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Sample exam 1
... 6. Gastric juice has a pH of 1.5 and is produced by pumping HCl from blood plasma (pH 7.4) into the stomach. a. Calculate the free energy required to concentrate the H+ in 1 L of gastric juice at 37°C. For this problem, you can ignore the effects of the transmembrane electrical potential difference. ...
... 6. Gastric juice has a pH of 1.5 and is produced by pumping HCl from blood plasma (pH 7.4) into the stomach. a. Calculate the free energy required to concentrate the H+ in 1 L of gastric juice at 37°C. For this problem, you can ignore the effects of the transmembrane electrical potential difference. ...
Chemistry (B) Final Exam Study Guide 1
... ____ 51. What is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital? a. sphere c. bar b. dumbbell d. two perpendicular dumbbells ____ 52. What is the electron configuration of potassium? a. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s c. 1s 2s 3s 3p 3d b. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p d. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s ____ 53. Which of the following electromagnetic wav ...
... ____ 51. What is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital? a. sphere c. bar b. dumbbell d. two perpendicular dumbbells ____ 52. What is the electron configuration of potassium? a. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s c. 1s 2s 3s 3p 3d b. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p d. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s ____ 53. Which of the following electromagnetic wav ...
FUNCTIONS OF CELL ORGANELLES
... Nucleus has got a major sub compartmentnucleolus. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is located in the ...
... Nucleus has got a major sub compartmentnucleolus. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is located in the ...
ATP
... The electron transport chain • In the electron transport chain, the carrier molecules NADH and FADH2 give up electrons that pass through a series of reactions. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor forming water. • This sets up a H+ (proton) gradient. • Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... The electron transport chain • In the electron transport chain, the carrier molecules NADH and FADH2 give up electrons that pass through a series of reactions. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor forming water. • This sets up a H+ (proton) gradient. • Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Exam 3 Review Sheet Chemistry 1120 Spring 2003 Dr. Doug Harris
... Review the vitamins necessary to create the coenzymes NAD, FAD, and Co-A. Review the oxidized and reduced forms of NAD and FAD. Review the general reaction characteristics that involve NAD and FAD (ie. C-C forms C=C with the help of FAD). Review what is added/removed to/from each of the coenzymes du ...
... Review the vitamins necessary to create the coenzymes NAD, FAD, and Co-A. Review the oxidized and reduced forms of NAD and FAD. Review the general reaction characteristics that involve NAD and FAD (ie. C-C forms C=C with the help of FAD). Review what is added/removed to/from each of the coenzymes du ...
answer key
... spatially separated from the Calvin cycle (the former occurs in mesophyll cells and the latter in bundle-sheath cells), whereas in CAM plants the two are temporally separated (CO 2 fixation occurs at night and the Calvin cycle during the day, both within the same cells). ...
... spatially separated from the Calvin cycle (the former occurs in mesophyll cells and the latter in bundle-sheath cells), whereas in CAM plants the two are temporally separated (CO 2 fixation occurs at night and the Calvin cycle during the day, both within the same cells). ...
BI0 120 cell and tissues
... B. The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. C. The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. D. The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. E. ATP synthesis associ ...
... B. The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. C. The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. D. The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. E. ATP synthesis associ ...
ATP
... Only about 1/10th of one percent of the human genome differs from person to person Inborn Errors of Metabolism • Occurs from inheriting a mutation that ...
... Only about 1/10th of one percent of the human genome differs from person to person Inborn Errors of Metabolism • Occurs from inheriting a mutation that ...
practice exam
... B. occurs only under starvation conditions. C. takes place in the cytosol. D. allows acetyl CoA to be made into net glucose. E. is favored when the citric acid cycle is inhibited. 3. ______ Which statement concerning fatty acid synthesis is false? A. Fatty acid synthesis from acetyl CoA requires ATP ...
... B. occurs only under starvation conditions. C. takes place in the cytosol. D. allows acetyl CoA to be made into net glucose. E. is favored when the citric acid cycle is inhibited. 3. ______ Which statement concerning fatty acid synthesis is false? A. Fatty acid synthesis from acetyl CoA requires ATP ...
Photosynthesis & Respiration
... specialized structure – the mitochondrion – that generates energy. ...
... specialized structure – the mitochondrion – that generates energy. ...
Aerobic Energy Systems
... beta-oxidation to acetyl CoA which enters the Kreb’s cycle (and eventually electron transport chain). Even more ATP can produced from fat than from glucose (during electron transport chain) but far more O2 is required. Fat is therefore an excellent energy source at rest or low intensity exercise but ...
... beta-oxidation to acetyl CoA which enters the Kreb’s cycle (and eventually electron transport chain). Even more ATP can produced from fat than from glucose (during electron transport chain) but far more O2 is required. Fat is therefore an excellent energy source at rest or low intensity exercise but ...
Due: 2015. 10. 12. 11:00 am (월)
... The kinetics of allosteric enzymes usually does not fit on Michaelis-Menten equation because modulator (regulator) that binds to the enzyme changes the activity on the substrate(S). Thus there are two states, R and T state. A model that hypothesizes the existence of equilibrium between the two state ...
... The kinetics of allosteric enzymes usually does not fit on Michaelis-Menten equation because modulator (regulator) that binds to the enzyme changes the activity on the substrate(S). Thus there are two states, R and T state. A model that hypothesizes the existence of equilibrium between the two state ...
Exam 2 Review - Iowa State University
... c) inhibit pyruvate metabolism d) decrease the ATP yield in oxidative phosphorylation 19. Which of the following statements concerning the metabolic degradation of glucose (C6H12O6) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water is (are) true? a) The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is exergonic, ...
... c) inhibit pyruvate metabolism d) decrease the ATP yield in oxidative phosphorylation 19. Which of the following statements concerning the metabolic degradation of glucose (C6H12O6) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water is (are) true? a) The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is exergonic, ...
Cellular Respiration
... The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells. This cycle is also called the Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle. The greatly simplified cycle below starts with pyruvate, which is the end product of ...
... The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells. This cycle is also called the Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle. The greatly simplified cycle below starts with pyruvate, which is the end product of ...
Cellular Metabolism - Napa Valley College
... must first be broken down into glucose before entering glycolysis ...
... must first be broken down into glucose before entering glycolysis ...
IPHY 3430 1-11-11 If you missed class on Tuesday, please pick up
... For each NADH, 3 ATPs are formed. For each FADH2, 2 ATPs are formed. ...
... For each NADH, 3 ATPs are formed. For each FADH2, 2 ATPs are formed. ...
heat, chemical, radiant, etc.
... For each NADH, 3 ATPs are formed. For each FADH2, 2 ATPs are formed. ...
... For each NADH, 3 ATPs are formed. For each FADH2, 2 ATPs are formed. ...
Limits of Human Performance
... • Complete oxidation of palmitate (16C fatty acid) – C16H32O2 + 23O2 → 16CO2 + 16H2O + 129 ATP – And there are 3 fatty acids per molecule of fat (so, 387 ATP) ...
... • Complete oxidation of palmitate (16C fatty acid) – C16H32O2 + 23O2 → 16CO2 + 16H2O + 129 ATP – And there are 3 fatty acids per molecule of fat (so, 387 ATP) ...
info and study guide
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: Overall reaction, purpose of cofactors, mechanism involving TPP Citric acid Cycle: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, mechanisms presented in slides only (See worksheet) Electron transport chain: know complexes by ...
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: Overall reaction, purpose of cofactors, mechanism involving TPP Citric acid Cycle: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, mechanisms presented in slides only (See worksheet) Electron transport chain: know complexes by ...
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
... Sum of oxidation numbers equals overall charge. Advice: Remember which elements take precedence, and make the others adjust. In a compound or as an ion, alkali metals will always be +1. In a compound or an ion, alkaline metals will always be +2. (The other atoms in the compound have to adjust their ...
... Sum of oxidation numbers equals overall charge. Advice: Remember which elements take precedence, and make the others adjust. In a compound or as an ion, alkali metals will always be +1. In a compound or an ion, alkaline metals will always be +2. (The other atoms in the compound have to adjust their ...
Biochemical Reactions
... Energy is the capacity to do work. Cells generate most of their energy from redox reactions. When electrons are transferred to an electron deficient molecule, energy is lost. Several redox reactions provide enough energy for ATP synthesis. The ultimate source of energy used by most organisms on eart ...
... Energy is the capacity to do work. Cells generate most of their energy from redox reactions. When electrons are transferred to an electron deficient molecule, energy is lost. Several redox reactions provide enough energy for ATP synthesis. The ultimate source of energy used by most organisms on eart ...
Glycolysis Puzzle: Concept Map of "Splitting of Glucose"
... The PO4 group is removed and transferred to ADP resulting in the production an ______molecule via substrate level phosphorylation. [delta G = -4.0 kcal/mole] ...
... The PO4 group is removed and transferred to ADP resulting in the production an ______molecule via substrate level phosphorylation. [delta G = -4.0 kcal/mole] ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.