B. In animals and fungi, most digestion takes place outs ...
... How do heterotrophs extract energy from macromolecules? A. Large molecules must undergo digestion, splitting into smaller units- proteins to amino acids, polysaccharides to glucose and other simple sugars, and fats to fatty acids and glycerol. B. In animals and fungi, most digestion takes place outs ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.