![Sept 19th Lecture 4](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008282942_1-37d4900fa79b61ed031280daeff2616a-300x300.png)
Sept 19th Lecture 4
... 1. Nitrate is transported into the cell 2. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite (NO3- NO2-) 2a. Electrons are transferred to NADH and protons move out of the cell (PMF), generating ATP 3. Nitrite is toxic so it is transported out of the cell 4. Through a series of steps nitrite is converted to N2 (more i ...
... 1. Nitrate is transported into the cell 2. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite (NO3- NO2-) 2a. Electrons are transferred to NADH and protons move out of the cell (PMF), generating ATP 3. Nitrite is toxic so it is transported out of the cell 4. Through a series of steps nitrite is converted to N2 (more i ...
Metabolic Adaptation - Washington State University
... versus protein • Amino acids and carbohydrates are at about the same oxidation state – so although the exact pathways may vary from one amino acid to another, the yield of ATP from a gram of amino acid is about the same as the yield from a gram of glucose. • However, as in the example of the fly, am ...
... versus protein • Amino acids and carbohydrates are at about the same oxidation state – so although the exact pathways may vary from one amino acid to another, the yield of ATP from a gram of amino acid is about the same as the yield from a gram of glucose. • However, as in the example of the fly, am ...
Chemistry (CP) Final Exam Study Guide 1
... ____ 44. Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in O. a. 4 c. 16 b. 8 d. 24 ____ 45. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Atoms of the same element can have different masses. b. Atoms of isotopes of an element have different numbers of protons. c. The nucleus of an ...
... ____ 44. Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in O. a. 4 c. 16 b. 8 d. 24 ____ 45. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Atoms of the same element can have different masses. b. Atoms of isotopes of an element have different numbers of protons. c. The nucleus of an ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Ms. Tripp
... oxidation-reduction reaction (redox). – the loss of electrons from one substance is oxidation – the addition of electrons to another substance is reduction • Cellular respiration uses redox reactions to harvest the chemical energy stored in a glucose molecule. – In cellular respiration the electron ...
... oxidation-reduction reaction (redox). – the loss of electrons from one substance is oxidation – the addition of electrons to another substance is reduction • Cellular respiration uses redox reactions to harvest the chemical energy stored in a glucose molecule. – In cellular respiration the electron ...
Cellular Respiration
... In a general sense, fermentation is the conversion of a carbohydrate such as sugar into an acid or an alcohol. More specifically, fermentation can refer to the use of yeast to change sugar into alcohol or the use of bacteria to create lactic acid in certain foods. Fermentation occurs naturally in ma ...
... In a general sense, fermentation is the conversion of a carbohydrate such as sugar into an acid or an alcohol. More specifically, fermentation can refer to the use of yeast to change sugar into alcohol or the use of bacteria to create lactic acid in certain foods. Fermentation occurs naturally in ma ...
Chapter 15 Metabolism: Basic concepts and design Part Ⅰ
... anticancer drugs. The exact mechanism of action of this class of agents is, however, currently unknown. The drugs inhibit farnesylation of a wide range of target proteins, including Ras. It is thought that these agents block Ras activation through inhibition of the enzyme farnesyl transferase, ultim ...
... anticancer drugs. The exact mechanism of action of this class of agents is, however, currently unknown. The drugs inhibit farnesylation of a wide range of target proteins, including Ras. It is thought that these agents block Ras activation through inhibition of the enzyme farnesyl transferase, ultim ...
cellresp - Otterville R
... All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
... All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
Energy Metabolism Review
... Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy-Releasing Pathways All organisms produce ATP by releasing energy stored in glucose and other sugars. ...
... Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy-Releasing Pathways All organisms produce ATP by releasing energy stored in glucose and other sugars. ...
Bios 302 FINAL FOR 1999.
... 5. (16 pts) a. Explain the functional difference(s) between channels, carriers and pumps. Give an example of each. ...
... 5. (16 pts) a. Explain the functional difference(s) between channels, carriers and pumps. Give an example of each. ...
2005 MCB 3020 Study Objectives, Part 2
... • Understand glycolysis. I will not ask you to memorize the specific steps or intermediates, but I would like you to know the overall reaction (slide 286); that glucose becomes OXIDIZED and that the electrons are transferred to NAD+ making NADH (an intermediate electron carrier); that ATP is produce ...
... • Understand glycolysis. I will not ask you to memorize the specific steps or intermediates, but I would like you to know the overall reaction (slide 286); that glucose becomes OXIDIZED and that the electrons are transferred to NAD+ making NADH (an intermediate electron carrier); that ATP is produce ...
General Chemistry 110 Quiz 1
... a. A metabolic branch point of glycolysis (prior to pyruvate). Discuss the metabolic choices and how the cell decides which path to follow. b. The hormonal regulation of blood glucose and the effect it has on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen metabolism. Mention any organs involved in this p ...
... a. A metabolic branch point of glycolysis (prior to pyruvate). Discuss the metabolic choices and how the cell decides which path to follow. b. The hormonal regulation of blood glucose and the effect it has on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen metabolism. Mention any organs involved in this p ...
CO2 would move across a plasma membrane more quickly than
... Something is inhibiting his cells from using oxygen. Glycolysis occurs, but with no usable oxygen respiration cannot continue. ...
... Something is inhibiting his cells from using oxygen. Glycolysis occurs, but with no usable oxygen respiration cannot continue. ...
Nugget
... Interfacial electron transfer (ET) from molecular adsorbates and metal or semiconductor nanoparticles/thin films is an essential process in applications including photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and photography. The emerging field of heterogeneous photocatalysis is of particular interest fo ...
... Interfacial electron transfer (ET) from molecular adsorbates and metal or semiconductor nanoparticles/thin films is an essential process in applications including photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and photography. The emerging field of heterogeneous photocatalysis is of particular interest fo ...
Untitled
... both their presence & their rate of activity are important to chemical reactions in the body. ...
... both their presence & their rate of activity are important to chemical reactions in the body. ...
Photosynthesis
... oxygen is then released. 3. The Electrons from water are excited and passed down from PhotosystemII to PhotosystemI. The free Hydrogen ions are transported across the thylakoid membrane and are used to produce ATP and NADPH. ...
... oxygen is then released. 3. The Electrons from water are excited and passed down from PhotosystemII to PhotosystemI. The free Hydrogen ions are transported across the thylakoid membrane and are used to produce ATP and NADPH. ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... During electron flow Complexes I, III, and IV pump protons into the intermembrane space creating a proton gradient. Protons pass through ATP synthase to return to the matrix. The flow of protons through ATP synthase provides the energy ...
... During electron flow Complexes I, III, and IV pump protons into the intermembrane space creating a proton gradient. Protons pass through ATP synthase to return to the matrix. The flow of protons through ATP synthase provides the energy ...
Basic Principle in Plant Physiology
... • Each is a reduced molecule, i.e., has many hydrogen atoms (an electron, e- , & a proton, H+) • Upon being oxidized, the molecule loses electrons. • The energy associated with the electrons is ultimately conserved in ATP. • Are catabolic reactions ...
... • Each is a reduced molecule, i.e., has many hydrogen atoms (an electron, e- , & a proton, H+) • Upon being oxidized, the molecule loses electrons. • The energy associated with the electrons is ultimately conserved in ATP. • Are catabolic reactions ...
Section 2 Molecules of Life
... Amino acids- the building block or subunit of proteins There are 20 amino acids and they are linked together ...
... Amino acids- the building block or subunit of proteins There are 20 amino acids and they are linked together ...
Answer Set 2
... forward reactions does not take place to a significant extent. Under intracellular conditions, ΔG is -1.3 kJ/mol. Using the equation ΔG = ΔGo’ + RT ln [products]/[reactants] and solving for [products]/[reactants] gives a ratio of 3.7 x 10-5. Thus, a reaction that is endergonic under standard conditi ...
... forward reactions does not take place to a significant extent. Under intracellular conditions, ΔG is -1.3 kJ/mol. Using the equation ΔG = ΔGo’ + RT ln [products]/[reactants] and solving for [products]/[reactants] gives a ratio of 3.7 x 10-5. Thus, a reaction that is endergonic under standard conditi ...
Cellular Respiration
... The Electron Transport System 1. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to the first protein in the electron transport system (ETS). 2. Electrons pass from energy carrier to the next. 3. With each transfer, energy is released 4. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the outer compartment of the mi ...
... The Electron Transport System 1. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to the first protein in the electron transport system (ETS). 2. Electrons pass from energy carrier to the next. 3. With each transfer, energy is released 4. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the outer compartment of the mi ...
REVIEW FOR FINALS TT^TT (TEEHEE)x
... electrons are transported across a membranes to pump hydrogen ions across into the intermembrane compartment Intermembrane area- between outer membrane and inner membrane, part of the electron transport system Chemiosmosis- where hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient to create ATP thr ...
... electrons are transported across a membranes to pump hydrogen ions across into the intermembrane compartment Intermembrane area- between outer membrane and inner membrane, part of the electron transport system Chemiosmosis- where hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient to create ATP thr ...
Chapter 5 Test Review Notes
... The nucleus of an atom does not contain electrons, but has protons and neutrons. Atoms that have gained or lost an electron are called ions. The smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element is called an atom. Lead has an electron configuration of 2,8,18,32, 18,4. How many ...
... The nucleus of an atom does not contain electrons, but has protons and neutrons. Atoms that have gained or lost an electron are called ions. The smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element is called an atom. Lead has an electron configuration of 2,8,18,32, 18,4. How many ...
BCHM 562, Biochemistry II
... 3. NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced, to form NADH. 4. NADH is a reducing agent – it can donate electrons. 5. Electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD+. 6. NADPH is NADH with an extra phosphate group on the 2’ site of the ribos ...
... 3. NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced, to form NADH. 4. NADH is a reducing agent – it can donate electrons. 5. Electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD+. 6. NADPH is NADH with an extra phosphate group on the 2’ site of the ribos ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.