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Photosynthesis
... Photosynthesis • An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO2) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H2O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). SUN photons ...
... Photosynthesis • An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO2) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H2O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). SUN photons ...
Energy Transformation — Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Review with the class that oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction that involves electrons passing from one molecule to another. Oxidation (also splitting) is the loss of electrons while reduction is the gain of electrons. You can show this picture to your students and try to ask questions so that you ...
... Review with the class that oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction that involves electrons passing from one molecule to another. Oxidation (also splitting) is the loss of electrons while reduction is the gain of electrons. You can show this picture to your students and try to ask questions so that you ...
File
... pH of the blood. It is a tertiary protein that bonds to iron, which gives it its red hue when carrying oxygen. ...
... pH of the blood. It is a tertiary protein that bonds to iron, which gives it its red hue when carrying oxygen. ...
Biochemistry of Sulfur
... a leader peptide with a twin-arginine translocation motif (TAT) not present in the mature protein suggesting a transport across the membrane (Fig. 7). Fe and Ni were present in membrane and in enriched hydrogenase fractions in accordance with the observed sequence similarity. The Ac. ambivalens SR g ...
... a leader peptide with a twin-arginine translocation motif (TAT) not present in the mature protein suggesting a transport across the membrane (Fig. 7). Fe and Ni were present in membrane and in enriched hydrogenase fractions in accordance with the observed sequence similarity. The Ac. ambivalens SR g ...
Muscle cells generate force by shortening their length via chemical
... 2) Major fuels: Glycolysis in cytosol and fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria, both create NADH 3) Mitochondria use NADH to make ATP with oxygen required as electron acceptor 4) Mitochondria #1 ATP production site if O2 present 5) What happens when ATP demand surpasses the supply of oxygen require ...
... 2) Major fuels: Glycolysis in cytosol and fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria, both create NADH 3) Mitochondria use NADH to make ATP with oxygen required as electron acceptor 4) Mitochondria #1 ATP production site if O2 present 5) What happens when ATP demand surpasses the supply of oxygen require ...
BIOLOGY COMPETITION REVIEW QUESTIONS PRACTICE EXAM
... b. ATP synthesis in the chloroplast occurs in the thylakoid region of this organelle. c. Proton motive force (proton gradient) drives the formation of ATP in mitochondria. d. ATP synthases are protein complexes that allow protons to cross membranes. e. Substrate level phosphorylation of ADP does not ...
... b. ATP synthesis in the chloroplast occurs in the thylakoid region of this organelle. c. Proton motive force (proton gradient) drives the formation of ATP in mitochondria. d. ATP synthases are protein complexes that allow protons to cross membranes. e. Substrate level phosphorylation of ADP does not ...
File - Mrs. LeCompte
... Occurs along the inner membrane of the mitochondria Accepts energized electrons (e-s) from reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) Couples the exergonic slide of e-s to ATP synthesis or… OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION = ATP production that is coupled to the exergonic transfer of e-s from food to oxygen ...
... Occurs along the inner membrane of the mitochondria Accepts energized electrons (e-s) from reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) Couples the exergonic slide of e-s to ATP synthesis or… OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION = ATP production that is coupled to the exergonic transfer of e-s from food to oxygen ...
Guided reading Ch 9- ENERGY IN A CELL
... chloroplast. As electrons are passed from protein to protein, energy is __________ and used to make ATP from ADP or to pump ______ ions into the center of the thylakoid sacs. After the electrons travel down the ETC, they are re-energized in a photosystem 1 and passed down a second ETC. The electrons ...
... chloroplast. As electrons are passed from protein to protein, energy is __________ and used to make ATP from ADP or to pump ______ ions into the center of the thylakoid sacs. After the electrons travel down the ETC, they are re-energized in a photosystem 1 and passed down a second ETC. The electrons ...
Cellular Respiration notes Cellular respiration is
... membrane of the mitochondria. b) Through a series of reactions, "high energy" electrons are passed to oxygen. In the process, a gradient is formed, and ultimately ATP is produced. ...
... membrane of the mitochondria. b) Through a series of reactions, "high energy" electrons are passed to oxygen. In the process, a gradient is formed, and ultimately ATP is produced. ...
Enzyme Notes Activation Energy
... ATP – Energy Currency • Within a cell, formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over and over, storing energy each time. • As the cell uses energy, ATP breaks down repeatedly to release energy and form ADP and phosphate. ...
... ATP – Energy Currency • Within a cell, formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over and over, storing energy each time. • As the cell uses energy, ATP breaks down repeatedly to release energy and form ADP and phosphate. ...
PACK 3 - Speyside High School
... Some of the chemical reactions are Catabolic and involve the breakdown of large molecules into smaller, simpler ones -e.g. digestion; respiration. Many of these reactions are Exergonic - in other words they liberate energy. Some chemical reactions are Anabolic and involve the building of complex mol ...
... Some of the chemical reactions are Catabolic and involve the breakdown of large molecules into smaller, simpler ones -e.g. digestion; respiration. Many of these reactions are Exergonic - in other words they liberate energy. Some chemical reactions are Anabolic and involve the building of complex mol ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 6: Allosteric regulation of enzymes
... according to need Catabolic pathways run if there is demand for ATP; for example glycolysis may be slowed down if beta oxidation is meeting current energy needs. Beta oxidation is more suited for slow steady delivery of energy. Glycolysis supports need for rapid delivery of energy. Pathways for bios ...
... according to need Catabolic pathways run if there is demand for ATP; for example glycolysis may be slowed down if beta oxidation is meeting current energy needs. Beta oxidation is more suited for slow steady delivery of energy. Glycolysis supports need for rapid delivery of energy. Pathways for bios ...
Exam 2 Review Sheet - Iowa State University
... D. None of the above, a stop codon doesn’t bind a charged tRNA, it binds a release ...
... D. None of the above, a stop codon doesn’t bind a charged tRNA, it binds a release ...
Summary of Metabolic Pathways
... • Under aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl coenzyme A. -Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A yields energy in the form of NADH. -Oxidation of pyruvate can only occur if the oxidized coenzyme (NAD+) is available. • Under anaerobic conditions, the NADH which accumulates is no ...
... • Under aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl coenzyme A. -Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A yields energy in the form of NADH. -Oxidation of pyruvate can only occur if the oxidized coenzyme (NAD+) is available. • Under anaerobic conditions, the NADH which accumulates is no ...
2. Photosynthesis of green plants Photosynthesis of
... Cells can, however, not use or store this energy directly; they must first transform it into chemical energy. Redox reactions, which means displacement of electrons, play an important role in this chemical energy transformation process. Hence, cells need a source of electrons for living. All green p ...
... Cells can, however, not use or store this energy directly; they must first transform it into chemical energy. Redox reactions, which means displacement of electrons, play an important role in this chemical energy transformation process. Hence, cells need a source of electrons for living. All green p ...
Slide 1
... This conversion of energy in the cell (1st law of thermodynamics ) • an animal cell: converts chemical bond energy (in the chemical bonds between the atoms of the molecules in food) into heat energy (the random thermal motion of molecules) • A plant cell: converts photon energy (in the sun light) ...
... This conversion of energy in the cell (1st law of thermodynamics ) • an animal cell: converts chemical bond energy (in the chemical bonds between the atoms of the molecules in food) into heat energy (the random thermal motion of molecules) • A plant cell: converts photon energy (in the sun light) ...
Bio150 Practice Exam 2 Name
... A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Most of a cell's enzymes are A) lipids. B) proteins. C) amino acids. D) nucleic acids. E) carbohydrates. 11. I ...
... A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Most of a cell's enzymes are A) lipids. B) proteins. C) amino acids. D) nucleic acids. E) carbohydrates. 11. I ...
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 sets of main reactions in the chloroplast
... 18. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 20. The chloroplast contains ...
... 18. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 20. The chloroplast contains ...
Cellular respiration
... Partial oxidation of glucose to form pyruvic acid. A small amount of ATP is made. Some NAD is reduced to form NADH. The major glycolytic pathway in cells is the ...
... Partial oxidation of glucose to form pyruvic acid. A small amount of ATP is made. Some NAD is reduced to form NADH. The major glycolytic pathway in cells is the ...
Lecture_3_17012017
... Ion gradients can couple endergonic reactions with exergonic reactions. In animals, 90% of ATP is generated when the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... Ion gradients can couple endergonic reactions with exergonic reactions. In animals, 90% of ATP is generated when the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Chapter 7 Notes
... 1.) Glycolysis: sugar splitting phase (glucose is the sugar) 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose 3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use *In total makes from 34 to 38 ATP** ...
... 1.) Glycolysis: sugar splitting phase (glucose is the sugar) 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose 3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use *In total makes from 34 to 38 ATP** ...
Chapter 5 Lecture Notes: Microbial Nutrition
... 2. Carrier proteins are specific for the compound to be transported 3. Energy for the transport is derived from the concentration gradient (transport is from high concentration to low concentration. 4. Used for glycerol transport in some prokaryotes. 5. Much more important in eukaryotes D. Active tr ...
... 2. Carrier proteins are specific for the compound to be transported 3. Energy for the transport is derived from the concentration gradient (transport is from high concentration to low concentration. 4. Used for glycerol transport in some prokaryotes. 5. Much more important in eukaryotes D. Active tr ...
Pyruvate to ACETYL coA CC
... Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria to generate Acetyl-CoA, a. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol b. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria a. Fatty acids are transported across the outer mitochondrial membrane by carnitine-palmitoyl transferase I b. They are then couriered ...
... Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria to generate Acetyl-CoA, a. Activation of fatty acids in the cytosol b. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria a. Fatty acids are transported across the outer mitochondrial membrane by carnitine-palmitoyl transferase I b. They are then couriered ...
Cellular Respiration
... produce H2O. Most of the water produced will be eliminated by breathing and urination. However, some sugar wil be retained in the cell. If the sugar is not needed for cellular respiration, it will be converted to glycogen or lipids for storage. ...
... produce H2O. Most of the water produced will be eliminated by breathing and urination. However, some sugar wil be retained in the cell. If the sugar is not needed for cellular respiration, it will be converted to glycogen or lipids for storage. ...
File
... 1. Plants carry out cellular respiration. (T or F) 2. Oxidative respiration must follow glycolysis if a cell is to maximize its ATP production. . (T or F) 3. Fermentation and oxidative respiration both take place in the absence of oxygen. . (T or F) 4. Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic ...
... 1. Plants carry out cellular respiration. (T or F) 2. Oxidative respiration must follow glycolysis if a cell is to maximize its ATP production. . (T or F) 3. Fermentation and oxidative respiration both take place in the absence of oxygen. . (T or F) 4. Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.