acetyl CoA
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
Photosynthesis & Respiration
... Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions that change glucose, step by step into 2 Pyruvic Acids ...
... Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions that change glucose, step by step into 2 Pyruvic Acids ...
Chapter 5
... Aerobic respiration of glucose, pyruvic acid is formed by glycoly sis, then converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) Energy is released in oxidative reactions, and is captured as ATP Pyruvic acid enters interior of mitochondria Converted to acetyl y CoA and 2 C02 Acetyl CoA serves as substrate ...
... Aerobic respiration of glucose, pyruvic acid is formed by glycoly sis, then converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) Energy is released in oxidative reactions, and is captured as ATP Pyruvic acid enters interior of mitochondria Converted to acetyl y CoA and 2 C02 Acetyl CoA serves as substrate ...
A-Level Biology Unit 4: Chapter 2 ATP Common Exam
... Give two ways in which the properties of ATP make it a suitable source (this means RELEASE not storage) of energy in biological processes. Energy released in small/suitable amounts; ...
... Give two ways in which the properties of ATP make it a suitable source (this means RELEASE not storage) of energy in biological processes. Energy released in small/suitable amounts; ...
HERE
... Which of the following is the correct sequence for the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP? A. Electron transport chain. B. Kreb’s cycle. C. Glycolysis. D. Formation of acetyl CoA. Correct order: ___→ __ → __ → _ ANSWER ...
... Which of the following is the correct sequence for the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP? A. Electron transport chain. B. Kreb’s cycle. C. Glycolysis. D. Formation of acetyl CoA. Correct order: ___→ __ → __ → _ ANSWER ...
This `practice exam`
... 51. The mineral corundum (which is the host structure for sapphires and rubies) has the formula Al2O3. If the density of corundum is 3.97 g/cm3 how many aluminum atoms are contained in a corundum crystal with a volume of 0.250 cm3? 1.17x1022 Al atoms 52.Balance the following equation. 1 PCl5(l) + 4 ...
... 51. The mineral corundum (which is the host structure for sapphires and rubies) has the formula Al2O3. If the density of corundum is 3.97 g/cm3 how many aluminum atoms are contained in a corundum crystal with a volume of 0.250 cm3? 1.17x1022 Al atoms 52.Balance the following equation. 1 PCl5(l) + 4 ...
Cellular Respiration notes
... Electron Transport Chain • The electron transport chain is a series of chemical reactions ending with hydrogen combining with oxygen to form water. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product as it is formed in several stages of the Krebs cycle. • Each reaction produces a small amount of energy, ...
... Electron Transport Chain • The electron transport chain is a series of chemical reactions ending with hydrogen combining with oxygen to form water. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product as it is formed in several stages of the Krebs cycle. • Each reaction produces a small amount of energy, ...
Xe– + Y → X + Ye–
... pathways of biosynthesis. Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration. Many carbohydrates can enter glycolysis, most often after conversion to glucose. Amino acids of proteins must be deaminated before being oxidized. The fatty acids of fats und ...
... pathways of biosynthesis. Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration. Many carbohydrates can enter glycolysis, most often after conversion to glucose. Amino acids of proteins must be deaminated before being oxidized. The fatty acids of fats und ...
Muscle cramps! - WordPress.com
... During exercise, more ATP energy needs to be produced to keep the body regulated, which also results in the need for more oxygen. The most ATP is actually produced by the electron transport chain, the last step of cellular respiration. The final electron acceptor is oxygen, as it creates a pull for ...
... During exercise, more ATP energy needs to be produced to keep the body regulated, which also results in the need for more oxygen. The most ATP is actually produced by the electron transport chain, the last step of cellular respiration. The final electron acceptor is oxygen, as it creates a pull for ...
Respiration Test Study Guide
... 32. In lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid (lactate) is produced from _________________. 33. ____________ and _____________ carry electrons to the electron transport chain. 34. The equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: ____________________________________________ 35. Water is an end produc ...
... 32. In lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid (lactate) is produced from _________________. 33. ____________ and _____________ carry electrons to the electron transport chain. 34. The equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: ____________________________________________ 35. Water is an end produc ...
Photosynthesis “Carbon Fixation” λ Energy H20 O2 water oxidized
... reactions that are energetically favorable reactions to those that are energetically unfavorable ...
... reactions that are energetically favorable reactions to those that are energetically unfavorable ...
Respiration
... 1- Glycolysis (splitting glucose): harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to 2-pyruvate • During glycolysis, glucose (a six carbon-sugar) is split into two molecules (each is three-carbon sugar). • These smaller sugars are oxidized and rearranged to form two molecules of pyruvate. • Each of ...
... 1- Glycolysis (splitting glucose): harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to 2-pyruvate • During glycolysis, glucose (a six carbon-sugar) is split into two molecules (each is three-carbon sugar). • These smaller sugars are oxidized and rearranged to form two molecules of pyruvate. • Each of ...
cell resp
... the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be nutritional sources of energy provided that A) they are converted into glucose B) the enter their own pathways that are separate from the glucose metabolic pathways C) they are degraded completely into atoms before entering ...
... the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be nutritional sources of energy provided that A) they are converted into glucose B) the enter their own pathways that are separate from the glucose metabolic pathways C) they are degraded completely into atoms before entering ...
Ch 6-9 - WEB . WHRSD . ORG
... to oxygen, forming water. C) release of carbon dioxide. D) production of FADH2. E) production of ATP. ...
... to oxygen, forming water. C) release of carbon dioxide. D) production of FADH2. E) production of ATP. ...
1 Which of the following are the smallest cells? A) human ovum B
... 15 ____________ provide(s) both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks. A) ...
... 15 ____________ provide(s) both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks. A) ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy
... - We already discussed the basics of this - we use chemiosmosis. - several proteins are embedded in the inside membrane of mitochondria [OVERHEAD, fig. 6.10, p. 98 / 4th: 6.12, p. 100] - these proteins function in the electron transport chain. - electrons are passed down through these proteins - as ...
... - We already discussed the basics of this - we use chemiosmosis. - several proteins are embedded in the inside membrane of mitochondria [OVERHEAD, fig. 6.10, p. 98 / 4th: 6.12, p. 100] - these proteins function in the electron transport chain. - electrons are passed down through these proteins - as ...
8 Aerobic Respiration
... the membrane (and reach equilibrium) is through a specific channel enzyme called ATP synthase. ATP synthase looks like an upside-down light bulb. As the hydrogen atoms pass through the ATP synthase from the outside of the membrane to the inside, they provide kinetic energy to the enzyme. With thi ...
... the membrane (and reach equilibrium) is through a specific channel enzyme called ATP synthase. ATP synthase looks like an upside-down light bulb. As the hydrogen atoms pass through the ATP synthase from the outside of the membrane to the inside, they provide kinetic energy to the enzyme. With thi ...
PERIODIC LAW Chemical properties of an element depend on the
... Electron affinity ............................ going down the group because the last shell is ................. from the nucleus and the attractive forces are .......................... Electron affinity ............................ across the period. As the diameter of chlorine is ................. ...
... Electron affinity ............................ going down the group because the last shell is ................. from the nucleus and the attractive forces are .......................... Electron affinity ............................ across the period. As the diameter of chlorine is ................. ...
10/19
... Electrons eventually combine with 1/2 O2 and 2 H+ to form H2O Protons pumped across the membrane at various points during electron transport ...
... Electrons eventually combine with 1/2 O2 and 2 H+ to form H2O Protons pumped across the membrane at various points during electron transport ...
Practice photosynthesis/Respiration
... D) oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water E) NADH, FADH2 , and electrons 33) Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along this chain? A) Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized. B) Energy of the electrons increases at each step. C) Molecules i ...
... D) oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water E) NADH, FADH2 , and electrons 33) Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along this chain? A) Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized. B) Energy of the electrons increases at each step. C) Molecules i ...
Chapter 9 - Angelfire
... Fermentation can lead to the production of ATP, but not as much as aerobic/anaerobic respiration 1. in fermentation the substrate (pyruvate or a dirivative/carbohydrate) is oxidized 2. ATP forms by substrate-level phosphorylation only 3. Oxygen is not needed ...
... Fermentation can lead to the production of ATP, but not as much as aerobic/anaerobic respiration 1. in fermentation the substrate (pyruvate or a dirivative/carbohydrate) is oxidized 2. ATP forms by substrate-level phosphorylation only 3. Oxygen is not needed ...
Krebs cycle
... 6.12 Chemiosmosis powers ATP production • The electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen • Energy released by the electrons is used to pump H+ ions into the space between the mitochondrial membranes • In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner m ...
... 6.12 Chemiosmosis powers ATP production • The electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen • Energy released by the electrons is used to pump H+ ions into the space between the mitochondrial membranes • In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner m ...
Multiple Choice Review- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... 17. The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is a. The flow of electrons down the electron transport chain b. That attraction of electrons to Oxygen c. The proton gradient created across the membrane d. ATP from glycolysis 18. The final electron acceptor ...
... 17. The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is a. The flow of electrons down the electron transport chain b. That attraction of electrons to Oxygen c. The proton gradient created across the membrane d. ATP from glycolysis 18. The final electron acceptor ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.