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File - Mr. Holz`s Website
... 14. Know that enzymes are the catalysts in living cells. 15. Know the 4 main properties of enzymes: a. They are proteins b. They bind to specific substrates at the ACTIVE SITE like a lock and key c. Enzymes remain unchanged after a reaction, so they can continue doing their job (1 enzyme can bind to ...
... 14. Know that enzymes are the catalysts in living cells. 15. Know the 4 main properties of enzymes: a. They are proteins b. They bind to specific substrates at the ACTIVE SITE like a lock and key c. Enzymes remain unchanged after a reaction, so they can continue doing their job (1 enzyme can bind to ...
Energy Metabolism - 35-206-202
... • Explain the differences among metabolism, catabolism and anabolism • Describe aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose • Illustrate how energy is extracted from glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and alcohol using metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, beta oxidation, the citric acid cycle, an ...
... • Explain the differences among metabolism, catabolism and anabolism • Describe aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose • Illustrate how energy is extracted from glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and alcohol using metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, beta oxidation, the citric acid cycle, an ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The electrons of H+s (of FADH2 and NADH) are transferred from one membrane carrier to another membrane carrier (Cytochromes) • The electrons lose energy as they are transferred (like hot potato) • This energy drives membrane pumps involved with Chemiosmosis ...
... • The electrons of H+s (of FADH2 and NADH) are transferred from one membrane carrier to another membrane carrier (Cytochromes) • The electrons lose energy as they are transferred (like hot potato) • This energy drives membrane pumps involved with Chemiosmosis ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
... rotary mechanical motor. Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and possibly aging (senescence). The enzymes ...
... rotary mechanical motor. Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and possibly aging (senescence). The enzymes ...
RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... • No oxygen required • Products: – 2 ATP (net) – 2 NADH – 2 pyruvate (3 carbon) ...
... • No oxygen required • Products: – 2 ATP (net) – 2 NADH – 2 pyruvate (3 carbon) ...
Name: Date: Per: ______ EXAM STUDY GUIDE
... 12. What is the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration. ...
... 12. What is the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration. ...
2008 CELL BIOLOGY – TRAINING HANDOUT
... starch, and other end products. It is the main pathway by which energy and carbon enter the food webs. Cellular Respiration - Organic substances are broken down to simpler products with the release of energy which is incorporated into special energy-carrying molecules (ATP) and is eventually used fo ...
... starch, and other end products. It is the main pathway by which energy and carbon enter the food webs. Cellular Respiration - Organic substances are broken down to simpler products with the release of energy which is incorporated into special energy-carrying molecules (ATP) and is eventually used fo ...
1 BIOCHEMISTRY All organic compounds must contain and Are the
... b) One enzyme can facilitate the reaction of many different substrates c) Enzymes are not required for spontaneous reactions d) Not all catalysts are enzymes e) The active site of an enzyme will denature at high temperatures 4) What are the components of nucleotides? a) Glycerols, fatty acids and ph ...
... b) One enzyme can facilitate the reaction of many different substrates c) Enzymes are not required for spontaneous reactions d) Not all catalysts are enzymes e) The active site of an enzyme will denature at high temperatures 4) What are the components of nucleotides? a) Glycerols, fatty acids and ph ...
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
... the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell? A cell whose ...
... the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell? A cell whose ...
6O2 + C6H12O6 ------------------------
... 2. Oxygen forms bonds with H+ ions which makes _______________. 3. Describe the importance of NADH and FADH2 in making ATP? (minimum of 4 to 5 sentences) RSQ and use the terms, hydrogen, electrons, concentration gradient, mitochondria, ATP synthase, ADP, ATP ...
... 2. Oxygen forms bonds with H+ ions which makes _______________. 3. Describe the importance of NADH and FADH2 in making ATP? (minimum of 4 to 5 sentences) RSQ and use the terms, hydrogen, electrons, concentration gradient, mitochondria, ATP synthase, ADP, ATP ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-7 Energy Release and Conservation
... Catabolism: larger and complex molecules are broken down into smaller and simpler molecules with the release of energy, some of this energy is trapped and made available for work , the remainder is released as heat. Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler one with the input of energy ...
... Catabolism: larger and complex molecules are broken down into smaller and simpler molecules with the release of energy, some of this energy is trapped and made available for work , the remainder is released as heat. Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler one with the input of energy ...
Lecture 19 TCA Cycle 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl
... 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA which is a precursor for TCA cycle? Answer: The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. Fir ...
... 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA which is a precursor for TCA cycle? Answer: The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. Fir ...
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards
... 48) What does oxidation mean? 49) When succinic acid loses two H+ atoms, what is succinic acid changed into? 50) When a substance is oxidized (loses H+ atoms), where do the H+ atoms go? 51) What reducing agent accepts the H+ from succinic acid? 52) What is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)? 53) In o ...
... 48) What does oxidation mean? 49) When succinic acid loses two H+ atoms, what is succinic acid changed into? 50) When a substance is oxidized (loses H+ atoms), where do the H+ atoms go? 51) What reducing agent accepts the H+ from succinic acid? 52) What is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)? 53) In o ...
4.3 The Light Reactions
... 4.4 The Calvin Cycle 1. CO2 combines with a 5 carbon phosphatesugar, called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). This is called carbon fixation because carbon dioxide gas is “fixed” into an organic molcule. This produces an unstable 6 carbon molecule, which instantly breaks down into two 3 carbon ...
... 4.4 The Calvin Cycle 1. CO2 combines with a 5 carbon phosphatesugar, called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). This is called carbon fixation because carbon dioxide gas is “fixed” into an organic molcule. This produces an unstable 6 carbon molecule, which instantly breaks down into two 3 carbon ...
File
... 27. An organism cannot survive without catabolic pathways because A) the excess free energy causes instability ...
... 27. An organism cannot survive without catabolic pathways because A) the excess free energy causes instability ...
NME2.26 - Introduction to Metabolic Pathways
... Energy is stored in the body mainly as fats and glycogen Fat is the major energy store of the body making up more than 7kg total body weight o Mainly stored in adipocytes as triglycerides o High calorific content – 5 times more energy efficient than carbohydrates o Water-insoluble – does not require ...
... Energy is stored in the body mainly as fats and glycogen Fat is the major energy store of the body making up more than 7kg total body weight o Mainly stored in adipocytes as triglycerides o High calorific content – 5 times more energy efficient than carbohydrates o Water-insoluble – does not require ...
Week 6 Pre-Lecture Slides
... How does diversification of metabolic output improve fitness for an organism? ...
... How does diversification of metabolic output improve fitness for an organism? ...
notes - is234
... Cellular respiration is the process used by humans and most other organisms to release the energy stored in the food they consume. ...
... Cellular respiration is the process used by humans and most other organisms to release the energy stored in the food they consume. ...
Cellular Energy Foldable Instructions and Content
... Where: 1. What organism(s) do the process of cellular respiration? 2. What organelle does cellular respiration take place in? 3. Include the picture provided by Mrs. Fletcher. Purpose: Use any resources available to you to describe the purpose of cellular respiration. Does this reaction store or rel ...
... Where: 1. What organism(s) do the process of cellular respiration? 2. What organelle does cellular respiration take place in? 3. Include the picture provided by Mrs. Fletcher. Purpose: Use any resources available to you to describe the purpose of cellular respiration. Does this reaction store or rel ...
6.8-6.10 Citric acid cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
... and travel down the electron transport chain to O2. – ETC is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... and travel down the electron transport chain to O2. – ETC is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY ! membranes are highly impermeable
... solutes flow rapidly by diffusion ! always move from high c to low c (down gradient) ! transport rate # substrate concentration, not saturable ! ΔG !ve, spontaneous, no energy required ! animal cells have many ion channels; highly selective, only let specific ions pass through ! channels open and cl ...
... solutes flow rapidly by diffusion ! always move from high c to low c (down gradient) ! transport rate # substrate concentration, not saturable ! ΔG !ve, spontaneous, no energy required ! animal cells have many ion channels; highly selective, only let specific ions pass through ! channels open and cl ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.