fatty acid synthesis
... activity of acyl-carnitine transferase. Mice lacking ACC2 have less body fat in spite if increased food intake - consistent with enhanced FA oxidation in these animals. Thus, malonyl-CoA produced by ACC-2 is exclusively involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation (by inhibiting acycarnitine trans ...
... activity of acyl-carnitine transferase. Mice lacking ACC2 have less body fat in spite if increased food intake - consistent with enhanced FA oxidation in these animals. Thus, malonyl-CoA produced by ACC-2 is exclusively involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation (by inhibiting acycarnitine trans ...
NADH-coupled ATPase assay Make the following stock solutions
... 1. Mix contents of Tubes A and B to start the reaction. 2. Load 100 L into 96‐well plate. 3. Monitor absorbance at 340 nm at the desired temperature. ...
... 1. Mix contents of Tubes A and B to start the reaction. 2. Load 100 L into 96‐well plate. 3. Monitor absorbance at 340 nm at the desired temperature. ...
METABOLISM: BASIC CONSEPTS & DESIGN
... NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 react slowly with O2 in the absence of a catalyst. Likewise, ATP and acetyl CoA are hydrolyzed slowly in the absence of a catalyst. These molecules are kinetically quite stable in the face of a large thermodynamic driving force for reaction with O2 (in regard to the electr ...
... NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 react slowly with O2 in the absence of a catalyst. Likewise, ATP and acetyl CoA are hydrolyzed slowly in the absence of a catalyst. These molecules are kinetically quite stable in the face of a large thermodynamic driving force for reaction with O2 (in regard to the electr ...
anaerobic respiration
... Anaerobic Respiration Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy ...
... Anaerobic Respiration Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration 4: Respiration • Before food can be used to perform work, its energy must be released through the process of respiration. • Two main types of respiration exist in living things. Both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis: a process by which one glucose molecule is broken down into ...
... Cellular Respiration 4: Respiration • Before food can be used to perform work, its energy must be released through the process of respiration. • Two main types of respiration exist in living things. Both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis: a process by which one glucose molecule is broken down into ...
Document
... During Cellular Respiration we take potential energy (stored energy) called chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose and turn it into ATP. ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount o ...
... During Cellular Respiration we take potential energy (stored energy) called chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose and turn it into ATP. ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount o ...
Document
... Activity of phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes step 3 of glycolysis, is affected by several substances that act as allosteric modulators. Effects of some of these modulators are shown in the following graphs. Which of these substances apparently acts to decrease the affinity of the enzyme? Explain ...
... Activity of phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes step 3 of glycolysis, is affected by several substances that act as allosteric modulators. Effects of some of these modulators are shown in the following graphs. Which of these substances apparently acts to decrease the affinity of the enzyme? Explain ...
L03_MitoOx
... shaped gamma-subunit!) to rotate The gamma subunit interacts with the subunits of the F1-ATPase to generate ATP from ADP and ...
... shaped gamma-subunit!) to rotate The gamma subunit interacts with the subunits of the F1-ATPase to generate ATP from ADP and ...
TLKBio260Exam1Review
... 1. Define metabolism and describe the difference between anabolism and catabolism. 2. Define enzymes and their characteristics. 4. Understand the factors that influence enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. 5. What are cofactors? What are coenzymes? 6. Understand ...
... 1. Define metabolism and describe the difference between anabolism and catabolism. 2. Define enzymes and their characteristics. 4. Understand the factors that influence enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. 5. What are cofactors? What are coenzymes? 6. Understand ...
final-exam-tables-ba..
... In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is reacted with coenzyme A (CoA), carbon dioxide is released, hydrogen ions are harvested in NADH and FADH and one ATP is generated per cycle by substrate level phosphorylation. The Electron transport chain takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, where hy ...
... In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is reacted with coenzyme A (CoA), carbon dioxide is released, hydrogen ions are harvested in NADH and FADH and one ATP is generated per cycle by substrate level phosphorylation. The Electron transport chain takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, where hy ...
UNIT 2 : BIOCHEMISTRY
... – The ___________________________________ determines a protein’s shape and function. • Dipeptides and Polypeptides – Two amino acids are _____________________________________ to form a dipeptide. – A long chain of amino acids is called a ___________________________ ...
... – The ___________________________________ determines a protein’s shape and function. • Dipeptides and Polypeptides – Two amino acids are _____________________________________ to form a dipeptide. – A long chain of amino acids is called a ___________________________ ...
test - Scioly.org
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
H 2
... The energy is used for all the processes which keep the organism alive. Some of these processes occur continually, such as the metabolism of foods, the synthesis of large, biologically important molecules, e.g. proteins and DNA, and the transport of molecules and ions throughout the organism. Other ...
... The energy is used for all the processes which keep the organism alive. Some of these processes occur continually, such as the metabolism of foods, the synthesis of large, biologically important molecules, e.g. proteins and DNA, and the transport of molecules and ions throughout the organism. Other ...
The Chemical Level of Organization
... arrangement of electrons • Bonds hold together the atoms in molecules • An atom with a full outer electron shell is stable and unlikely to form a bond with another atom • The Octet rule states that biologically important elements interact to produce chemically stable arrangements of 8 electrons in t ...
... arrangement of electrons • Bonds hold together the atoms in molecules • An atom with a full outer electron shell is stable and unlikely to form a bond with another atom • The Octet rule states that biologically important elements interact to produce chemically stable arrangements of 8 electrons in t ...
Energy in Ecosystems Part 2 : Cell Respiration
... A. This is the third stage of aerobic respiration (also called the ETC) which takes place within the inner mitochondrial membrane. B. Energized electrons in the carrier molecules are passed from protein to protein (along a chain) to produce 32 molecules of ATP. C. H2O is created by combining O2 mole ...
... A. This is the third stage of aerobic respiration (also called the ETC) which takes place within the inner mitochondrial membrane. B. Energized electrons in the carrier molecules are passed from protein to protein (along a chain) to produce 32 molecules of ATP. C. H2O is created by combining O2 mole ...
enzyme
... • What is the function of a lipid? • T/F Carbon can stably bind with other carbons? • What is the monomer of a protein? • BONUS – What is dehydration synthesis? What is hydrolysis? ...
... • What is the function of a lipid? • T/F Carbon can stably bind with other carbons? • What is the monomer of a protein? • BONUS – What is dehydration synthesis? What is hydrolysis? ...
Unit 3 Test - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... B. True and False (1 point each) ___ Combustibility is the ability of a substance to react with acids ___ Sugar disappearing in water is an example of a solution ___ Raisins in Raisin Bran are an example of a solution ___ Lighting a test tube of acetylene gas is an example of a reaction with acid __ ...
... B. True and False (1 point each) ___ Combustibility is the ability of a substance to react with acids ___ Sugar disappearing in water is an example of a solution ___ Raisins in Raisin Bran are an example of a solution ___ Lighting a test tube of acetylene gas is an example of a reaction with acid __ ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... These cells do NOT contain organelles, so cell respiration occurs in the cell membrane ...
... These cells do NOT contain organelles, so cell respiration occurs in the cell membrane ...
2. How we study biology • The scientific method requires controls
... stripping of hydrogen from the food. In many cases the oxidation requires oxygen. As long as life forms can produce chemical energy from some form of hydrogen donor-life is good. Reproduction is the method whereby the survival of the species is assured and at the chemical level this requires the tra ...
... stripping of hydrogen from the food. In many cases the oxidation requires oxygen. As long as life forms can produce chemical energy from some form of hydrogen donor-life is good. Reproduction is the method whereby the survival of the species is assured and at the chemical level this requires the tra ...
2t.7 Cellular work
... Some phosphorylated enzyme substrates are activated for subsequent reactions they would not ordinarily undergo. The process of activation often involves a coupled reaction-an energeticallyunfauorable reaction is made to occur by being linked to a reaction that is energetically ueryfauorable (uery ex ...
... Some phosphorylated enzyme substrates are activated for subsequent reactions they would not ordinarily undergo. The process of activation often involves a coupled reaction-an energeticallyunfauorable reaction is made to occur by being linked to a reaction that is energetically ueryfauorable (uery ex ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.