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AP Biology Question Set
... active sites are occupied. At that point, no amount of substrate increase will increase the rate of reaction (see Figure 6.14). 50. Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport pathway. Without it, NADH + H+ cannot be cycled back to NAD+. The accumulated NADH + H+ acts as ...
... active sites are occupied. At that point, no amount of substrate increase will increase the rate of reaction (see Figure 6.14). 50. Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport pathway. Without it, NADH + H+ cannot be cycled back to NAD+. The accumulated NADH + H+ acts as ...
PG1005 Lecture 12 Kreb`s Citric Acid Cycle
... cytosol to the establishment of electron harvesting reactions in the mitochondrial matrix • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of Kreb’s Citric Acid Cycle (KCAC). (substrates, enzymes, products, reaction types) • To hig ...
... cytosol to the establishment of electron harvesting reactions in the mitochondrial matrix • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of Kreb’s Citric Acid Cycle (KCAC). (substrates, enzymes, products, reaction types) • To hig ...
Porifera and Cnidaria Review Sheet/Practice Questions
... 20. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce __CO2______ and ____H2O_____ along with ATP. 21.Write the equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------------ 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --------- C6H12O6 + 6O2 The products of one reaction are the re ...
... 20. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce __CO2______ and ____H2O_____ along with ATP. 21.Write the equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------------ 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --------- C6H12O6 + 6O2 The products of one reaction are the re ...
Exam I Sample Questions
... Peptide bonds result when the amino group of one amino acid bonds with the central carbon of a neighboring amino acid Properties of amino acid are determined by the physical properties of the R-group In biological systems, the amino group may ionize to form a cation ...
... Peptide bonds result when the amino group of one amino acid bonds with the central carbon of a neighboring amino acid Properties of amino acid are determined by the physical properties of the R-group In biological systems, the amino group may ionize to form a cation ...
6. Respiration - WordPress.com
... The pH in the intermembrane space is lower than in the mitochondrial matrix and is lower in the thylakoid spaces than in the stroma. Protons can lower the pH of a solution, thus showing that protons are of higher concentration in the intermembrane spaces. When isolated chloroplasts are illuminated, ...
... The pH in the intermembrane space is lower than in the mitochondrial matrix and is lower in the thylakoid spaces than in the stroma. Protons can lower the pH of a solution, thus showing that protons are of higher concentration in the intermembrane spaces. When isolated chloroplasts are illuminated, ...
Midterm Exam Note: Before beginning, please scan the entire exam
... produced per mole of glucose in cellular respiration by oxidative phosphorylation? A) 2 B) 4 C) 20 D) 34 E) 38 The questions below are based on the stages of glucose oxidation listed below. A. stage I: glycolysis B. stage II: oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA C. stage III: Krebs cycle D. stage IV: ...
... produced per mole of glucose in cellular respiration by oxidative phosphorylation? A) 2 B) 4 C) 20 D) 34 E) 38 The questions below are based on the stages of glucose oxidation listed below. A. stage I: glycolysis B. stage II: oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA C. stage III: Krebs cycle D. stage IV: ...
Atomic Structure 1. Historical perspective of the model of the atom a
... a.) In 1803, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory which stated that all matter is made of atoms, atoms of the same type of element have the same chemical properties, compounds are formed by two or more different types of atoms, and that a chemical reaction involves either, joining, separating, or ...
... a.) In 1803, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory which stated that all matter is made of atoms, atoms of the same type of element have the same chemical properties, compounds are formed by two or more different types of atoms, and that a chemical reaction involves either, joining, separating, or ...
EnviroRegulationofMicrobialMetabolism-rev
... combines with coA; this is added to oxaloacetate to yield citrate; series of dehydrations, decarboxylations, and oxidations regenerates oxaloacetate with CO2 released (ii.) generation of 4 NADH + FADH + GTP (D.) link between catabolism and anabolism ...
... combines with coA; this is added to oxaloacetate to yield citrate; series of dehydrations, decarboxylations, and oxidations regenerates oxaloacetate with CO2 released (ii.) generation of 4 NADH + FADH + GTP (D.) link between catabolism and anabolism ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint1
... Is the first step of cellular respiration It is an anaerobic process which means that it does not require oxygen to proceed Requires an input of energy (ATP) Occurs in the cytoplasm Is the splitting of sugar (glucose) Releases only a small amount of energy but the process is fast; can produce thousa ...
... Is the first step of cellular respiration It is an anaerobic process which means that it does not require oxygen to proceed Requires an input of energy (ATP) Occurs in the cytoplasm Is the splitting of sugar (glucose) Releases only a small amount of energy but the process is fast; can produce thousa ...
9 and 10 notes with blanks
... These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps ...
... These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps ...
Title - Iowa State University
... 2.) The structural level of a protein in which alpha helixes and beta sheets form are in the A. Primary level B. Secondary level C. Tertiary level D. Quaternary level 3.) Facilitated diffusion transport A. requires membrane channel or carrier protein. B. requires ATP hydrolysis. C. requires H+ cotra ...
... 2.) The structural level of a protein in which alpha helixes and beta sheets form are in the A. Primary level B. Secondary level C. Tertiary level D. Quaternary level 3.) Facilitated diffusion transport A. requires membrane channel or carrier protein. B. requires ATP hydrolysis. C. requires H+ cotra ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose is oxidized, oxygen is reduced, and electrons loose potential energy. Cellular respiration does not oxidize glucose in a single step that transfers all the hydrogen in the fuel to oxygen at one time. Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down gradually in a ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose is oxidized, oxygen is reduced, and electrons loose potential energy. Cellular respiration does not oxidize glucose in a single step that transfers all the hydrogen in the fuel to oxygen at one time. Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down gradually in a ...
Chapter 15 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... Regulation of Amino Acids catabolism in TCA Cycle Entering TCA cycle of amino acids via -ketoglutarate and succinyl-CoA has no apparent regulation site during their conversion to oxaloacetate. : Since oxaloacetate can not go further without acetyl-CoA, pyruvate dehydrogenase will be responsible for ...
... Regulation of Amino Acids catabolism in TCA Cycle Entering TCA cycle of amino acids via -ketoglutarate and succinyl-CoA has no apparent regulation site during their conversion to oxaloacetate. : Since oxaloacetate can not go further without acetyl-CoA, pyruvate dehydrogenase will be responsible for ...
Study guide exam 1
... 27. List three factors that affect enzyme activity. 28. What are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors? 29. What are oxidation – reduction reactions? 30. What are the differences between catabolism and anabolism? 31. List three main ways that ATP is generated by. 32. What is carbohydrate metabo ...
... 27. List three factors that affect enzyme activity. 28. What are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors? 29. What are oxidation – reduction reactions? 30. What are the differences between catabolism and anabolism? 31. List three main ways that ATP is generated by. 32. What is carbohydrate metabo ...
I. B. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) powers cellular work 1. ATP
... • pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into lactic acid and 2 ATP – occurs in some fungi, bacteria, and animal muscle cells that have depleted stores of oxygen – used to produce yogurt and cheeses – in humans, cells must switch from cellular respiration to lactic acid fermentation when no oxygen is ...
... • pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into lactic acid and 2 ATP – occurs in some fungi, bacteria, and animal muscle cells that have depleted stores of oxygen – used to produce yogurt and cheeses – in humans, cells must switch from cellular respiration to lactic acid fermentation when no oxygen is ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... Glycolysis speeds up in the presence of oxygen since more ATP is produced under anaerobic conditions than in aerobic conditions. Glycolysis is slowed down in the presence of oxygen since more ATP is produced under aerobic conditions than in anaerobic conditions. The presence of oxygen does not effec ...
... Glycolysis speeds up in the presence of oxygen since more ATP is produced under anaerobic conditions than in aerobic conditions. Glycolysis is slowed down in the presence of oxygen since more ATP is produced under aerobic conditions than in anaerobic conditions. The presence of oxygen does not effec ...
anaerobic respiration
... Your “Metabolism” When food is broken down, energetic electrons are released. NADH catches the electrons. NADH releases the electrons so that ATP can be made. Metabolism is all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformation ...
... Your “Metabolism” When food is broken down, energetic electrons are released. NADH catches the electrons. NADH releases the electrons so that ATP can be made. Metabolism is all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformation ...
Biology 2107/03
... For each cycle in its mechanism, it transports three sodium ions (Na+) into the cell, two potassium ions (K+) out of the cell, and hydrolyzes one ATP molecule. For each cycle in its mechanism, it transports three sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell, two potassium ions (K+) into of the cell, and hydrol ...
... For each cycle in its mechanism, it transports three sodium ions (Na+) into the cell, two potassium ions (K+) out of the cell, and hydrolyzes one ATP molecule. For each cycle in its mechanism, it transports three sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell, two potassium ions (K+) into of the cell, and hydrol ...
Slide 1
... intermediates in the citric acid cycle). The final stage of catabolism is the aerobic combustion of the acetyl groups of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce CO2 and H20. As will be discussed in lecture 27, oxidation of acetyl CoA generates most of the energy ...
... intermediates in the citric acid cycle). The final stage of catabolism is the aerobic combustion of the acetyl groups of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce CO2 and H20. As will be discussed in lecture 27, oxidation of acetyl CoA generates most of the energy ...
Energy Metabolism
... Net ATP: 4 + 30 + 4 – 2 (transport of NADH from glycolysis) = 36 ATP Reality: NADH 2.5 ATP, FADH2 1.5 ATP Net ATP: 4 + 25 + 3 – 2 = 30 ATP ...
... Net ATP: 4 + 30 + 4 – 2 (transport of NADH from glycolysis) = 36 ATP Reality: NADH 2.5 ATP, FADH2 1.5 ATP Net ATP: 4 + 25 + 3 – 2 = 30 ATP ...
Energy Metabolism
... Net ATP: 4 + 30 + 4 – 2 (transport of NADH from glycolysis) = 36 ATP Reality: NADH 2.5 ATP, FADH2 1.5 ATP Net ATP: 4 + 25 + 3 – 2 = 30 ATP ...
... Net ATP: 4 + 30 + 4 – 2 (transport of NADH from glycolysis) = 36 ATP Reality: NADH 2.5 ATP, FADH2 1.5 ATP Net ATP: 4 + 25 + 3 – 2 = 30 ATP ...
Fact File 6
... 7. Interferon is a natural product of animal cell which protects – Human and bird cell against variety of viruses. 8. Plasma membrane of animal cell is composed of – Lipids, proteins, and oligosaccharides. 9. Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase are located in the – Mitochondrial inner memb ...
... 7. Interferon is a natural product of animal cell which protects – Human and bird cell against variety of viruses. 8. Plasma membrane of animal cell is composed of – Lipids, proteins, and oligosaccharides. 9. Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase are located in the – Mitochondrial inner memb ...
Lecture 11: Take your Vitamins! Enzyme Cofactors Reference
... 4. For each cofactor example given in the slides, name the functional part of the molecule (the “business end”) and the type of reaction it participates in (also named in Table 7-1). A. Metabolite Cofactors: Molecules that are produced by metabolic pathways that are used by other enzymes to carry o ...
... 4. For each cofactor example given in the slides, name the functional part of the molecule (the “business end”) and the type of reaction it participates in (also named in Table 7-1). A. Metabolite Cofactors: Molecules that are produced by metabolic pathways that are used by other enzymes to carry o ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.