Plasma Membrane
... A. They can act as a channel, allowing the transport of ions across the membrane. B. They often require ATP to actively transport materials across the membrane against a concentration gradient. C. They may be receptor proteins that bind specific molecules from the surrounding solution, which trigger ...
... A. They can act as a channel, allowing the transport of ions across the membrane. B. They often require ATP to actively transport materials across the membrane against a concentration gradient. C. They may be receptor proteins that bind specific molecules from the surrounding solution, which trigger ...
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle)
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY: CELLULAR
... Complex I electron carriers pick up electrons from NADH. Complex II electron carriers pick up electrons from FADH2. Cytochrome a3 transfers the electrons to oxygen. a. Four protons are also transferred to oxygen, and two water molecules are the final product of electron transport. b. Cyanide poison ...
... Complex I electron carriers pick up electrons from NADH. Complex II electron carriers pick up electrons from FADH2. Cytochrome a3 transfers the electrons to oxygen. a. Four protons are also transferred to oxygen, and two water molecules are the final product of electron transport. b. Cyanide poison ...
Name__________________________________ Date Pd _____
... The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________________________ matrix and generates a pool of chemical energy (_____________, _______________, and _________________) from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. Answer the following questions by using the diagram below: ...
... The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________________________ matrix and generates a pool of chemical energy (_____________, _______________, and _________________) from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. Answer the following questions by using the diagram below: ...
Outline - Utexas
... Krebs cycle and electron transport Electron transport systems and ATP synthases are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... Krebs cycle and electron transport Electron transport systems and ATP synthases are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1 Photosynthesis and Respiration
... **one turn for each 2 carbon subunit that feeds into Krebs. So far, 6 CO2 released—accounts for ALL carbons ...
... **one turn for each 2 carbon subunit that feeds into Krebs. So far, 6 CO2 released—accounts for ALL carbons ...
2 ATP - Hobbs High School
... • Krebs Cycle - Has Three segments 1. Acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate → 6-carbon citrate molecule 2. Citrate rearrangement and decarboxylation • reduces citrate to a 5-carbon intermediate and then to a 4-carbon ...
... • Krebs Cycle - Has Three segments 1. Acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate → 6-carbon citrate molecule 2. Citrate rearrangement and decarboxylation • reduces citrate to a 5-carbon intermediate and then to a 4-carbon ...
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA
... This is an overview of the relevant metabolic processes going on in the mitochondria. We have produced NADH Via glycolysis and citric acid cycle, which will be used for oxidative phosphorylation for a very much larger payoff in ATP ( on Wednesday). Here for the first time, you can see why we bre ...
... This is an overview of the relevant metabolic processes going on in the mitochondria. We have produced NADH Via glycolysis and citric acid cycle, which will be used for oxidative phosphorylation for a very much larger payoff in ATP ( on Wednesday). Here for the first time, you can see why we bre ...
Exam 3 - Chemistry Courses: About
... C. ____________All of the irreversible reactions of glycolysis are catalyzed by kinases. D. ____________ In glycolysis, the chemical purpose of isomerizing glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is to allow an oxidation to take place in the next step. E. ____________ Fermentation reactions occu ...
... C. ____________All of the irreversible reactions of glycolysis are catalyzed by kinases. D. ____________ In glycolysis, the chemical purpose of isomerizing glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is to allow an oxidation to take place in the next step. E. ____________ Fermentation reactions occu ...
Slide 1 - MisterSyracuse.com
... 28. Why don’t plant cells have to worry about exploding in a hypotonic environment? ...
... 28. Why don’t plant cells have to worry about exploding in a hypotonic environment? ...
Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 3 of 61
... Describe how ATP is made in cellular respiration. Identify the role of fermentation in cellular respiration. Evaluate the importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. ...
... Describe how ATP is made in cellular respiration. Identify the role of fermentation in cellular respiration. Evaluate the importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. ...
Study Guide Responses
... Water-accounts for over 60% of the body weight, and provides the basis for various body fluids. Appropriate body temperature-when too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional. Appropriate atmospheric pressure�the force exerted ...
... Water-accounts for over 60% of the body weight, and provides the basis for various body fluids. Appropriate body temperature-when too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional. Appropriate atmospheric pressure�the force exerted ...
energy & cellular respiration
... from matrix to intermembrane space • Protons then diffuse back into matrix through ATP synthase complexes - this powers ATP generation • H+ move one by one into binding sites of the proteins causing a rotation ...
... from matrix to intermembrane space • Protons then diffuse back into matrix through ATP synthase complexes - this powers ATP generation • H+ move one by one into binding sites of the proteins causing a rotation ...
Cellular Respiration
... The Citric Acid Cycle Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria Acetyl CoA enters the cycle and is completely broken down into CO2 Cycle occurs once for each CoA molecule A total of 1 ATP, 3NADH, and 1 FADH2 are produced for each turn 2 molecules of CO2 is released as waste per turn ...
... The Citric Acid Cycle Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria Acetyl CoA enters the cycle and is completely broken down into CO2 Cycle occurs once for each CoA molecule A total of 1 ATP, 3NADH, and 1 FADH2 are produced for each turn 2 molecules of CO2 is released as waste per turn ...
Quiz Section 4.1 ATP and Energy
... A. Three phosphate groups are added to ADP. B. One phosphate group is removed from ADP. C. One phosphate group is added to ADP, which requires the cell to expend additional energy. D. One phosphate group is added to ADP but no extra energy is required. ...
... A. Three phosphate groups are added to ADP. B. One phosphate group is removed from ADP. C. One phosphate group is added to ADP, which requires the cell to expend additional energy. D. One phosphate group is added to ADP but no extra energy is required. ...
Biochemistry Notes Powerpoint presentation
... 1. They are proteins which have a definite shape which determines who they will link up with. 2. Enzymes link up with specific molecules called substrate. (the material acted upon by enzymes) ...
... 1. They are proteins which have a definite shape which determines who they will link up with. 2. Enzymes link up with specific molecules called substrate. (the material acted upon by enzymes) ...
Chapter 9 Presentation
... and the Electron Transport Chain • Reduced NAD and FAD carry the electrons to the ETC. • The ETC moves the electrons “downhill” to oxygen. • The binding of the free protons to oxygen maintains the hydrogen gradient and generates water. ...
... and the Electron Transport Chain • Reduced NAD and FAD carry the electrons to the ETC. • The ETC moves the electrons “downhill” to oxygen. • The binding of the free protons to oxygen maintains the hydrogen gradient and generates water. ...
Sample exam 1
... 6. The pyrrole rings of heme each contain nitrogen atoms. What molecule provides that nitrogen during the synthesis of heme in liver cells? a. Carbamoyl phosphate. b. Cobalamin. c. Glycine. d. Succinyl CoA. e. Valine. 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bila ...
... 6. The pyrrole rings of heme each contain nitrogen atoms. What molecule provides that nitrogen during the synthesis of heme in liver cells? a. Carbamoyl phosphate. b. Cobalamin. c. Glycine. d. Succinyl CoA. e. Valine. 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bila ...
aerobic respiration
... 1. Cellular respiration is the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds. 2. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid. 3. Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic pathway in which pyruvic acid is conver ...
... 1. Cellular respiration is the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds. 2. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid. 3. Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic pathway in which pyruvic acid is conver ...
Name 1 Bio 451 17th November 2000 EXAM III KEY
... There are two shuttle systems by which NADH reducing equivalents (produced in the cytosol) can be transferred into the matrix of the mitochondrion and enter the electron transport system. How is it that NADH that participates in the glycerophosphate shuttle ultimately produces less ATP than NADH tha ...
... There are two shuttle systems by which NADH reducing equivalents (produced in the cytosol) can be transferred into the matrix of the mitochondrion and enter the electron transport system. How is it that NADH that participates in the glycerophosphate shuttle ultimately produces less ATP than NADH tha ...
Physiology for Coaches
... enzyme A which can enter Krebs Cycle • Proteins can be broken down into amino acids which can be converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis), pyuvate and various Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
... enzyme A which can enter Krebs Cycle • Proteins can be broken down into amino acids which can be converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis), pyuvate and various Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
General Biology 115 Summer 2014
... Oxygen cannot be reduced Electrons cannot flow to Complex III Less H+ will be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane B&C A, B & C ...
... Oxygen cannot be reduced Electrons cannot flow to Complex III Less H+ will be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane B&C A, B & C ...
Chapter 9: The Need for Energy
... The process by which mitochondria break down glucose to make ATP Two types o Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen and carried out by plants, animals, and some bacteria o Anaerobic respiration: requires no oxygen and carried out by yeast, some bacteria, and sometimes animals Chemical equation for ...
... The process by which mitochondria break down glucose to make ATP Two types o Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen and carried out by plants, animals, and some bacteria o Anaerobic respiration: requires no oxygen and carried out by yeast, some bacteria, and sometimes animals Chemical equation for ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.