7-cellular-respiration
... from either the breakdown of starch or glycogen. Other sugars can be used as these can produce glucose or other intermediates. Proteins form amino acids when broken down. Deamination in the liver produces molecules that can be used either in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle as respiratory sub ...
... from either the breakdown of starch or glycogen. Other sugars can be used as these can produce glucose or other intermediates. Proteins form amino acids when broken down. Deamination in the liver produces molecules that can be used either in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle as respiratory sub ...
Photosynthesis
... • Uses Photosystem II and Photosystem I • P680 reaction center (PSII) chlorophyll a • P700 reaction center (PS I) chlorophyll a • Uses Electron Transport Chain ...
... • Uses Photosystem II and Photosystem I • P680 reaction center (PSII) chlorophyll a • P700 reaction center (PS I) chlorophyll a • Uses Electron Transport Chain ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... • opposite of all solvent other known • Adhesion- sticks to materials other materials • Cohesion- sticks to materials like itself ...
... • opposite of all solvent other known • Adhesion- sticks to materials other materials • Cohesion- sticks to materials like itself ...
biochemistry - SchoolNotes.com
... • The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL FACTORY containing some of the same elements found in the nonliving ...
... • The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL FACTORY containing some of the same elements found in the nonliving ...
WS on obj. 1-11
... 30. _____________________________________ are neutral groups of atoms that act as a unit. 31. _____ (T/F) Molecular formulas show the number and kinds of atoms present in an ionic compound. 32. _____ (T/F)Molecular compounds are composed of a metal and a nonmetal. 33. Identify the following substanc ...
... 30. _____________________________________ are neutral groups of atoms that act as a unit. 31. _____ (T/F) Molecular formulas show the number and kinds of atoms present in an ionic compound. 32. _____ (T/F)Molecular compounds are composed of a metal and a nonmetal. 33. Identify the following substanc ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... membrane (cristae) NADH and FADH2 pass e- down chain of coenzymes in membrane (like hot potato) ...
... membrane (cristae) NADH and FADH2 pass e- down chain of coenzymes in membrane (like hot potato) ...
BIO 101
... d. In animals, explain what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is present. Be specific and thorough. e. In animals, explain what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is not present. Be specific and thorough. 21. Explain the importance of the reaction converting pyruvate to lactate. ...
... d. In animals, explain what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is present. Be specific and thorough. e. In animals, explain what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is not present. Be specific and thorough. 21. Explain the importance of the reaction converting pyruvate to lactate. ...
Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a
... membrane of the mitochondrion. The folding of the membrane increases its surface area, providing space for thousands of copies of the chain in each mitochondrion. c. In the electron transport chain, the electrons move from molecule to molecule until they combine with molecular oxygen and hydrogen io ...
... membrane of the mitochondrion. The folding of the membrane increases its surface area, providing space for thousands of copies of the chain in each mitochondrion. c. In the electron transport chain, the electrons move from molecule to molecule until they combine with molecular oxygen and hydrogen io ...
Directed Reading
... because cells can “spend it” in order to carry out cellular processes that require energy. 13. Energy is released from an ATP molecule when a phosphate group is removed from the molecule, forming an ADP molecule. 14. Many of the chemical reactions of metabolism require energy. The breakdown of ATP i ...
... because cells can “spend it” in order to carry out cellular processes that require energy. 13. Energy is released from an ATP molecule when a phosphate group is removed from the molecule, forming an ADP molecule. 14. Many of the chemical reactions of metabolism require energy. The breakdown of ATP i ...
ch4 reading guide
... 1. The three main parts of an ATP molecule are ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. The third phosphate of ATP is attached by a ____________________________ 3. When the terminal phosphate bond of ATP is broken, ____________________ is rele ...
... 1. The three main parts of an ATP molecule are ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. The third phosphate of ATP is attached by a ____________________________ 3. When the terminal phosphate bond of ATP is broken, ____________________ is rele ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... across the inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae to the intermembrane space Proton pump pumps hydrogen ions creates H+ gradient or proton gradient This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come ba ...
... across the inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae to the intermembrane space Proton pump pumps hydrogen ions creates H+ gradient or proton gradient This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come ba ...
cellular-respiration-notes-2016
... compressing a spring. The tightly coiled spring has potential energy. When the compressed spring relaxes, its potential energy is released. The spring's kinetic energy can be used to perform work such as pushing a block attached to one end of the spring. The phosphate bonds are symbolized by springs ...
... compressing a spring. The tightly coiled spring has potential energy. When the compressed spring relaxes, its potential energy is released. The spring's kinetic energy can be used to perform work such as pushing a block attached to one end of the spring. The phosphate bonds are symbolized by springs ...
4 ATP - OoCities
... - 2 carbons of acetyl group come off as CO2 - 9 more intermediate reactions for every cycle - acetyl group results from transition reaction undergoes oxidation by removal of H atoms as 2 CO2 molecules are given off - 2 cycles for each glucose molecules Two Molecules of Acetyl-CoA Yield: 2 ATP (cell) ...
... - 2 carbons of acetyl group come off as CO2 - 9 more intermediate reactions for every cycle - acetyl group results from transition reaction undergoes oxidation by removal of H atoms as 2 CO2 molecules are given off - 2 cycles for each glucose molecules Two Molecules of Acetyl-CoA Yield: 2 ATP (cell) ...
Respiration - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
... 1. Glyco lysis (sugar breaking) 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ...
... 1. Glyco lysis (sugar breaking) 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ...
Lecture 23 – SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: G
... Identify the characteristics of the chemiosmotic model that relates to oxidative phosphorylation impermeable inner membrane pH gradient across inner membrane asymmetry of membrane components destroying proton gradient (uncoupling) - stops ATP synthesis (or increases oxygen consumption inhibiting res ...
... Identify the characteristics of the chemiosmotic model that relates to oxidative phosphorylation impermeable inner membrane pH gradient across inner membrane asymmetry of membrane components destroying proton gradient (uncoupling) - stops ATP synthesis (or increases oxygen consumption inhibiting res ...
high energy bond
... Breakdown of larger molecules Products are small molecules Glycolysis, citric acid cycle Mediated by enzymes E released (exergonic) ...
... Breakdown of larger molecules Products are small molecules Glycolysis, citric acid cycle Mediated by enzymes E released (exergonic) ...
L10v02b_-_citric_acid_cycle.stamped_doc
... hydrogen atom is manifested in the fact that the positively charged nitrogen here is now neutral and will stay so until a hydride ion is again lost when we do oxidative phosphorylation. You don't need to remember these structures. [00:03:14.14] Here's FADH2. In this case, we still have the ADP basic ...
... hydrogen atom is manifested in the fact that the positively charged nitrogen here is now neutral and will stay so until a hydride ion is again lost when we do oxidative phosphorylation. You don't need to remember these structures. [00:03:14.14] Here's FADH2. In this case, we still have the ADP basic ...
(B) Where CO 2
... formed is from oxidative phosphorylation, ATP yield in respiration needs a supply of O2. Since O2 “pulls” electrons down the ETC then if there is not enough Oxygen the ETC will stop (and stop ATP formation). FERMENTATION - is a process that some cells can use to oxidize food and make ATP without the ...
... formed is from oxidative phosphorylation, ATP yield in respiration needs a supply of O2. Since O2 “pulls” electrons down the ETC then if there is not enough Oxygen the ETC will stop (and stop ATP formation). FERMENTATION - is a process that some cells can use to oxidize food and make ATP without the ...
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes What is a chemical reaction?
... • Describe what enzymes “do” using the graph below: ...
... • Describe what enzymes “do” using the graph below: ...
Unit 1 - Review Sheet 2010 IB
... and b, to obtain energy from the sun. Describe the action of Photosystem I and II in relation to the light dependent reaction. 4. Describe how the products of the light dependent reaction contribute to the lightindependent reaction. 5. Illustrate the internal structure of a chloroplast and indicate ...
... and b, to obtain energy from the sun. Describe the action of Photosystem I and II in relation to the light dependent reaction. 4. Describe how the products of the light dependent reaction contribute to the lightindependent reaction. 5. Illustrate the internal structure of a chloroplast and indicate ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.