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Cellular respiration guided notes completed
... The fluid matrix in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion contains the enzymes for the ...
... The fluid matrix in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion contains the enzymes for the ...
biology 422 - TeacherWeb
... 11. What type of molecule is NAD+ and what is its role? 12. What, if any, changes occur in the pathway of glycolysis in the absence of oxygen? 13. How does fermentation allow glycolysis to occur when oxygen is not present? ...
... 11. What type of molecule is NAD+ and what is its role? 12. What, if any, changes occur in the pathway of glycolysis in the absence of oxygen? 13. How does fermentation allow glycolysis to occur when oxygen is not present? ...
Pg. ___ 4/28 Daily Catalyst
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
Document
... 1. Hydrogen ion “flow” down their gradient back into the inner compartment through ATP Synthase. 2. As they flow through the enzyme, it rotates (like a generator), and combines ADP + P (a phosphate group) and forms ATP! 3. The SPEED of the flow, POWERS the “recharging” of the ATP “battery”! ...
... 1. Hydrogen ion “flow” down their gradient back into the inner compartment through ATP Synthase. 2. As they flow through the enzyme, it rotates (like a generator), and combines ADP + P (a phosphate group) and forms ATP! 3. The SPEED of the flow, POWERS the “recharging” of the ATP “battery”! ...
Chapter Nine
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
CHAPTER 9
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
File
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
chapter 9
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
... 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. 13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular respiration. 14. Distinguish between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 15. In general terms, explain how the e ...
Respiration and Lipid Metabolism Aerobic
... Outside membrane Oxidize NADH & NADPH Inside membrane Oxidize NADH & NADPH Rotenone resistant pathway for NADH oxidation ...
... Outside membrane Oxidize NADH & NADPH Inside membrane Oxidize NADH & NADPH Rotenone resistant pathway for NADH oxidation ...
Semester Exam Review Guide
... a. Electron cloud model b. Bohr’s model c. Democritus model d. John Dalton model ...
... a. Electron cloud model b. Bohr’s model c. Democritus model d. John Dalton model ...
Galvanic Cells
... Step 4: Here, we see that the reaction is bit more complex in that two products are formed and can interconvert with positive G. The fact that glyceraldehyde is consumed in subsequent reactions drives its concentration to sufficiently low levels; which makes the interconversion thermodynamically fa ...
... Step 4: Here, we see that the reaction is bit more complex in that two products are formed and can interconvert with positive G. The fact that glyceraldehyde is consumed in subsequent reactions drives its concentration to sufficiently low levels; which makes the interconversion thermodynamically fa ...
A1989T761300002
... an intriguing thermodynamic problem to be solved: C. kluyveri obtains energy for growth from a fermentation whose associated free-energy change is small relative to that required for the synthesis of 1 mol ATP. The mechanism of energy conservation, therefore, must be such as to allow fractional stoi ...
... an intriguing thermodynamic problem to be solved: C. kluyveri obtains energy for growth from a fermentation whose associated free-energy change is small relative to that required for the synthesis of 1 mol ATP. The mechanism of energy conservation, therefore, must be such as to allow fractional stoi ...
1 Confusion from last week: Purines and Pyrimidines
... Adequate -G must be coupled to reactions that don't occur spontaneously (most of biology). – Too little energy, and necessary reactions don't occur – Too much energy, and bonds inside important molecules (e.g. proteins) can be disrupted, doing damage. ...
... Adequate -G must be coupled to reactions that don't occur spontaneously (most of biology). – Too little energy, and necessary reactions don't occur – Too much energy, and bonds inside important molecules (e.g. proteins) can be disrupted, doing damage. ...
Lecture 16
... from the removal of a hydrogen atom with its electron, not just the proton AH2 and A together constitute a conjugate redox pair that can reduce another compound, B, or redox pair (B/BH2) by transfer of hydrogen atoms: AH2 + B A + BH2 ...
... from the removal of a hydrogen atom with its electron, not just the proton AH2 and A together constitute a conjugate redox pair that can reduce another compound, B, or redox pair (B/BH2) by transfer of hydrogen atoms: AH2 + B A + BH2 ...
Ch. 4 Outline
... D. If oxygen is not available: 1. Electron transport system cannot accept new electrons from NADH 2. Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid 3. Glycolysis is inhibited 4. ATP production is less than in aerobic reactions Aerobic Reactions A. If oxygen is available: 1. Pyruvic acid is used to produce ...
... D. If oxygen is not available: 1. Electron transport system cannot accept new electrons from NADH 2. Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid 3. Glycolysis is inhibited 4. ATP production is less than in aerobic reactions Aerobic Reactions A. If oxygen is available: 1. Pyruvic acid is used to produce ...
Glycolysis - Fairfield Public Schools
... Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels The breakdown of organic molecules is ...
... Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels The breakdown of organic molecules is ...
Lecture DONE exam 1A MP
... 26. You add pyruvate to a bacterium and the pyruvate becomes completely oxidized. Select the best answer that describes the metabolic yield from one molecule of pyruvate. Be sure to include all ATP from oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation in your answer. A) 3 (NADH + H+), 1 ...
... 26. You add pyruvate to a bacterium and the pyruvate becomes completely oxidized. Select the best answer that describes the metabolic yield from one molecule of pyruvate. Be sure to include all ATP from oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation in your answer. A) 3 (NADH + H+), 1 ...
The molecular machinery of Keilin`s respiratory chain
... FMN and has the NADH-binding site and also houses one of the Fe4 S4 centres, N3. It is associated with a 24 kDa subunit, likely to contain the Fe2 S2 centre N1b, and a 75 kDa subunit, which probably contains three or four iron– sulphur centres. These three subunits have homology with the NADH oxidor ...
... FMN and has the NADH-binding site and also houses one of the Fe4 S4 centres, N3. It is associated with a 24 kDa subunit, likely to contain the Fe2 S2 centre N1b, and a 75 kDa subunit, which probably contains three or four iron– sulphur centres. These three subunits have homology with the NADH oxidor ...
Slide 1
... Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 2University of Guelph, Guelph Ont., Canada ...
... Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 2University of Guelph, Guelph Ont., Canada ...
Cellular Respiration
... a. 2 ATP added to glucose (6C) to energize it. b. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. ...
... a. 2 ATP added to glucose (6C) to energize it. b. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. ...
Review Questions
... produced for each mole of acetyl CoA that enters the cycle. Most of the remaining free energy produced during the citric acid cycle is a. used to reduce electron carriers NAD and FAD b. lost as heat. c. used to reduce pyruvate. d. converted to kinetic energy. _____7. The four large protein complexes ...
... produced for each mole of acetyl CoA that enters the cycle. Most of the remaining free energy produced during the citric acid cycle is a. used to reduce electron carriers NAD and FAD b. lost as heat. c. used to reduce pyruvate. d. converted to kinetic energy. _____7. The four large protein complexes ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... ATP. The electron then becomes low energy (black) and is carried by enzyme 4 back to p700 where it will repeat the process again. ...
... ATP. The electron then becomes low energy (black) and is carried by enzyme 4 back to p700 where it will repeat the process again. ...
Problem Set 3 (Due February 4th) 1. In 1896, Christiaan Eijkman
... activate or inhibit enzyme activity (the RCSB molecule of the month page does a good job at explaining this). E. coli, which lack mitochondria, rely on a different mechanism to regulate enzyme activity. Please read the attached paper and discuss how this E. coli enzyme is regulated and how this mech ...
... activate or inhibit enzyme activity (the RCSB molecule of the month page does a good job at explaining this). E. coli, which lack mitochondria, rely on a different mechanism to regulate enzyme activity. Please read the attached paper and discuss how this E. coli enzyme is regulated and how this mech ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.