Flip Folder 4 KEY - Madison County Schools
... push each other away (and is very unstable). It breaks and releases energy very easily. It breaks into ADP (2 phosphates) which does not have lots of energy because the phosphates can bend so that their negative charges do not repel as much. ...
... push each other away (and is very unstable). It breaks and releases energy very easily. It breaks into ADP (2 phosphates) which does not have lots of energy because the phosphates can bend so that their negative charges do not repel as much. ...
Cellular Respiration
... All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
... All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
Cellular Respiration Review Sheet
... 4. Electron transport occurs… a. in the cytoplasm b. matrix of the mitochondria c. outer membrane of the mitochondria d. inner membrane of the mitochondria 5. Which molecule accepts electrons from the final carrier in the electron transport chain? a. NAD+ b. Pyruvic acid c. Oxygen d. Carbon 6. In wh ...
... 4. Electron transport occurs… a. in the cytoplasm b. matrix of the mitochondria c. outer membrane of the mitochondria d. inner membrane of the mitochondria 5. Which molecule accepts electrons from the final carrier in the electron transport chain? a. NAD+ b. Pyruvic acid c. Oxygen d. Carbon 6. In wh ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: ____________ + _______________ → ________________+_________________+________________ Compare this reaction to the one you learned about last chapter for PHOTOSYNTHSIS (6 H2O + 6 CO2 + light ...
... Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: ____________ + _______________ → ________________+_________________+________________ Compare this reaction to the one you learned about last chapter for PHOTOSYNTHSIS (6 H2O + 6 CO2 + light ...
this lecture as PDF here
... • Note potential problem: redox potential for nitrite as electron donor is + 0.42 v., so can easily pass electrons down to oxygen at + 0.82 v., reaction will be spontaneous. Electrons can be passed through an electron transport system, make ATP by chemiosmotic phosphorylation. • BUT --- how to make ...
... • Note potential problem: redox potential for nitrite as electron donor is + 0.42 v., so can easily pass electrons down to oxygen at + 0.82 v., reaction will be spontaneous. Electrons can be passed through an electron transport system, make ATP by chemiosmotic phosphorylation. • BUT --- how to make ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... Succinate Dehydrogenase • An oxidation involving FAD • Mechanism involves hydride removal by FAD and a deprotonation • This enzyme is actually part of the electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed dir ...
... Succinate Dehydrogenase • An oxidation involving FAD • Mechanism involves hydride removal by FAD and a deprotonation • This enzyme is actually part of the electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed dir ...
3/14 Cellular Respiration
... The electron transport chain works by taking energetic electrons from charged batteries like NADH and FADH2, which depowers them back to NAD+ and FAD. These electrons are given to proteins embedded in the membranes inside the mitrochondria. The proteins use the energy they’ve received to move prot ...
... The electron transport chain works by taking energetic electrons from charged batteries like NADH and FADH2, which depowers them back to NAD+ and FAD. These electrons are given to proteins embedded in the membranes inside the mitrochondria. The proteins use the energy they’ve received to move prot ...
Intro powerpoint Energy systems
... This system relies solely on readily available phosphocreatine found in the muscles Does NOT involve the metabolism (breakdown) of glucose as an energy source ...
... This system relies solely on readily available phosphocreatine found in the muscles Does NOT involve the metabolism (breakdown) of glucose as an energy source ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... • Stage 3: The Krebs cycle (also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the citric acid cycle) - an eight-step cyclical process occurring in the mitochondrial matrix. • Stage 4: Electron transport and chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) - a multistep process occurring in the inn ...
... • Stage 3: The Krebs cycle (also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the citric acid cycle) - an eight-step cyclical process occurring in the mitochondrial matrix. • Stage 4: Electron transport and chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) - a multistep process occurring in the inn ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... • Food chains were not very complex; few trophic levels. • Could support very few animals with such poor efficiency. ...
... • Food chains were not very complex; few trophic levels. • Could support very few animals with such poor efficiency. ...
Intro to Biochemistry Pratt & Cornely Chapter 1
... The reaction above can be coupled to a reaction in which 1,3-BPG is converted to 3PG. Write the overall equation, including the change in free energy for the converstion of GAP to 3PG. 1,3BPG + ADP 3PG + ATP DG = -18.8 kJ/mol ...
... The reaction above can be coupled to a reaction in which 1,3-BPG is converted to 3PG. Write the overall equation, including the change in free energy for the converstion of GAP to 3PG. 1,3BPG + ADP 3PG + ATP DG = -18.8 kJ/mol ...
Cell Respiration notes
... breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Equation: ...
... breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Equation: ...
AP BIOLOGY QUIZ 2
... Why is this cyclic energy flow still important in photosynthetic organisms? a. It produces the majority of ATP required by the cell. b. It produces additional ATP to fuel the Calvin cycle. c. It produces glucose, while non-cyclic energy flow produces only ATP. d. It does not require chemiosmosis, as ...
... Why is this cyclic energy flow still important in photosynthetic organisms? a. It produces the majority of ATP required by the cell. b. It produces additional ATP to fuel the Calvin cycle. c. It produces glucose, while non-cyclic energy flow produces only ATP. d. It does not require chemiosmosis, as ...
Biology 1406 Quiz 2 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) When biologists
... B) to actively transport molecules against their concentration gradients. C) to maintain the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane. D) to maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures. E) to mediate cell-to-cell recognition. 18) Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipi ...
... B) to actively transport molecules against their concentration gradients. C) to maintain the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane. D) to maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures. E) to mediate cell-to-cell recognition. 18) Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipi ...
Document
... increase in [lactate] so that the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio is many times larger than normal. Explain. ...
... increase in [lactate] so that the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio is many times larger than normal. Explain. ...
8/28 A brief introduction to biologically important elements and their
... Sulfur (Group VIA) has many uses, given its many possible oxidation states. Both oxidized and reduced sulfur are used as substrates with which to metabolize carbon by bacteria. In other organisms, sulfur groups occur in protein-cleaving enzymes, and make important transition metal complexes with V, ...
... Sulfur (Group VIA) has many uses, given its many possible oxidation states. Both oxidized and reduced sulfur are used as substrates with which to metabolize carbon by bacteria. In other organisms, sulfur groups occur in protein-cleaving enzymes, and make important transition metal complexes with V, ...
Electron Transport Chain (Respiratory Chain)
... intermembrane space b) Complex II transfers H+ into an intermembrane space c) Coenzyme Q accepts e- from both Complex I and Complex II ...
... intermembrane space b) Complex II transfers H+ into an intermembrane space c) Coenzyme Q accepts e- from both Complex I and Complex II ...
presentation source
... II. Reduced NAD and FAD donate their electrons to an electrontransport chain of molecules located in the cristae. A. The electrons from NAD and FAD are passed from one cytochrome of the electron-transport chain to the next in a series of coupled oxidation-reduction reactions. B. As each cytochrome i ...
... II. Reduced NAD and FAD donate their electrons to an electrontransport chain of molecules located in the cristae. A. The electrons from NAD and FAD are passed from one cytochrome of the electron-transport chain to the next in a series of coupled oxidation-reduction reactions. B. As each cytochrome i ...
1. Diagram energy flow through the biosphere
... In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate’s fate depends on the presence of O2. 1. If O2 is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where it is completely oxidized by a series of enzyme-controlled reactions (moved by a carrier protein in the mitochondrial membrane) 2. Oxidizing of the remaining acetyl fragmen ...
... In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate’s fate depends on the presence of O2. 1. If O2 is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where it is completely oxidized by a series of enzyme-controlled reactions (moved by a carrier protein in the mitochondrial membrane) 2. Oxidizing of the remaining acetyl fragmen ...
state university college at buffalo - Buffalo State College Faculty and
... 26. Phosphofructose Kinase (PFK) is an important regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. PFK is allosterically inhibited by ATP. Explain why this is considered an example of feedback inhibition. ...
... 26. Phosphofructose Kinase (PFK) is an important regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. PFK is allosterically inhibited by ATP. Explain why this is considered an example of feedback inhibition. ...
Name Date Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 3. What is the summary equation for cellular respiration and what is the free energy change in this process? ...
... 3. What is the summary equation for cellular respiration and what is the free energy change in this process? ...
Sugárkémiai áttekintés Schiller Róbert
... Chemistry of the hydrated electron - The ideal of the reducing agent: no oxidised product left - the perfect nucleophyilic partner - very selective, in certain cases diffusion controlled rates - previously unknown products, e.g.Ag0, Cu0 ...
... Chemistry of the hydrated electron - The ideal of the reducing agent: no oxidised product left - the perfect nucleophyilic partner - very selective, in certain cases diffusion controlled rates - previously unknown products, e.g.Ag0, Cu0 ...
METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
... oxidation-reduction cofactor derived from niacin – nicotinic acid – pyridine derivative NAD+ + H2 NADH + H+ ...
... oxidation-reduction cofactor derived from niacin – nicotinic acid – pyridine derivative NAD+ + H2 NADH + H+ ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.