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Overview of Cellular Respiration
... high-energy electrons on the electron carrier NADH. Note that no O2 is needed for this set of reactions, which means that glycolysis can proceed in the absence of oxygen. The second stage is a short series of reactions called the oxidation of pyruvate during which pyruvate (3 carbon atoms) is conver ...
... high-energy electrons on the electron carrier NADH. Note that no O2 is needed for this set of reactions, which means that glycolysis can proceed in the absence of oxygen. The second stage is a short series of reactions called the oxidation of pyruvate during which pyruvate (3 carbon atoms) is conver ...
... Choice B: The standard free energy for the transfer of a 20 residue Gly peptide (Gly20) into a phospholipid bilayer is +60 kJ/M. The standard free energy for the transfer of the sidechain of Cysteine to a nonpolar environment is –3 kJ/mol. You add large amounts of phospholipid to a 1 mM solution of ...
BSCA Questions: Biochemistry
... What would a DNA dependent RNA polymerase make? A. DNA from DNA B. DNA from RNA C. RNA from DNA D. RNA from RNA ...
... What would a DNA dependent RNA polymerase make? A. DNA from DNA B. DNA from RNA C. RNA from DNA D. RNA from RNA ...
aerobic vs anerobic ws - Hicksville Public Schools
... 12. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, a. lactic acid is produced b. NADH molecules split ...
... 12. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, a. lactic acid is produced b. NADH molecules split ...
SI Worksheet 10 1. What does coupling reactions mean? The
... to understand that at saturation adding more substrate will NOT increase the rate of the reaction…. Only adding more enzymes will increase the reaction rate. 12. Enzymes can facilitate both the dismantlement and assembly sugars. T or F True – Enzymes can do reactions in BOTH directions 13. What are ...
... to understand that at saturation adding more substrate will NOT increase the rate of the reaction…. Only adding more enzymes will increase the reaction rate. 12. Enzymes can facilitate both the dismantlement and assembly sugars. T or F True – Enzymes can do reactions in BOTH directions 13. What are ...
Sol: A process of physio
... Mechanism of Electron transport system – Glucose molecule is completely oxidized by the end of the citric acid cycle. The energy is not released unless NADH and FADH are oxidized through the ETS. The oxidation means ‘removal of electrons from it’. Metabolic pathway through which the electron passes ...
... Mechanism of Electron transport system – Glucose molecule is completely oxidized by the end of the citric acid cycle. The energy is not released unless NADH and FADH are oxidized through the ETS. The oxidation means ‘removal of electrons from it’. Metabolic pathway through which the electron passes ...
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... The removal of amine groups from the amino acid is transamination. Amino acids undergo the process of deamination, oxidative deamination and other changes to become one of the intermediates in Glycolosis or the Krebs cycle Q11 Name four different molecules that are entry points into the Krebs cycle ...
... The removal of amine groups from the amino acid is transamination. Amino acids undergo the process of deamination, oxidative deamination and other changes to become one of the intermediates in Glycolosis or the Krebs cycle Q11 Name four different molecules that are entry points into the Krebs cycle ...
Cellular Energy
... • Which kind of respiration produces more ATP’s – fermentation or the kind that uses oxygen? • Cellular respiration with oxygen (in mitochondria) produces much more energy (ATP’s) ...
... • Which kind of respiration produces more ATP’s – fermentation or the kind that uses oxygen? • Cellular respiration with oxygen (in mitochondria) produces much more energy (ATP’s) ...
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... location of several high energy bonds that can be recycled using the cellular machinery. 4. ATP hydrolysis is the process by which ADP and Pi are formed and water is consumed. The process releases free energy. 5. During the hydrolysis of ATP the ADP is retained and recycled. This is in contrast to t ...
... location of several high energy bonds that can be recycled using the cellular machinery. 4. ATP hydrolysis is the process by which ADP and Pi are formed and water is consumed. The process releases free energy. 5. During the hydrolysis of ATP the ADP is retained and recycled. This is in contrast to t ...
Energy Systems
... NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move on to the next stage - the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells. The Krebs Cycle - This is the second stage, and the products of this stage of the aerobic system are a net producti ...
... NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move on to the next stage - the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells. The Krebs Cycle - This is the second stage, and the products of this stage of the aerobic system are a net producti ...
AP Biology Exam Review - Ed W. Clark High School
... Yield: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6CO2 (by-product, waste) Total yield of energy and electron acceptors = 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2 Function: produce electron acceptors for ETC Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Chemiosmosis, oxidative phosphorylation NADH & FADH2 donate electrons to ETC, cytochrome ...
... Yield: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6CO2 (by-product, waste) Total yield of energy and electron acceptors = 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2 Function: produce electron acceptors for ETC Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Chemiosmosis, oxidative phosphorylation NADH & FADH2 donate electrons to ETC, cytochrome ...
First Homework Assignment
... biological information for binding proteins. It also means that it would take a huge range of enzymes to hydrolyze all possible connections. Experimentally, carbohydrates are the most difficult macromolecule to characterize. 3. a. Since exercise can increase blood lactate, rest is a more stable defi ...
... biological information for binding proteins. It also means that it would take a huge range of enzymes to hydrolyze all possible connections. Experimentally, carbohydrates are the most difficult macromolecule to characterize. 3. a. Since exercise can increase blood lactate, rest is a more stable defi ...
Check Your Knowledge QuestionSet 2(Download)
... Q.2-Choose the incorrect statement about Active Site of an enzymea) The active site is a three-dimensional cleft b) The active site takes up a large part of the total volume of an enzyme c) Substrates are bound to enzymes by multiple weakattractions d) The specificity of binding depends on theprecis ...
... Q.2-Choose the incorrect statement about Active Site of an enzymea) The active site is a three-dimensional cleft b) The active site takes up a large part of the total volume of an enzyme c) Substrates are bound to enzymes by multiple weakattractions d) The specificity of binding depends on theprecis ...
peptides - WordPress.com
... Hydrogen has the lowest redox potential (-0.42 volt ) while oxygen has the highest redox potential (+0.82 volt). The redox potential of all other substances lie between that of hydrogen and oxygen. Electrons are transferred from substances with low redox potential to substances with higher redox po ...
... Hydrogen has the lowest redox potential (-0.42 volt ) while oxygen has the highest redox potential (+0.82 volt). The redox potential of all other substances lie between that of hydrogen and oxygen. Electrons are transferred from substances with low redox potential to substances with higher redox po ...
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
... Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP. • Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. – not stored in large amounts – up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule ...
... Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP. • Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. – not stored in large amounts – up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule ...
Exam 3 Study Guide
... Basics of metabolism: qualitative and quantitative free energy, coupled reactions, phosphoryl group transfer potential, activated carriers Glycolysis: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, role of cofactors Gluconeogenesis: Structures of all interme ...
... Basics of metabolism: qualitative and quantitative free energy, coupled reactions, phosphoryl group transfer potential, activated carriers Glycolysis: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, role of cofactors Gluconeogenesis: Structures of all interme ...
Chemistry Study Guide
... 6. What kind of bond is NaCl? Ionic CO2 Covalent N2 Covalent 7. Which group forms acids with H+ ion? Halogens (Group 17) 8. How many valence electrons are in a Group 1 element? 1 Group 13? 3 9. How do positive and negative ions form? Positive ions form when an atom loses an electron, negative ions f ...
... 6. What kind of bond is NaCl? Ionic CO2 Covalent N2 Covalent 7. Which group forms acids with H+ ion? Halogens (Group 17) 8. How many valence electrons are in a Group 1 element? 1 Group 13? 3 9. How do positive and negative ions form? Positive ions form when an atom loses an electron, negative ions f ...
Document
... 2. How do humans get the nitrogen they need? Plants can take up these forms of nitrogen and use it to make their molecules (see below). Heterotrophs (like humans) get their nitrogen FROM EATING plants or other heterotrophs. 3. Give examples (3) of some molecules your body needs nitrogen to make. Pro ...
... 2. How do humans get the nitrogen they need? Plants can take up these forms of nitrogen and use it to make their molecules (see below). Heterotrophs (like humans) get their nitrogen FROM EATING plants or other heterotrophs. 3. Give examples (3) of some molecules your body needs nitrogen to make. Pro ...
O 2
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
Chemical Pathways
... (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used ...
... (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used ...
13 respiration overview 9 30 05
... 3. Digestion vs Metabolism: catabolism and anabolism 4. What is a metabolic pathway? 5. Feedback regulation of pathways 6. Catabolic pathways - stepping down the oxidation series of carbon 7. Harvesting energy from redox reactions - substrate level phosphorylation ATP – reducing equivalent carriers ...
... 3. Digestion vs Metabolism: catabolism and anabolism 4. What is a metabolic pathway? 5. Feedback regulation of pathways 6. Catabolic pathways - stepping down the oxidation series of carbon 7. Harvesting energy from redox reactions - substrate level phosphorylation ATP – reducing equivalent carriers ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.