Electron Transport Chain - Dr-Manar-KSU
... It occurs in the cytoplasm with the absence of O2 During this stage the Glucose will split into 2 molecules. By oxidizing these 2 molecules they form 2 molecules of Pyruvate. Each step in this stage is catalyzed by a specific ...
... It occurs in the cytoplasm with the absence of O2 During this stage the Glucose will split into 2 molecules. By oxidizing these 2 molecules they form 2 molecules of Pyruvate. Each step in this stage is catalyzed by a specific ...
File
... 9) Explain why 2 pyruvates are formed from one glucose molecule instead of only one pyruvate. 10) Name the organelle where aerobic respiration occurs? 11) During aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide (CO2) i ...
... 9) Explain why 2 pyruvates are formed from one glucose molecule instead of only one pyruvate. 10) Name the organelle where aerobic respiration occurs? 11) During aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide (CO2) i ...
Active Transport
... • Molecules move UP the concentration gradient • Molecules move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration • Requires energy (ATP) ...
... • Molecules move UP the concentration gradient • Molecules move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration • Requires energy (ATP) ...
Energy Exam Review - Lewiston School District
... A).Light reaction of photosynthesis B).Dark reaction of photosynthesis C).Formation of ATP from ADP D).”Excited” electrons in the chlorophyll ...
... A).Light reaction of photosynthesis B).Dark reaction of photosynthesis C).Formation of ATP from ADP D).”Excited” electrons in the chlorophyll ...
BIOLOGY
... in the mitochondria. In this chain, electrons are transferred from one protein to another, RELEASING energy in the process. OXYGEN is the final electron acceptor in this process. Oxygen reacts with hydrogen and electrons to form water (H2O). Oxygen is important in the body since without it the prote ...
... in the mitochondria. In this chain, electrons are transferred from one protein to another, RELEASING energy in the process. OXYGEN is the final electron acceptor in this process. Oxygen reacts with hydrogen and electrons to form water (H2O). Oxygen is important in the body since without it the prote ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Types of
... y Electrons from NADH are transferred to first molecule: y flavoprotein (flavin mononucleotide) y Iron-sulfer protein y Coenzyme y Q y Cytochromes (heme prosthetic groups) y Oxygen (very electronegative) Why not release all the energy in just one step? ...
... y Electrons from NADH are transferred to first molecule: y flavoprotein (flavin mononucleotide) y Iron-sulfer protein y Coenzyme y Q y Cytochromes (heme prosthetic groups) y Oxygen (very electronegative) Why not release all the energy in just one step? ...
NOTES: 9.1-9.2 - Cellular Respiration
... ● therefore, the reaction is broken down into many small steps controlled by -Cells gradually release the energy from glucose and other compounds ● the energy is transferred to the amounts to be used by the cell ...
... ● therefore, the reaction is broken down into many small steps controlled by -Cells gradually release the energy from glucose and other compounds ● the energy is transferred to the amounts to be used by the cell ...
Lecture 6 POWERPOINT here
... (- what are they?) are populated with a very large number of chemical reagents, products, and enzymes. ...
... (- what are they?) are populated with a very large number of chemical reagents, products, and enzymes. ...
(18 pts) Pyruvate can be converted to a variety of othe
... significant effect on its metabolism. Take two of the molecules you named in part a and describe how the cell’s “choice” of which one of them is made depends either on the environment in which the cell lives or on which organism it is. Ethanol vs Lactate—is it a yeast cell or a bacterial cell or a m ...
... significant effect on its metabolism. Take two of the molecules you named in part a and describe how the cell’s “choice” of which one of them is made depends either on the environment in which the cell lives or on which organism it is. Ethanol vs Lactate—is it a yeast cell or a bacterial cell or a m ...
Cellular Respiration notes HONORS
... • It cannot be stored-instead glucose is stored and converted as the body needs it. This conversion is called cellular respiration • When ATP is made, it then can be released and used by the cells in functions such as making proteins, active transport, and maintaining homeostasis • Glucose must be c ...
... • It cannot be stored-instead glucose is stored and converted as the body needs it. This conversion is called cellular respiration • When ATP is made, it then can be released and used by the cells in functions such as making proteins, active transport, and maintaining homeostasis • Glucose must be c ...
File
... 14. Some irresponsible teenagers are trying to make wine in their basement. They’ve added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there’s no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely ex ...
... 14. Some irresponsible teenagers are trying to make wine in their basement. They’ve added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there’s no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely ex ...
Chemistry of Life
... • End in ‘ase’ and named for substrate • Mechanism of enzyme action: – Enzyme binds substrate at its active site on the enzyme. ...
... • End in ‘ase’ and named for substrate • Mechanism of enzyme action: – Enzyme binds substrate at its active site on the enzyme. ...
BACTERIAL CATALASE AND CYTOCHROME OXIDASE TESTS
... reduce the first molecule in the chain as they are concurrently re-oxidized. As electrons are passed down the chain of the electron transport system, each molecule in the chain alternate between reduced and oxidized forms. Cytochrome oxidase is found at the bottom of this chain, cytochrome oxidase c ...
... reduce the first molecule in the chain as they are concurrently re-oxidized. As electrons are passed down the chain of the electron transport system, each molecule in the chain alternate between reduced and oxidized forms. Cytochrome oxidase is found at the bottom of this chain, cytochrome oxidase c ...
Name: #: Cellular Respiration Review 2 Process Where does it
... 6. Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP 7. Why do we say there is a ‘net’ gain of 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis? Glycolysis produces 4ATP but since it needs 2 ATP to start, the cell only in ...
... 6. Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP 7. Why do we say there is a ‘net’ gain of 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis? Glycolysis produces 4ATP but since it needs 2 ATP to start, the cell only in ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... glucose are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. Two are produced during glycolysis, and 2 are produced during the citric acid cycle. NADH and FADH2 account for the vast majority of the energy extracted from the food. The electron transport chain is a collection of molecules embedded in th ...
... glucose are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. Two are produced during glycolysis, and 2 are produced during the citric acid cycle. NADH and FADH2 account for the vast majority of the energy extracted from the food. The electron transport chain is a collection of molecules embedded in th ...
CHEM1611 2005-J-2 June 2005 • Complete the following table
... The radiation has sufficient energy to ionise atoms in living tissues. The free radicals thus formed are highly reactive (due to having unpaired electrons) and cause unwanted chemical reactions in the tissues. This in turn can lead to cell damage, destruction of DNA, etc. ...
... The radiation has sufficient energy to ionise atoms in living tissues. The free radicals thus formed are highly reactive (due to having unpaired electrons) and cause unwanted chemical reactions in the tissues. This in turn can lead to cell damage, destruction of DNA, etc. ...
Sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an
... attached to oxaloacetate to form citrate or citric acid Series of steps releases 2CO2, 1ATP, 3NADH, and 1 FADH2 Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start the cycle again ...
... attached to oxaloacetate to form citrate or citric acid Series of steps releases 2CO2, 1ATP, 3NADH, and 1 FADH2 Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start the cycle again ...
Station A 1. Why are polar water molecules attracted to other polar
... 2. Which biomolecule is an enzyme composed of? What are its monomers called? ...
... 2. Which biomolecule is an enzyme composed of? What are its monomers called? ...
Where It Starts: Photosynthesis
... H+ ions accumulate in the outer compartment, forming a gradient across the inner membrane H+ ions flow by concentration gradient back to the inner compartment through ATP synthases (transport proteins that drive ATP synthesis) ...
... H+ ions accumulate in the outer compartment, forming a gradient across the inner membrane H+ ions flow by concentration gradient back to the inner compartment through ATP synthases (transport proteins that drive ATP synthesis) ...
ATP-PCr System
... Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. Electron transport chain recombines hydrogen atoms to produce ATP and water. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 39 ...
... Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. Electron transport chain recombines hydrogen atoms to produce ATP and water. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 39 ...
14) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for
... maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation (one time through)? A) 1 B) 2 C) 11 D) 12 E) 24 ...
... maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation (one time through)? A) 1 B) 2 C) 11 D) 12 E) 24 ...
Cellular Respiration
... higher positive charge in the intermembrane space than in the matrix, and a chemical gradient created by a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space. • The electrochemical gradient stores free energy; the protonmotive force (PMF). • The mitochondrial membrane is almost impermeable t ...
... higher positive charge in the intermembrane space than in the matrix, and a chemical gradient created by a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space. • The electrochemical gradient stores free energy; the protonmotive force (PMF). • The mitochondrial membrane is almost impermeable t ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.