![transition metals](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007117524_1-5291596bac881616c5fc4cc8f7483252-300x300.png)
transition metals
... number of the metal ion in complex ion: be sure to label the inner sphere (ligands bonded covalently to the metal) and outer sphere ligands (counter ions) in the complex! ...
... number of the metal ion in complex ion: be sure to label the inner sphere (ligands bonded covalently to the metal) and outer sphere ligands (counter ions) in the complex! ...
Lecture notes Chapter 27-28
... Consider a tuna sandwich for our example. In stage 1 of metabolism, the processes of digestion break down the large macromolecules into small monomer units. The polysaccharides in bread break down to monosaccharides, the lipids in the mayonnaise break down to glycerol and fatty acids, and the prote ...
... Consider a tuna sandwich for our example. In stage 1 of metabolism, the processes of digestion break down the large macromolecules into small monomer units. The polysaccharides in bread break down to monosaccharides, the lipids in the mayonnaise break down to glycerol and fatty acids, and the prote ...
Lactic Acid Fermentation
... there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be NO ATP made again. This will cause the organism to die. Therefore, a recycling program is needed to get the NADH back to NAD+. In alcohol fermentation, the ...
... there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be NO ATP made again. This will cause the organism to die. Therefore, a recycling program is needed to get the NADH back to NAD+. In alcohol fermentation, the ...
What Is A Free Radical? - The International Dermal Institute
... exposure to sunlight and air pollutants. While there are many types of free radicals that can be formed, the most common in aerobic (oxygen breathing) organisms are oxygen free radicals, often referred to as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which include superoxides, hydroxyl anions, hydrogen peroxide ...
... exposure to sunlight and air pollutants. While there are many types of free radicals that can be formed, the most common in aerobic (oxygen breathing) organisms are oxygen free radicals, often referred to as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which include superoxides, hydroxyl anions, hydrogen peroxide ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Green Local Schools
... along the many folds (cristae) of the mitochondria 4 NADH from Glycolysis produce a total of 12 ATP 6 NADH from Kreb’s produce a total of 18 ATP 2 FADH2 from Kreb’s produce a total of 4 ATP Electron Transport Chain Produces a TOTAL of 34 ATP ...
... along the many folds (cristae) of the mitochondria 4 NADH from Glycolysis produce a total of 12 ATP 6 NADH from Kreb’s produce a total of 18 ATP 2 FADH2 from Kreb’s produce a total of 4 ATP Electron Transport Chain Produces a TOTAL of 34 ATP ...
Document
... In anaerobic metabolism, pyruvate is converted to lactate. However, in the presence of sufficient oxygen, pyruvate can be oxidised for energy in the mitochondria (the energy factories of the cell). Glucose, a six carbon molecule, is converted to two molecules of pyruvate, a three carbon molecule. Wh ...
... In anaerobic metabolism, pyruvate is converted to lactate. However, in the presence of sufficient oxygen, pyruvate can be oxidised for energy in the mitochondria (the energy factories of the cell). Glucose, a six carbon molecule, is converted to two molecules of pyruvate, a three carbon molecule. Wh ...
Chapter 9 – Respiration
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt ...
Modified from Carley Karsten Lecture 8
... 3. ATP is the most common source of cellular energy because it can donate phosphate groups. a. ATP = ribose + adenine + 3 phosphate groups. b. The three phosphate groups are what make ATP so energetic: all those negative charges crammed together “want” to get away from each other. When they do, ATP ...
... 3. ATP is the most common source of cellular energy because it can donate phosphate groups. a. ATP = ribose + adenine + 3 phosphate groups. b. The three phosphate groups are what make ATP so energetic: all those negative charges crammed together “want” to get away from each other. When they do, ATP ...
File - Pomp
... releases approx. 7.3 kcal/mol High amount of energy in relation to what other molecules can deliver ...
... releases approx. 7.3 kcal/mol High amount of energy in relation to what other molecules can deliver ...
Glycolysis and fermentation
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
Enzymes
... ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC • Every enzyme can only be used for one reaction. Each one can only bond with one substrate • So every time you have a new substrate, you need a new enzyme • This is called being SUBSTRATE SPECIFIC ...
... ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC • Every enzyme can only be used for one reaction. Each one can only bond with one substrate • So every time you have a new substrate, you need a new enzyme • This is called being SUBSTRATE SPECIFIC ...
Document
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
Cell and Cell Metabolism Quiz
... It allows everything to enter but is selective about what leaves. The membrane is permeable only during optimal cell conditions. It allows some substances to pass through and keeps others out. It is selective about what enters but will allow everything to leave the cell. ...
... It allows everything to enter but is selective about what leaves. The membrane is permeable only during optimal cell conditions. It allows some substances to pass through and keeps others out. It is selective about what enters but will allow everything to leave the cell. ...
Cellular Respiration
... breakdown of compounds in the Krebs cycle is used to reduce NAD -> NADH and FAD -> FADH • NADH & FADH donate electrons to the ETC on the inner mitochondrial ...
... breakdown of compounds in the Krebs cycle is used to reduce NAD -> NADH and FAD -> FADH • NADH & FADH donate electrons to the ETC on the inner mitochondrial ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and each react with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Krebs Cycle- breaks down the acetyl CoA to produce CO2, hydrogen, and ATP. ...
... Glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and each react with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Krebs Cycle- breaks down the acetyl CoA to produce CO2, hydrogen, and ATP. ...
Anaerobic respiration
... the lactate build up directly which causes muscular fatigue, it is this pH reduction). The enzyme which catalyses the oxidation of NADH2 and the reduction of pyruvate to lactate is called lactate dehydrogenase. ...
... the lactate build up directly which causes muscular fatigue, it is this pH reduction). The enzyme which catalyses the oxidation of NADH2 and the reduction of pyruvate to lactate is called lactate dehydrogenase. ...
ppt10 - Plant Agriculture
... Different C-C combinations can join together to help form the backbone of amino acids (along with N, S, etc.) and all the other molecules of the cell. How can energy be derived from the 3C molecules? 3C is broken down to 2C, which enters the mitochondrion. There, the C-C bonds are broken to create 2 ...
... Different C-C combinations can join together to help form the backbone of amino acids (along with N, S, etc.) and all the other molecules of the cell. How can energy be derived from the 3C molecules? 3C is broken down to 2C, which enters the mitochondrion. There, the C-C bonds are broken to create 2 ...
Regulation on Cellular respiration
... enter the respiratory pathway at several points. • For example: the amino acids Gly, Ser, Ala, and Cys are converted into pyruvic acid and enter the mitochondria to be respired. • Acetyl-CoA and several intermediates in the Kreb’s cycle serve as entry points for most of the other amino acids. ...
... enter the respiratory pathway at several points. • For example: the amino acids Gly, Ser, Ala, and Cys are converted into pyruvic acid and enter the mitochondria to be respired. • Acetyl-CoA and several intermediates in the Kreb’s cycle serve as entry points for most of the other amino acids. ...
Cellular Respiration
... •4 ATP (net) and 2 NADH are produced per glucose. •The net yield from glycolysis is 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose. •No CO2 is produced during glycolysis. •Glycolysis occurs whether O2 is present or not. •If O2 is present, pyruvate moves to the Krebs cycle and the energy stored in NADH can be converte ...
... •4 ATP (net) and 2 NADH are produced per glucose. •The net yield from glycolysis is 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose. •No CO2 is produced during glycolysis. •Glycolysis occurs whether O2 is present or not. •If O2 is present, pyruvate moves to the Krebs cycle and the energy stored in NADH can be converte ...
Quiz Ch 6
... Dr Atkins dies in 2003 He is credited with revolutionizing the diet world with his theory that you can lose weight by eating fat, and his followers hailed him as a pioneer. His critics accused him of selling a dangerous idea, but Atkins dismissed their claims. Atkins' diet books were some of the be ...
... Dr Atkins dies in 2003 He is credited with revolutionizing the diet world with his theory that you can lose weight by eating fat, and his followers hailed him as a pioneer. His critics accused him of selling a dangerous idea, but Atkins dismissed their claims. Atkins' diet books were some of the be ...
Other ways to make ATP
... electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3-, SO4-2). – Organic molecules like glucose still source of energy – Just like aerobic respiration but w/o O2 – basis for lab identification test ...
... electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3-, SO4-2). – Organic molecules like glucose still source of energy – Just like aerobic respiration but w/o O2 – basis for lab identification test ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... • There is a relationship between equilibrium constant and free energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is called the “standard” free energy • DGo’ is a reflection of the chemical potential (stability of bonds) – Negative DGo’ mean ...
... • There is a relationship between equilibrium constant and free energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is called the “standard” free energy • DGo’ is a reflection of the chemical potential (stability of bonds) – Negative DGo’ mean ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 4 RNA, Lipids, Membranes 1
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since ∆G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-∆G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
... (11) The phosphate added to glucose in step 1 of glycolysis is removed in step 10. As a result all intermediates in glycolysis, except glucose and pyruvate, will contain radioactive phosphate. (12) Standard free energy and equilibrium constants: a. Since ∆G°’ = -RT ln K, K = e (-∆G°’ / RT) , T = 298 ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.