Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to a chain of membrane-bound electron acceptors, and eventually passed to oxygen ...
... electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to a chain of membrane-bound electron acceptors, and eventually passed to oxygen ...
Concept Sheet for Semester 2 material - mvhs
... Calvin Cycle – location, purpose, dependence on light reactions, significance of Rubisco C3 vs. C4 vs. CAM plants – role of PEP carboxylase, spatial vs. temporal separation of carbon fixation and Calvin cycle, how evolutionary adaptations limit photorespiration? Connection between photosynthesis and ...
... Calvin Cycle – location, purpose, dependence on light reactions, significance of Rubisco C3 vs. C4 vs. CAM plants – role of PEP carboxylase, spatial vs. temporal separation of carbon fixation and Calvin cycle, how evolutionary adaptations limit photorespiration? Connection between photosynthesis and ...
25HYD07_Layout 1
... concentration and temperature 11. The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because? A) There is a change in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane toward adenosine diphosphate (ADP) B) High energy bonds are f ...
... concentration and temperature 11. The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because? A) There is a change in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane toward adenosine diphosphate (ADP) B) High energy bonds are f ...
Chapter outline
... activation energy - The input of energy required for certain exergonic and all endergonic reactions to occur. ATP - Stands for adenosine triphosphate. Cells store energy used to power their processes in the high energy phosphate bonds of ATP molecules. chemiosmosis - A process which produces ATP for ...
... activation energy - The input of energy required for certain exergonic and all endergonic reactions to occur. ATP - Stands for adenosine triphosphate. Cells store energy used to power their processes in the high energy phosphate bonds of ATP molecules. chemiosmosis - A process which produces ATP for ...
9.3 student notes
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
respiration review
... Let’s recap: The electron transport chain is responsible for creating the H+ ion concentration difference on the two sides of the membrane. As the high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed down the 9 cytochromes of the ETC, energy is released which is used to pump hydrogen ions across th ...
... Let’s recap: The electron transport chain is responsible for creating the H+ ion concentration difference on the two sides of the membrane. As the high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed down the 9 cytochromes of the ETC, energy is released which is used to pump hydrogen ions across th ...
HW #23 KEY 1. Adenosine triphosphate is the energy currency of
... Where does the oxygen atom in H2O originate? The oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide come from glucose, and the oxygen in water comes from the atmosphere. 42. What is the advantage of aerobic metabolism over anaerobic metabolism in energy production in living organisms? Aerobic metabolism is more efficie ...
... Where does the oxygen atom in H2O originate? The oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide come from glucose, and the oxygen in water comes from the atmosphere. 42. What is the advantage of aerobic metabolism over anaerobic metabolism in energy production in living organisms? Aerobic metabolism is more efficie ...
Metabolism Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions within an
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
cell respiration
... energy found in NADH and FADH2 to make more ATP. This involves the cristae. There are electron transport chains that are used. The electrons from the NADH and FADH2 are used to move on the electron transport chain. As the electrons move down the electron transport chain, H+ ions are pumped across th ...
... energy found in NADH and FADH2 to make more ATP. This involves the cristae. There are electron transport chains that are used. The electrons from the NADH and FADH2 are used to move on the electron transport chain. As the electrons move down the electron transport chain, H+ ions are pumped across th ...
File - Jolyon Johnson
... • 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP produced per cycle • Fats are “stored energy” because they break down into acetate and enter the Krebs cycle • Ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate form into amino acids to build proteins • There are two cycles for one glucose molecule ...
... • 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP produced per cycle • Fats are “stored energy” because they break down into acetate and enter the Krebs cycle • Ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate form into amino acids to build proteins • There are two cycles for one glucose molecule ...
Chapter 8 Exam Review
... 8. ________________ (which process?) starts with a molecule of glucose. 9. _________________(which process?) ends with 2, 2-carbon acetyl CoA molecules. 10. _________________(which process?) produces both NADH and FADH2. 11. _________________(which process?) starts with 2, 2-carbon acetyl CoA molecu ...
... 8. ________________ (which process?) starts with a molecule of glucose. 9. _________________(which process?) ends with 2, 2-carbon acetyl CoA molecules. 10. _________________(which process?) produces both NADH and FADH2. 11. _________________(which process?) starts with 2, 2-carbon acetyl CoA molecu ...
Comparison With Photosynthesis
... – In addition, plant mitochondira have a rotenoneresistant dehydrogenase for oxidation of NADH derived from citric acid cycle substrate → this pathway may be a bypass that is engaged when complex I is overloaded, such as under photorespiratory conditions conditions. ...
... – In addition, plant mitochondira have a rotenoneresistant dehydrogenase for oxidation of NADH derived from citric acid cycle substrate → this pathway may be a bypass that is engaged when complex I is overloaded, such as under photorespiratory conditions conditions. ...
Krebs cycle
... • The enzymes and mechanism of this reaction are very similar to that of pyruvate dehydrogenase. ...
... • The enzymes and mechanism of this reaction are very similar to that of pyruvate dehydrogenase. ...
The Outer Membrane of Gram-negative Bacteria and - Beck-Shop
... slows down or completely stops antibiotic influx, and by lining the channel with charged amino acid residues which orient the water molecules in a fixed direction. These charged residues make the influx of lipophilic molecules difficult because the energetically favorable orientation of the water wi ...
... slows down or completely stops antibiotic influx, and by lining the channel with charged amino acid residues which orient the water molecules in a fixed direction. These charged residues make the influx of lipophilic molecules difficult because the energetically favorable orientation of the water wi ...
Chapter 9
... Takes place in along the inner mitochondrial membrane Process in aerobic O2 is the final e- acceptor in the etc Net gain: ~30 ATP (on average 3 ATP per electron carrier NADH and FADH2) ...
... Takes place in along the inner mitochondrial membrane Process in aerobic O2 is the final e- acceptor in the etc Net gain: ~30 ATP (on average 3 ATP per electron carrier NADH and FADH2) ...
Document
... monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol and other products degraded to a few simpler products Can operate aerobically or anaerobically Generates some ATP and NADH or FADH ...
... monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol and other products degraded to a few simpler products Can operate aerobically or anaerobically Generates some ATP and NADH or FADH ...
Ch 2-- Matter
... sudden changes in pH for maintaining homeostasis a. fluids within most body cells must be kept between 6.5-7.5 III. Carbon Compounds organic chemistry – study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms A. chemistry of carbon 1. carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms to form very ...
... sudden changes in pH for maintaining homeostasis a. fluids within most body cells must be kept between 6.5-7.5 III. Carbon Compounds organic chemistry – study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms A. chemistry of carbon 1. carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms to form very ...
see previous week 3 link
... • The substrates of the pathways of cellular respiration can also be used as starting materials for synthetic reactions. • This is the cell’s metabolic pool, in which one type of molecule can be converted into another. • In this way, dietary carbohydrates can be converted to stored fat, and come sub ...
... • The substrates of the pathways of cellular respiration can also be used as starting materials for synthetic reactions. • This is the cell’s metabolic pool, in which one type of molecule can be converted into another. • In this way, dietary carbohydrates can be converted to stored fat, and come sub ...
The citric acid cycle • Also known as the Kreb`s cycle
... Step 5: Succinyl-CoA synthetase • Energy of succinyl CoA is transferred (conserved) to GTP • SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION: group transfer reaction • ONLY step where ATP is directly formed • All other ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation Oxid. Phosphor. is the oxidation of reduced cofactor ...
... Step 5: Succinyl-CoA synthetase • Energy of succinyl CoA is transferred (conserved) to GTP • SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION: group transfer reaction • ONLY step where ATP is directly formed • All other ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation Oxid. Phosphor. is the oxidation of reduced cofactor ...
Unit 1
... Remember all other shells hold a maximum of 8 8 in the second, 8 in the third, 8 in the fourth We still have one left so that 1 electron is in the fifth Cobalt has 1 electron in its outer shell ...
... Remember all other shells hold a maximum of 8 8 in the second, 8 in the third, 8 in the fourth We still have one left so that 1 electron is in the fifth Cobalt has 1 electron in its outer shell ...
Chapter 13 - Cell Metabolism
... • End product is CO2 (waste) and NADH high energy molecules (used later) • Requires O2 to regenerate NAD+ but not actually used in reactions • Link the acetyl group of Acetyl CoA to 4 C molecule, oxaloacetate, to make 6 C citrate • By end of cycle, all the C of glucose is released as CO2, rememberin ...
... • End product is CO2 (waste) and NADH high energy molecules (used later) • Requires O2 to regenerate NAD+ but not actually used in reactions • Link the acetyl group of Acetyl CoA to 4 C molecule, oxaloacetate, to make 6 C citrate • By end of cycle, all the C of glucose is released as CO2, rememberin ...
PP Ch_ 2-3 Modified - Maria Regina High School
... Enzymes are substrate specific (One enzyme for a particular reaction will not work with substrates from another particular reaction) Because of the specific fit, the ES Complex is called a LOCK AND KEY COMPLEX ...
... Enzymes are substrate specific (One enzyme for a particular reaction will not work with substrates from another particular reaction) Because of the specific fit, the ES Complex is called a LOCK AND KEY COMPLEX ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.