![Lecture III.1. Bacteria and Archaea.](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016008072_1-067ac18b848ea717842f585f9e000adb-300x300.png)
Lecture III.1. Bacteria and Archaea.
... Cellular respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle) entails 1. The oxidation of compounds such as glucose. 2. The reduction of oxidized forms of high energy compounds such as NAD+, ADP, etc., to NADH, ATP, etc. ...
... Cellular respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle) entails 1. The oxidation of compounds such as glucose. 2. The reduction of oxidized forms of high energy compounds such as NAD+, ADP, etc., to NADH, ATP, etc. ...
Chapter 8- An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism
... Adenosine Triphosphate: Metabolic Money ATP is the “money” cells need to carry out their metabolic reactions. ATP has “high energy” phosphate bonds that store energy. When the terminal phosphates are cleaved, free energy is released. ATP powers the cellular processes. In aerobic organisms, ATP is ma ...
... Adenosine Triphosphate: Metabolic Money ATP is the “money” cells need to carry out their metabolic reactions. ATP has “high energy” phosphate bonds that store energy. When the terminal phosphates are cleaved, free energy is released. ATP powers the cellular processes. In aerobic organisms, ATP is ma ...
Powerpoint presentation
... department of Sri Venkateshwara University in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, South India. I was the guest of Professor Sai Gopal Funded by Society for General Microbiology (UK) and SVU ...
... department of Sri Venkateshwara University in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, South India. I was the guest of Professor Sai Gopal Funded by Society for General Microbiology (UK) and SVU ...
LessonPlansInc.com
... then ends up in a water molecule. The student then need to push the H+ through each of the pumps to create a concentration gradient. You can also show how FADH2 work by the student moving the electron across two proton pumps and ending in water. The students now move the H+ ions back across the memb ...
... then ends up in a water molecule. The student then need to push the H+ through each of the pumps to create a concentration gradient. You can also show how FADH2 work by the student moving the electron across two proton pumps and ending in water. The students now move the H+ ions back across the memb ...
Appendices Enzyme Endurance Review of Protein Structure Great
... evolved so that the binding of a small ligand can induce a significant change in protein shape. Most enzymes are allosteric proteins that can exist in two conformations that differ in catalytic activity, and the enzyme can be turned on or off by ligands that bind to a distinct regulatory site to sta ...
... evolved so that the binding of a small ligand can induce a significant change in protein shape. Most enzymes are allosteric proteins that can exist in two conformations that differ in catalytic activity, and the enzyme can be turned on or off by ligands that bind to a distinct regulatory site to sta ...
Biochemical Processes Check 3 (Solutions)
... Cells need energy to do cellular work. Processes that require energy are: cell division, synthesis of new parts and materials, muscular contraction, active transport and nervous conduction. 12. What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions? Anabolic reactions are those involving th ...
... Cells need energy to do cellular work. Processes that require energy are: cell division, synthesis of new parts and materials, muscular contraction, active transport and nervous conduction. 12. What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions? Anabolic reactions are those involving th ...
Chapter 6
... •Oxidizes NADH, generating NAD for use in further rounds of glucose breakdown •Stops short of the transition step and the TCA cycle, which together generate 5X more reducing power ...
... •Oxidizes NADH, generating NAD for use in further rounds of glucose breakdown •Stops short of the transition step and the TCA cycle, which together generate 5X more reducing power ...
AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH ...
... glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH ...
Section 4.1 Notes- ATP
... Our energy does not actually come directly from food. Lipids and carbohydrates provide us with the majority of our energy, but a series of chemical reactions is needed to actually produce energy from them. ATP adenosine triphosphate, molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food mo ...
... Our energy does not actually come directly from food. Lipids and carbohydrates provide us with the majority of our energy, but a series of chemical reactions is needed to actually produce energy from them. ATP adenosine triphosphate, molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food mo ...
Cellular Respiration
... Heart attack – blood can’t flow to pick up oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Gunshot – If you are shot in the lungs they can’t bring in oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Diabetes – Your cells can’t get glucose inside of them – If your cells can’t get gluc ...
... Heart attack – blood can’t flow to pick up oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Gunshot – If you are shot in the lungs they can’t bring in oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Diabetes – Your cells can’t get glucose inside of them – If your cells can’t get gluc ...
Metabolism: Basic concepts
... 18. Conversions involving ATP and NADH + H+ release large amounts of free energy. These are released by the transfer of the phosphate group from ATP to H2O, and the transfer of electrons from NADH + H+ to O2. Therefore these cofactors are activated carriers of phosphate and protons/electrons respect ...
... 18. Conversions involving ATP and NADH + H+ release large amounts of free energy. These are released by the transfer of the phosphate group from ATP to H2O, and the transfer of electrons from NADH + H+ to O2. Therefore these cofactors are activated carriers of phosphate and protons/electrons respect ...
Solution
... c. In cells, the equilibrium position for this reaction lies far to the right. Provide a possible explanation for this observation. (1-2 sentences). ...
... c. In cells, the equilibrium position for this reaction lies far to the right. Provide a possible explanation for this observation. (1-2 sentences). ...
Cellular Respiration
... Krebs: 2 ATP ETC: 34ATP Total: ~38 ATP # ATP estimated because: 1) depends on whether NADH/FADH2 used 2) some energy used for other work Usable energy yield ~40%; rest lost as heat, sweat, etc. ...
... Krebs: 2 ATP ETC: 34ATP Total: ~38 ATP # ATP estimated because: 1) depends on whether NADH/FADH2 used 2) some energy used for other work Usable energy yield ~40%; rest lost as heat, sweat, etc. ...
Example of the Course Test 2 10th December, 8:00, registration from
... a) NAD+ is one of the coenzymes in fatty acid synthesis b) secretion of adrenaline from the adrenal gland leads to glycemia elevation due to release of free glucose from muscles because glycogen cleavage by glycogenphosphorylase c) glycogen phosphorylase synthesises glycogen from glucose-6-phosphate ...
... a) NAD+ is one of the coenzymes in fatty acid synthesis b) secretion of adrenaline from the adrenal gland leads to glycemia elevation due to release of free glucose from muscles because glycogen cleavage by glycogenphosphorylase c) glycogen phosphorylase synthesises glycogen from glucose-6-phosphate ...
(DOCX, Unknown)
... A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as A) endergonic. B) endothermic. C) enthalpic. D) spontaneous. E) exothermic. Which of the following best describes enthalpy (H)? A) the total kinetic energy of a system B) the heat content of a chemical system C) the system's entrop ...
... A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as A) endergonic. B) endothermic. C) enthalpic. D) spontaneous. E) exothermic. Which of the following best describes enthalpy (H)? A) the total kinetic energy of a system B) the heat content of a chemical system C) the system's entrop ...
Chapter 9: Fermentation
... •Both use NAD+ as an electron acceptor. •In fermentation, the electrons of NADH are passed to an organic molecule, regenerating NAD+. • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. •In addition, even more ATP is generated from the o ...
... •Both use NAD+ as an electron acceptor. •In fermentation, the electrons of NADH are passed to an organic molecule, regenerating NAD+. • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. •In addition, even more ATP is generated from the o ...
Chapter 35 - What is pages.mtu.edu?
... • The parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach) have an internal pH of 7.4 • H,K-ATPase pumps protons from these cells into the stomach to maintain a pH difference across a single plasma membrane of 6.6! • This is the largest concentration gradient across a membrane in eukaryotic ...
... • The parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach) have an internal pH of 7.4 • H,K-ATPase pumps protons from these cells into the stomach to maintain a pH difference across a single plasma membrane of 6.6! • This is the largest concentration gradient across a membrane in eukaryotic ...
AP Biology Review Notes - Gooch
... the matrix. There are two carrier molecules that transport electrons between hydrogen pumps. There are thousands of electron transport chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are donated by the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) they travel down the membrane (chain) giving off energy t ...
... the matrix. There are two carrier molecules that transport electrons between hydrogen pumps. There are thousands of electron transport chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are donated by the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) they travel down the membrane (chain) giving off energy t ...
Chapter 5 : MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAYS
... oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ten NADH that enter the electron transport originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: two from glycolysis, two from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and six from the ...
... oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ten NADH that enter the electron transport originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: two from glycolysis, two from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and six from the ...
Exam III - chem.uwec.edu
... All of these structures form in response to the same driving forces. Non-polar regions are looking for ways to minimize their exposure to water while at the same time the polar, hydrophilic regions with to remain in contact with water. This is called the hydrophobic effect. In the formation of lipid ...
... All of these structures form in response to the same driving forces. Non-polar regions are looking for ways to minimize their exposure to water while at the same time the polar, hydrophilic regions with to remain in contact with water. This is called the hydrophobic effect. In the formation of lipid ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Valdosta State University
... energy in smaller stepwise amounts) • Each enzyme in a multi-step pathway usually catalyzes only one single step in the pathway • Control points occur in multistep pathways ...
... energy in smaller stepwise amounts) • Each enzyme in a multi-step pathway usually catalyzes only one single step in the pathway • Control points occur in multistep pathways ...
Glycolysis Questions
... Using the diagram provided and page 65-66, answer the following questions. 1. Where does glycolysis occur? ...
... Using the diagram provided and page 65-66, answer the following questions. 1. Where does glycolysis occur? ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.