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Study Guide for Lecture Examination 3
... investment phase (in which two ATP must be "spent") and an energy-‐payoff phase (in which four ATP are produced). This results in a net gain of two ATP per glucose molecule. Glycolysis occurs in ...
... investment phase (in which two ATP must be "spent") and an energy-‐payoff phase (in which four ATP are produced). This results in a net gain of two ATP per glucose molecule. Glycolysis occurs in ...
KEY
... Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction (Denitrification) Nitrification Assimilatory Nitrate Reduction ...
... Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction (Denitrification) Nitrification Assimilatory Nitrate Reduction ...
Cellular Respiration
... membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
... membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
Pthways and metabolites of microbial cells
... Inside every cell, including the smallest bacterium, there is a constant whirl of metabolic activity as the cell uses nutrients to form cellular energy and build cell structures. In this chapter we will discuss metabolism in microbial cells. We'll focus on five key areas: a definition of metabolism, ...
... Inside every cell, including the smallest bacterium, there is a constant whirl of metabolic activity as the cell uses nutrients to form cellular energy and build cell structures. In this chapter we will discuss metabolism in microbial cells. We'll focus on five key areas: a definition of metabolism, ...
Cell Respiration Student Notes
... • Releases energy in 4 reactions • Glycolysis, Transition reaction, Citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle), and Electron transport system • An ________________ process that requires O2 • If oxygen is not available (______________), glycolysis is followed by _________________ Coupled Reaction ...
... • Releases energy in 4 reactions • Glycolysis, Transition reaction, Citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle), and Electron transport system • An ________________ process that requires O2 • If oxygen is not available (______________), glycolysis is followed by _________________ Coupled Reaction ...
Lecture 11 Krebs Cycle Reactions
... •! Cellular Respiration- The process by which cells oxidize organic molecules in the presence of O2 to produce CO2, H2O and energy in the form of ATP •! But where does O2 participate in the production of CO2 in the Krebs cycle? •! O2 is needed for the reoxidation of the coenzymes produced in the Kre ...
... •! Cellular Respiration- The process by which cells oxidize organic molecules in the presence of O2 to produce CO2, H2O and energy in the form of ATP •! But where does O2 participate in the production of CO2 in the Krebs cycle? •! O2 is needed for the reoxidation of the coenzymes produced in the Kre ...
Skill Builder _3a Cellular Respiration 10 Feb 2014
... Whichever way it occurs, it always begins with a process called glycolysis. Glycolysis converts 1 molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid aka pyruvate. The end products of glycolysis are 2 pyruvic acid molecules, 4 ATP’s, and 2 NADH2 . Anaerobic respiration (aka fermentation) ...
... Whichever way it occurs, it always begins with a process called glycolysis. Glycolysis converts 1 molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid aka pyruvate. The end products of glycolysis are 2 pyruvic acid molecules, 4 ATP’s, and 2 NADH2 . Anaerobic respiration (aka fermentation) ...
Updated Power Point
... a. Explain what happens inside your mitochondria when you lose access to oxygen and why this poses such a dire problem for your cells. b. How is it that some other organisms don’t suffocate in oxygen-free environments, and in fact thrive there? ...
... a. Explain what happens inside your mitochondria when you lose access to oxygen and why this poses such a dire problem for your cells. b. How is it that some other organisms don’t suffocate in oxygen-free environments, and in fact thrive there? ...
Answers for extension worksheet – Option C
... amino acids, which are then deaminated (the NH2 group is removed). The remainder of the molecule enters the respiratory process. Some amino acids are converted to pyruvate, others enter the Krebs cycle. In either case, ATP is synthesised in the usual way. This only occurs during starvation because t ...
... amino acids, which are then deaminated (the NH2 group is removed). The remainder of the molecule enters the respiratory process. Some amino acids are converted to pyruvate, others enter the Krebs cycle. In either case, ATP is synthesised in the usual way. This only occurs during starvation because t ...
UNIT-1 Carbohydrates
... quick energy structural support Characteristics: H – C – OH ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is 2:1 Monomer is the monosaccharide ...
... quick energy structural support Characteristics: H – C – OH ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is 2:1 Monomer is the monosaccharide ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION
... d. chlorophyll What is used in the first step of the Calvin Cycle a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen d. water How many rounds of the Calvin Cycle are needed to form one glucose molecule? a. one b. six c. two d. three Describe the two energy storing steps of photosynthesis. ...
... d. chlorophyll What is used in the first step of the Calvin Cycle a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen d. water How many rounds of the Calvin Cycle are needed to form one glucose molecule? a. one b. six c. two d. three Describe the two energy storing steps of photosynthesis. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... electrons from carbon fuels 2. The cycle itself neither generates ATP nor includes O2 as a reactant 3. Instead, it removes electrons from acetyl CoA & uses them to form NADH & FADH2 (high-energy electron carriers) 4. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from reoxidation of NADH & FADH2 ...
... electrons from carbon fuels 2. The cycle itself neither generates ATP nor includes O2 as a reactant 3. Instead, it removes electrons from acetyl CoA & uses them to form NADH & FADH2 (high-energy electron carriers) 4. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from reoxidation of NADH & FADH2 ...
H + - WordPress.com
... Intermembrane Space A total of 10 -12 H+ are ejected from the mitochondrial matrix per 2 e- transferred from NADH to oxygen via the respiratory chain. ...
... Intermembrane Space A total of 10 -12 H+ are ejected from the mitochondrial matrix per 2 e- transferred from NADH to oxygen via the respiratory chain. ...
Complex IV
... of NADH and then the transfer the two electrons to the flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) prosthetic group of this protein to give the reduced form FMNH2 NADH + H+ + FMN FMNH2 +NAD+ ...
... of NADH and then the transfer the two electrons to the flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) prosthetic group of this protein to give the reduced form FMNH2 NADH + H+ + FMN FMNH2 +NAD+ ...
What is metabolism? The sum of all chemical reactions that occur as
... ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (ETS) Proteins, lined up in series, that transport high energy electrons like hot potatoes. Each ETS acts as an electrical wire. ...
... ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (ETS) Proteins, lined up in series, that transport high energy electrons like hot potatoes. Each ETS acts as an electrical wire. ...
Chapter 8
... • NADH from the cytoplasm cannot enter mitochondrian and must transfer its electrons!! – In most cells (skeletal and brain) the electrons are transferred to FAD and thus yield two ATP (for a total yield of 36) – But in the liver, heart, and kidney cells, NAD+ accepts the electrons to yield three ATP ...
... • NADH from the cytoplasm cannot enter mitochondrian and must transfer its electrons!! – In most cells (skeletal and brain) the electrons are transferred to FAD and thus yield two ATP (for a total yield of 36) – But in the liver, heart, and kidney cells, NAD+ accepts the electrons to yield three ATP ...
BIO 101 Exam 2 practice questions Practice questions Ch 8,9 YOU
... b. energy from the oxidation of pyruvate producing CO2 and H20 c. energy from a proton (H+) gradient established in mitochondria d. energy derived from the breakdown of NADH and FADH2 32. Place in 3 groups to represent the steps of cellular respiration. A few may be placed in more than one Group Gly ...
... b. energy from the oxidation of pyruvate producing CO2 and H20 c. energy from a proton (H+) gradient established in mitochondria d. energy derived from the breakdown of NADH and FADH2 32. Place in 3 groups to represent the steps of cellular respiration. A few may be placed in more than one Group Gly ...
SUCCINYL-CoA SYNTHETASE from a prokaryote (Lot 140901b)
... The enzyme is supplied as an ammonium sulphate suspension and should be stored at 4°C. For assay, this enzyme should be diluted in 100 mM glycylglycine buffer, pH 8.4 containing 10 mM MgCl2. Swirl to mix the enzyme suspension immediately prior to use. ...
... The enzyme is supplied as an ammonium sulphate suspension and should be stored at 4°C. For assay, this enzyme should be diluted in 100 mM glycylglycine buffer, pH 8.4 containing 10 mM MgCl2. Swirl to mix the enzyme suspension immediately prior to use. ...
cell energy test review
... _____ 5. the process by which energy is obtained in anaerobic organisms Write the answers to the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Write the complete balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. Design an experiment that shows oxygen as a product of photosynthesis. 2. How does A ...
... _____ 5. the process by which energy is obtained in anaerobic organisms Write the answers to the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Write the complete balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. Design an experiment that shows oxygen as a product of photosynthesis. 2. How does A ...
- Riverside Preparatory High School
... The cell can use Fermentation instead!! Occurs in the Cytoplasm Just like glycolysis!! Fermentation A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
... The cell can use Fermentation instead!! Occurs in the Cytoplasm Just like glycolysis!! Fermentation A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
Workshop3Cellsans
... muscle cells are rapidly using and making ATP. It is not long before the oxygen in the muscle is being used for oxidative phosphorylation faster than our blood can deliver it, so oxygen stores run out. Muscle cells have the enzymes used for lactic acid fermentation, and for short periods of time the ...
... muscle cells are rapidly using and making ATP. It is not long before the oxygen in the muscle is being used for oxidative phosphorylation faster than our blood can deliver it, so oxygen stores run out. Muscle cells have the enzymes used for lactic acid fermentation, and for short periods of time the ...
Many people today are hooked on “fat free” or
... muscle cells are rapidly using and making ATP. It is not long before the oxygen in the muscle is being used for oxidative phosphorylation faster than our blood can deliver it, so oxygen stores run out. Muscle cells have the enzymes used for lactic acid fermentation, and for short periods of time the ...
... muscle cells are rapidly using and making ATP. It is not long before the oxygen in the muscle is being used for oxidative phosphorylation faster than our blood can deliver it, so oxygen stores run out. Muscle cells have the enzymes used for lactic acid fermentation, and for short periods of time the ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.