Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) - LSU School of Medicine
... • Pyruvate (actually the acetyl group) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 – The acetyl group is formed in stage II of metabolism from carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism ...
... • Pyruvate (actually the acetyl group) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 – The acetyl group is formed in stage II of metabolism from carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism ...
ATP powers cellular work
... cells use up the oxygen Muscle cells switch over to making ATP by fermentation ...
... cells use up the oxygen Muscle cells switch over to making ATP by fermentation ...
AP BIOLOGY Chapter 8 Metabolism
... NADH releases its electrons at the beginning of ETC so 3 H+ are pumped across the membrane; FADH2 drops off its electrons farther down the chain at cytochrome c so it misses the first proton pump and less H+ are pumped across the membrane. Return of H+ through ATP synthase produces ATP ...
... NADH releases its electrons at the beginning of ETC so 3 H+ are pumped across the membrane; FADH2 drops off its electrons farther down the chain at cytochrome c so it misses the first proton pump and less H+ are pumped across the membrane. Return of H+ through ATP synthase produces ATP ...
BIO 10 Lecture 2
... the oxidation of NADH) across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inner compartment into the outer ...
... the oxidation of NADH) across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inner compartment into the outer ...
Chapter 5
... • 1. Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling molecules? A. endocrine signaling *B. enzymatic signaling C. paracrine signaling D. synaptic signaling • 2. Which of the following is NOT true of cyclic AMP? *A. It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane. B. It is a second ...
... • 1. Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling molecules? A. endocrine signaling *B. enzymatic signaling C. paracrine signaling D. synaptic signaling • 2. Which of the following is NOT true of cyclic AMP? *A. It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane. B. It is a second ...
The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include
... Which of the following occurs in both photosynthesis and respiration? chemiosmosis glycolysis calvin cycle krebs cycle 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE? glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and an ...
... Which of the following occurs in both photosynthesis and respiration? chemiosmosis glycolysis calvin cycle krebs cycle 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE? glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and an ...
Review Guide
... 13. What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond? 14. **Review your element names and symbols** 15. Distinguish between organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Give one example of each. 16. Why is carbon a unique element? 17. What is a hydrocarbon? 18. Draw the structural form ...
... 13. What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond? 14. **Review your element names and symbols** 15. Distinguish between organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Give one example of each. 16. Why is carbon a unique element? 17. What is a hydrocarbon? 18. Draw the structural form ...
Solutions for Biochemistry Unit Exam
... c) Circle the part of the molecule that decreases the stability of RNA as compared to DNA. d) Draw an arrow to the part of this molecule that you would modify to prevent further elongation. Indicate what change you would make next to the arrow drawn. Question 2 Shown below is the structure of Drug 1 ...
... c) Circle the part of the molecule that decreases the stability of RNA as compared to DNA. d) Draw an arrow to the part of this molecule that you would modify to prevent further elongation. Indicate what change you would make next to the arrow drawn. Question 2 Shown below is the structure of Drug 1 ...
Study guide Unit 4 Energy Cellular Repsiration KEY
... 13. List cellular activities that require the energy of ATP. Used in making RNA and DNA • Making polysaccharides • Assembly of proteins • Active transport across cell membranes • Nerve impulses • Muscle contraction • Movement of cilia and flagella • Bioluminescence ...
... 13. List cellular activities that require the energy of ATP. Used in making RNA and DNA • Making polysaccharides • Assembly of proteins • Active transport across cell membranes • Nerve impulses • Muscle contraction • Movement of cilia and flagella • Bioluminescence ...
Cell Respiration Notes
... Skips Citric Acid cycle & ETC (NO oxygen) In muscle cells this is Lactic Acid ...
... Skips Citric Acid cycle & ETC (NO oxygen) In muscle cells this is Lactic Acid ...
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis
... A. Sunlight strikes two separate chlorophyll based photosynthetic pigment systems (remarkably called Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII)) which excite two electrons within a core magnesium atom of each pigment system (labelled P680 and P700 in the figure below the numbers refer to the wave ...
... A. Sunlight strikes two separate chlorophyll based photosynthetic pigment systems (remarkably called Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII)) which excite two electrons within a core magnesium atom of each pigment system (labelled P680 and P700 in the figure below the numbers refer to the wave ...
Respiration and Photosynthesis
... • Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid): mitochondrial matrix; pyruvate into carbon dioxide • Electron Transport Chain: inner membrane of mitochondrion; electrons passed to oxygen ...
... • Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid): mitochondrial matrix; pyruvate into carbon dioxide • Electron Transport Chain: inner membrane of mitochondrion; electrons passed to oxygen ...
W09micr430Lec2
... When bacteria translocate protons across the membrane to the outside surface, energy is conserved in the proton gradient that is established; Energy in the proton gradient is both electrical and chemical; The electrical energy exists because a positive charge has been moved across the membrane, crea ...
... When bacteria translocate protons across the membrane to the outside surface, energy is conserved in the proton gradient that is established; Energy in the proton gradient is both electrical and chemical; The electrical energy exists because a positive charge has been moved across the membrane, crea ...
Chapter 9
... ◊ The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. ◊ Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. ◊ The movement of electrons along the electron transport chain does contribute to chemiosmosis ...
... ◊ The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. ◊ Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. ◊ The movement of electrons along the electron transport chain does contribute to chemiosmosis ...
electron transport chain
... • Organic molecules store energy in their arrangement of atoms. • Enzymes catalyze the systematic degradation of organic molecules that are rich in energy to simpler waste products with less energy. • Some of the released energy is used to do work and the rest is dissipated as heat. ...
... • Organic molecules store energy in their arrangement of atoms. • Enzymes catalyze the systematic degradation of organic molecules that are rich in energy to simpler waste products with less energy. • Some of the released energy is used to do work and the rest is dissipated as heat. ...
Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
... where “a” is the class, “b” is the subclass, “c” is the sub‐subclass, and “d” is the sub‐sub‐subclass. The “b” and “c” digits describe the reaction, while the “d” digit is used to distinguish between different enzymes of the same function based on the actual substrate in the reaction. • Exampl ...
... where “a” is the class, “b” is the subclass, “c” is the sub‐subclass, and “d” is the sub‐sub‐subclass. The “b” and “c” digits describe the reaction, while the “d” digit is used to distinguish between different enzymes of the same function based on the actual substrate in the reaction. • Exampl ...
Cellular Respiration - Jackson School District
... I need a large pool of questions so please make your own and do not copy from other students. I want to know YOUR questions, not your neighbor. ...
... I need a large pool of questions so please make your own and do not copy from other students. I want to know YOUR questions, not your neighbor. ...
File - Principles of Biology 103
... 3. Which of the following metabolic pathways require(s) molecular oxygen: A. Aerobic respiration B. Lactate fermentation C. Alcoholic fermentation D. All of the above 4. What occurs when molecules are broken apart in respiration: A. ADP is released as a waste product B. The oxygen in the compounds t ...
... 3. Which of the following metabolic pathways require(s) molecular oxygen: A. Aerobic respiration B. Lactate fermentation C. Alcoholic fermentation D. All of the above 4. What occurs when molecules are broken apart in respiration: A. ADP is released as a waste product B. The oxygen in the compounds t ...
Chapter 6
... from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
... from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
Cellular Respiration
... CK ?? Topic CR Date: 10-11-10 4. How many usable ATP result from Glycolysis? 5. What is the second stage of CR? 6. Where does the second stage take place? 7. What does the term aerobic mean? ...
... CK ?? Topic CR Date: 10-11-10 4. How many usable ATP result from Glycolysis? 5. What is the second stage of CR? 6. Where does the second stage take place? 7. What does the term aerobic mean? ...
Week 5 - UW Canvas
... d. is produced during the Krebs cycle. 5. The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O… a. is exergonic. b. takes place entirely in the mitochondria. c. requires the electron transport chain. d. generates a pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes. e. only occurs in eukaryotes. 6 ...
... d. is produced during the Krebs cycle. 5. The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O… a. is exergonic. b. takes place entirely in the mitochondria. c. requires the electron transport chain. d. generates a pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes. e. only occurs in eukaryotes. 6 ...
Ενδοκυττάρια ∆ιαµερίσµατα, ∆ιαλογή και µεταφορά πρωτεινών
... presequence and negative patches of receptors along the import pathway: The Acid chain hypothesis- Gradation of affinities leads the presequence along the import pathway ...
... presequence and negative patches of receptors along the import pathway: The Acid chain hypothesis- Gradation of affinities leads the presequence along the import pathway ...
Cell Organisation
... - Blistering diseases (Pemphigus) are auto-immune, attack desmogleins (cadherins), cause layers of skin to pull apart ...
... - Blistering diseases (Pemphigus) are auto-immune, attack desmogleins (cadherins), cause layers of skin to pull apart ...
respiration - MagnusonScience
... • As electrons move down ETC they pass energy. • Transported by either NADH or FADH2.. • Purpose of ETC - break up energy into smaller amounts - released in smaller amounts. ...
... • As electrons move down ETC they pass energy. • Transported by either NADH or FADH2.. • Purpose of ETC - break up energy into smaller amounts - released in smaller amounts. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.