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4.1.notebook October 03, 2013 Tuesday, October 8 Bell Work: Photosynthesis Video How do we get energy? Be specific. 1 4.1.notebook October 03, 2013 Our energy does not actually come directly from food. Lipids and carbohydrates provide us with the majority of our energy, but a series of chemical reactions is needed to actually produce energy from them. ATP adenosine triphosphate, molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes. ATP is like your wallet filled with money, you can only spend what you have, then it has to be refilled. ATP carries chemical energy that cells use for building molecules and moving materials. 2 4.1.notebook October 03, 2013 ATP= 3 phosphates groups attached, but the bond holding the last group is very weak and unstable. Removing it, releases energy. Becomes ADP ADP lower energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group. ATP= Wallet filled with money ADP= Nearly empty wallet. Just like adding money to a wallet takes "work" so does adding a phosphate group to an ADP molecule. 3 4.1.notebook October 03, 2013 ADP has 2 phosphate groups, when energy is added, it can add another phosphate group. This forms ATP. When ATP releases a phosphate group and releases energy, it becomes ADP. 4 4.1.notebook October 03, 2013 Our food does not contain ATP that our cells can use. The food has to be broken down into smaller molecules that can be used to make ATP. Different foods produce different amounts of ATP. Carbohydrates are mostly commonly broken down to produce ATP. One glucose molecules produces about 36 molecules of ATP. Lipids store the most energy in our bodies, about 80%. When fats are broken down they produce the most ATP. Proteins produce about the same amount of ATP as carbohydrates. However, they are not commonly used to make ATP Instead the amino acids are used to build new proteins 5 4.1.notebook October 03, 2013 Chemosynthesis process by which some organisms use chemical energy to make energystoring carbon based molecules. Organism use chemical compounds found by the hydrothermal vents in the ocean. 6 4.1.notebook October 03, 2013 7
