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Exam 2 Study Guide
... c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native counterparts d. Cultivated strawberries have eight pairs of chromosomes versus four for their native counterparts e. Cultivated strawberries are likely to be sterile ...
... c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native counterparts d. Cultivated strawberries have eight pairs of chromosomes versus four for their native counterparts e. Cultivated strawberries are likely to be sterile ...
1. Metabolic pathways 2. Basic enzyme kinetics 3. Metabolic
... Basic mechanism » Electrons are transported from NADH & FADH through the electron transport chain to oxygen » Electron transport causes protons to be released into the intermembrane space » These electrons can be transported back into mitochondrial matrix by a proton conducting ATP-synthase » The de ...
... Basic mechanism » Electrons are transported from NADH & FADH through the electron transport chain to oxygen » Electron transport causes protons to be released into the intermembrane space » These electrons can be transported back into mitochondrial matrix by a proton conducting ATP-synthase » The de ...
Lecture Notes
... 3. Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose molecule 4. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose molecule is a. b. c. E. 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation 1. Oxidative phosphoryl ...
... 3. Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose molecule 4. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose molecule is a. b. c. E. 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation 1. Oxidative phosphoryl ...
GY 111 Lecture Note Series Elemental Chemistry
... of matter that retains characteristics of a particular "thing". Ions were atoms that possessed positive or negative charges (we'll get into these shortly) Those particular things were called atoms. At last count, there were just over 100 elements (although several of them were produced in labs rathe ...
... of matter that retains characteristics of a particular "thing". Ions were atoms that possessed positive or negative charges (we'll get into these shortly) Those particular things were called atoms. At last count, there were just over 100 elements (although several of them were produced in labs rathe ...
Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
Guangyi Wang Chemosynthesis (Chemolithotrophy)
... reduce CO2 to sugars. Other mixotrophic organisms (e.g., protozoans) consume particulate food, but also contain functional chloroplasts or endosymbionts. Note: Both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms manage to get small organic molecules into their cells, but they require additional energy to d ...
... reduce CO2 to sugars. Other mixotrophic organisms (e.g., protozoans) consume particulate food, but also contain functional chloroplasts or endosymbionts. Note: Both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms manage to get small organic molecules into their cells, but they require additional energy to d ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest
... This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
... This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
Chapters 5-8a
... 1. Organisms that are able to use basic energy sources, such as sunlight, to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw materials are called a. autotrophs b. heterotrophs c. aerobic d. anaerobic 2. Cellular respiration processes that do not use molecule oxygen are called a. autotrop ...
... 1. Organisms that are able to use basic energy sources, such as sunlight, to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw materials are called a. autotrophs b. heterotrophs c. aerobic d. anaerobic 2. Cellular respiration processes that do not use molecule oxygen are called a. autotrop ...
The TCA cycle
... Energy is produced and trapped as ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Energy is also produced during the TCA cycle in the form of GTP (which is formally equivalent to ATP). Energy use in man At rest we will consume half our body weight in ATP per day! Of course we cannot store this amount of ATP. As w ...
... Energy is produced and trapped as ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Energy is also produced during the TCA cycle in the form of GTP (which is formally equivalent to ATP). Energy use in man At rest we will consume half our body weight in ATP per day! Of course we cannot store this amount of ATP. As w ...
Ch 8 Cellular Energy
... mitochondrial matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase provides the energy for ATP synthesis Oxygen is the final electron acceptor Without oxygen the transport chain would shut down like a traffic jam Traffic (electrons) would back up and shut down the Krebs Cycle as well ...
... mitochondrial matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase provides the energy for ATP synthesis Oxygen is the final electron acceptor Without oxygen the transport chain would shut down like a traffic jam Traffic (electrons) would back up and shut down the Krebs Cycle as well ...
Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre Types
... Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods are broken down into their smallest units (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). These Units are then eventually converted into a high energy storing molecule called ATP, which in turn can be broken down by the body’s cells releasing energy! ...
... Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods are broken down into their smallest units (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). These Units are then eventually converted into a high energy storing molecule called ATP, which in turn can be broken down by the body’s cells releasing energy! ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... contain genetic material • Cytoplasm is material between nucleus and cell membrane • Mitochondria are where energy-producing reactions occur ...
... contain genetic material • Cytoplasm is material between nucleus and cell membrane • Mitochondria are where energy-producing reactions occur ...
Metabolic Pathways a..
... contain genetic material • Cytoplasm is material between nucleus and cell membrane • Mitochondria are where energy-producing reactions occur ...
... contain genetic material • Cytoplasm is material between nucleus and cell membrane • Mitochondria are where energy-producing reactions occur ...
Review Questions for Respiration
... • Water is produced. • Hydrogen ions are pumped out of the matrix to the intermembrane space • An electrochemical gradient is produced across D. • NADH and FADH2 are oxidized. ...
... • Water is produced. • Hydrogen ions are pumped out of the matrix to the intermembrane space • An electrochemical gradient is produced across D. • NADH and FADH2 are oxidized. ...
Enzymes: Biological Catalysts
... Enzymes make it easier for reactions to occur by putting stress on specific bonds or atoms w/in molecules. Lower ACTIVATION ENERGY needed for rxns. To procede (These rxns would occur anyway, but @ slower rate) ...
... Enzymes make it easier for reactions to occur by putting stress on specific bonds or atoms w/in molecules. Lower ACTIVATION ENERGY needed for rxns. To procede (These rxns would occur anyway, but @ slower rate) ...
Relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... H+ ions must move back from a higher lower concentration Only return to inner compartment through ATP synthases, “gates of the dam” As they move through, activate ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi This process is called Chemiosmosis (ATP production linked to H+ gradient) ...
... H+ ions must move back from a higher lower concentration Only return to inner compartment through ATP synthases, “gates of the dam” As they move through, activate ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi This process is called Chemiosmosis (ATP production linked to H+ gradient) ...
Respiration chapt07
... • The Krebs cycle is a metabolic pathway that further cleaves and oxidizes pyruvate • The Krebs Cycle occurs in the cell membrane of Prokaryotic Cells and in the mitochondria of Eukaryotic Cells • In mitochondria, a multienzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction ...
... • The Krebs cycle is a metabolic pathway that further cleaves and oxidizes pyruvate • The Krebs Cycle occurs in the cell membrane of Prokaryotic Cells and in the mitochondria of Eukaryotic Cells • In mitochondria, a multienzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction ...
Biochemistry Test Review Cards
... 36. Enzymes are a type of __protein__ that is required for chemical__ reactions to Red is with an enzyme and black occur. is without ...
... 36. Enzymes are a type of __protein__ that is required for chemical__ reactions to Red is with an enzyme and black occur. is without ...
L10v02a_-_glycolysis.stamped_doc
... FADH2. And these molecules, which we'll see in the next set of lectures and the next class session, these produce a lot of ATP in an oxygen dependent manner in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. [00:01:15.85] This is a reminder of the overall pathway which we'll cover today. Glycolysis is t ...
... FADH2. And these molecules, which we'll see in the next set of lectures and the next class session, these produce a lot of ATP in an oxygen dependent manner in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. [00:01:15.85] This is a reminder of the overall pathway which we'll cover today. Glycolysis is t ...
Major Protein-sorting pathways in eukaryotic cells
... Major topological classes of integral membrane proteins synthesized on the rough ER ...
... Major topological classes of integral membrane proteins synthesized on the rough ER ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... cellular respiration that release the energy contained in food, by oxidation. 1. Glycolysis 2. The citric acid cycle 3. The electron transport chain ...
... cellular respiration that release the energy contained in food, by oxidation. 1. Glycolysis 2. The citric acid cycle 3. The electron transport chain ...
chapter8powerpointle
... Pass energy rich electrons along Complex arrays of protein and cytochromes - Cytochromes are respiratory molecules - Complex carbon rings with metal atoms in center ...
... Pass energy rich electrons along Complex arrays of protein and cytochromes - Cytochromes are respiratory molecules - Complex carbon rings with metal atoms in center ...
Mathematics Semester 1 Study Guide
... 8. What are polymers and how are they made? 9. What is a condensation or dehydration synthesis reaction? 10. What is a hydrolysis reaction? How is water involved in this type of reaction? 11. What are the four major classes of organic compounds? 12. What organic compound class includes the sugars an ...
... 8. What are polymers and how are they made? 9. What is a condensation or dehydration synthesis reaction? 10. What is a hydrolysis reaction? How is water involved in this type of reaction? 11. What are the four major classes of organic compounds? 12. What organic compound class includes the sugars an ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.