![Unit 1](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008516978_1-4e73b478b7e57db3c125ff040fcc74ae-300x300.png)
Unit 1
... Remember all other shells hold a maximum of 8 8 in the second, 8 in the third, 8 in the fourth We still have one left so that 1 electron is in the fifth Cobalt has 1 electron in its outer shell ...
... Remember all other shells hold a maximum of 8 8 in the second, 8 in the third, 8 in the fourth We still have one left so that 1 electron is in the fifth Cobalt has 1 electron in its outer shell ...
OCR A Level Biology B Learner resource
... Photons of light are absorbed by chlorophyll a molecule in photosystem II. This causes 2 electrons from chlorophyll a to become excited and rise to a higher energy level. The excited electrons are picked up by electron acceptors and passed through a series of electron carriers releasing energy and t ...
... Photons of light are absorbed by chlorophyll a molecule in photosystem II. This causes 2 electrons from chlorophyll a to become excited and rise to a higher energy level. The excited electrons are picked up by electron acceptors and passed through a series of electron carriers releasing energy and t ...
Student Version
... concentration difference from the inner membrane to the outer membrane of the mitochondria. It acts as a battery charger because the movement of H+ ions creates a pH difference and causes an electrical charge to build up The inner membrane has the enzyme (ATP synthase) which allows protons back ...
... concentration difference from the inner membrane to the outer membrane of the mitochondria. It acts as a battery charger because the movement of H+ ions creates a pH difference and causes an electrical charge to build up The inner membrane has the enzyme (ATP synthase) which allows protons back ...
Biochemistry Introduction day 1
... Chemical Reactions: when elements and compounds interact with each other to form new substances. Reactant: A substance that undergoes a chemical reaction. Product: A substance formed from chemical reaction. Chemical Equations: Communicate what is happening in a chemical reaction. It can be done in a ...
... Chemical Reactions: when elements and compounds interact with each other to form new substances. Reactant: A substance that undergoes a chemical reaction. Product: A substance formed from chemical reaction. Chemical Equations: Communicate what is happening in a chemical reaction. It can be done in a ...
KEY Glycolysis True or false. If false, indicate why 1. ____F___
... 2. ___T____ The initial molecule in the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA 3. ____F___ The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria 4. ____T___ 1 glucose molecule leads to 2 turns of the citric acid cycle and produce 2 ATP 5. ____F___ The citric acid cycle is a loosely control ...
... 2. ___T____ The initial molecule in the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA 3. ____F___ The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria 4. ____T___ 1 glucose molecule leads to 2 turns of the citric acid cycle and produce 2 ATP 5. ____F___ The citric acid cycle is a loosely control ...
Intro to Metabolism
... – For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4 – In going from CO2 to CH4 although a carbon has gained electrons, the oxidation number for the carbon is lower, thus “reduced”. http://www.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/oxidation_numbers.html ...
... – For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4 – In going from CO2 to CH4 although a carbon has gained electrons, the oxidation number for the carbon is lower, thus “reduced”. http://www.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/oxidation_numbers.html ...
Metabolism: the chemical reactions of a cell
... – For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4 – In going from CO2 to CH4 although a carbon has gained electrons, the oxidation number for the carbon is lower, thus “reduced”. http://www.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/oxidation_numbers.html ...
... – For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4 – In going from CO2 to CH4 although a carbon has gained electrons, the oxidation number for the carbon is lower, thus “reduced”. http://www.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/oxidation_numbers.html ...
Quiz SBI 4UI - Waterloo Region District School Board
... 22. What does the NAD Dehy, Cyt b-c1 and Cyt oxidase have in common? ...
... 22. What does the NAD Dehy, Cyt b-c1 and Cyt oxidase have in common? ...
Title - Iowa State University
... 12. According to Professor Powell-Coffman, cell death will occur after 3-6minutes of hypoxia (no oxygen) Why is this? Why is oxygen so important to us?(Hint: what is it’s role during cellular respiration) During oxidative phosphorylation (third step of cellular respiration), oxygen is reduced in ord ...
... 12. According to Professor Powell-Coffman, cell death will occur after 3-6minutes of hypoxia (no oxygen) Why is this? Why is oxygen so important to us?(Hint: what is it’s role during cellular respiration) During oxidative phosphorylation (third step of cellular respiration), oxygen is reduced in ord ...
Citric Acid Cycle Regulation
... Step 5 of glycolysis converts NAD+ to NADH (G3P to G1,3BP) For next round of glycolysis to occur need NADH converted to NAD+ for use in step 5. ...
... Step 5 of glycolysis converts NAD+ to NADH (G3P to G1,3BP) For next round of glycolysis to occur need NADH converted to NAD+ for use in step 5. ...
Review Guide for Third Exam in Biochemistry 507 (1997)
... 1. Steps in the digestion of lipids in the diet and transport of fatty acids to the liver 2. Steps in the mobilization of fatty acids stored in adipose tissue 3. Three stages of fat oxidation 4. Activation of fatty acids: the reaction 5. Transport of FA into mitochondria; role of carnitine 6. The fo ...
... 1. Steps in the digestion of lipids in the diet and transport of fatty acids to the liver 2. Steps in the mobilization of fatty acids stored in adipose tissue 3. Three stages of fat oxidation 4. Activation of fatty acids: the reaction 5. Transport of FA into mitochondria; role of carnitine 6. The fo ...
Chapter 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis
... 13-29 For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase may be used more than once. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that occurs in the __________________ of mitochondria ...
... 13-29 For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase may be used more than once. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that occurs in the __________________ of mitochondria ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glucose (sugar) provides energy. Monosaccharides and Dissacharides structures usually give quick energy. Polysaccharide structure is mainly used for storage and structure. Glucose is obtained from and/or produced by plants The Cell and the Mitochondria ...
... Glucose (sugar) provides energy. Monosaccharides and Dissacharides structures usually give quick energy. Polysaccharide structure is mainly used for storage and structure. Glucose is obtained from and/or produced by plants The Cell and the Mitochondria ...
What is the number of ATP made by Kreb`s cycle alone
... Name the three cytochrome proteins in ETC where protons are pumped into the intermembrane space. ANSWER: FMN, coenzymeQ, coenzyme a/a3 What is the term for the making of ATP via electron transport? ANSWER: oxidative phosphorylation ...
... Name the three cytochrome proteins in ETC where protons are pumped into the intermembrane space. ANSWER: FMN, coenzymeQ, coenzyme a/a3 What is the term for the making of ATP via electron transport? ANSWER: oxidative phosphorylation ...
Cell Location
... for glycolysis is: _ C6 H12 O6 + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid + 4 ATP +NADH _ Glycolysis is the first step for all cellular energy production. If oxygen is available, _oxidative respiration_ follows glycolysis. Pyruvic acid is broken down to _CO2_and H2O and 36 ATP are produced. If oxygen is not avail ...
... for glycolysis is: _ C6 H12 O6 + 2 ATP → 2 pyruvic acid + 4 ATP +NADH _ Glycolysis is the first step for all cellular energy production. If oxygen is available, _oxidative respiration_ follows glycolysis. Pyruvic acid is broken down to _CO2_and H2O and 36 ATP are produced. If oxygen is not avail ...
Electron Transport Chain
... many electron transport enzymes which form an electron transport chain • at the end of the chain, an enzyme combines electrons from the chain, H+ (hydrogen ions) from the cell, and O2 (oxygen) to make H2O (water). • oxygen is the final electron accepter and is needed to obtain energy from NADH and F ...
... many electron transport enzymes which form an electron transport chain • at the end of the chain, an enzyme combines electrons from the chain, H+ (hydrogen ions) from the cell, and O2 (oxygen) to make H2O (water). • oxygen is the final electron accepter and is needed to obtain energy from NADH and F ...
Bioenergetics and High Energy Compounds
... – Complex I, - NADH dehydrogenase – Complex II, - Succinate dehydrogenase – Complex III – Cytochrome reductase – Complex IV- Cytochrome oxidase – Complex V – ATP synthase Each complex has a series of electron carriers ...
... – Complex I, - NADH dehydrogenase – Complex II, - Succinate dehydrogenase – Complex III – Cytochrome reductase – Complex IV- Cytochrome oxidase – Complex V – ATP synthase Each complex has a series of electron carriers ...
Reading Guide
... 8. What is the structure of isocitrate? 9. Isocitrate has three carboxyl groups—give a chemical rational for why only one eliminated as carbon dioxide in this step. 10. Is the enzyme -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase more like isocitrate dehydrogenase or pyruvate dehydrogenase? Explain. 11. What is subs ...
... 8. What is the structure of isocitrate? 9. Isocitrate has three carboxyl groups—give a chemical rational for why only one eliminated as carbon dioxide in this step. 10. Is the enzyme -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase more like isocitrate dehydrogenase or pyruvate dehydrogenase? Explain. 11. What is subs ...
protein - Hagan Bayley
... Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) Mitochondria generate ATP- the energy “currency” of the cell. They are semiautonomous. They encode some but not all of their own proteins. They have exchanged genes with the nucleus-- in turn the host cell now requires their ATP. Glycolysis (anaerobic, in the ...
... Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) Mitochondria generate ATP- the energy “currency” of the cell. They are semiautonomous. They encode some but not all of their own proteins. They have exchanged genes with the nucleus-- in turn the host cell now requires their ATP. Glycolysis (anaerobic, in the ...
Chapter 2 Notes: The Chemistry of Life
... Reactions that release energy often occur _________________________. Reactions that absorb energy will not occur _________________________ a source of energy. ...
... Reactions that release energy often occur _________________________. Reactions that absorb energy will not occur _________________________ a source of energy. ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.