SHOW Biochemistry- atoms, acids,macro
... • Composed of nucleotides • Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate • Nucleic acids include: DNA, RNA, ATP, and NAD ...
... • Composed of nucleotides • Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate • Nucleic acids include: DNA, RNA, ATP, and NAD ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Photolysis: Making Oxygen 2) tyrZ + oxidizes one of the Mn atoms in the OEC Mn cluster is an e- reservoir Once 4 Mn are oxidized replace e- by stealing them from 2 H2O ...
... Photolysis: Making Oxygen 2) tyrZ + oxidizes one of the Mn atoms in the OEC Mn cluster is an e- reservoir Once 4 Mn are oxidized replace e- by stealing them from 2 H2O ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... respiration oxidizes a molecule of glucose to six CO2 molecules. Four ATP molecules are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Many more ATP molecules are generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Each NADH from the citric acid cycle and the conv ...
... respiration oxidizes a molecule of glucose to six CO2 molecules. Four ATP molecules are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Many more ATP molecules are generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Each NADH from the citric acid cycle and the conv ...
Honors Biology Notes:
... Electron Transport chain and ______________________________________________ – occurs on the ___________________ of the mitochondria – produces up to ________________________ – _____________________ process a maximum of ___________ molecules ATP are produced per molecule of glucose during cellular re ...
... Electron Transport chain and ______________________________________________ – occurs on the ___________________ of the mitochondria – produces up to ________________________ – _____________________ process a maximum of ___________ molecules ATP are produced per molecule of glucose during cellular re ...
High-resolution structures of plant and cyanobacterial Photosystem I
... new crystal form. The crystal belongs to P212121 symmetry space group, with one protein complex in each asymmetric unit. The structure includes 16 subunits and more than 200 prosthetic groups, the majority of which are light harvesting pigments. The model reveals detailed interactions, providing mec ...
... new crystal form. The crystal belongs to P212121 symmetry space group, with one protein complex in each asymmetric unit. The structure includes 16 subunits and more than 200 prosthetic groups, the majority of which are light harvesting pigments. The model reveals detailed interactions, providing mec ...
Document
... An industrially important element contains 26 electrons and rusts in the presence of air and moisture. Identify the element. ...
... An industrially important element contains 26 electrons and rusts in the presence of air and moisture. Identify the element. ...
VI. LIGHT REACTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, cont
... o Visible light is a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. o Light absorbed by chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments to power reactions is not seen. Light not utilized by plant is reflected & seen by human eye. (Leaf appears green b/c it reflects green &absorbs red and blue light) o ...
... o Visible light is a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. o Light absorbed by chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments to power reactions is not seen. Light not utilized by plant is reflected & seen by human eye. (Leaf appears green b/c it reflects green &absorbs red and blue light) o ...
General Biology I (BIOLS 102)
... NADH-Q reductase complex Cytochrome reductase complex Cytochrome oxidase complex ...
... NADH-Q reductase complex Cytochrome reductase complex Cytochrome oxidase complex ...
Note packet
... ________________ this color. ______________________ is one of the most abundant pigments in a plant which absorbs the red and blue colors of the spectrum and reflects ________________ which is what makes plants appear green. The light plants absorb is used to undergo __________________________. ...
... ________________ this color. ______________________ is one of the most abundant pigments in a plant which absorbs the red and blue colors of the spectrum and reflects ________________ which is what makes plants appear green. The light plants absorb is used to undergo __________________________. ...
Practice Questions
... In the experiment in which heterokaryons were made by fusing mouse and human cells, (1) what happened to the mouse and human membrane proteins after several hours and (2) what property of membranes did this demonstrate? 1) They intermixed and became homogeneous around the membrane 2) That they were ...
... In the experiment in which heterokaryons were made by fusing mouse and human cells, (1) what happened to the mouse and human membrane proteins after several hours and (2) what property of membranes did this demonstrate? 1) They intermixed and became homogeneous around the membrane 2) That they were ...
Cell Respiration
... • The movement of protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space creates a high H+ (pH = 7) concentration in the intermembrane space and a low H+ (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix – this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is releas ...
... • The movement of protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space creates a high H+ (pH = 7) concentration in the intermembrane space and a low H+ (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix – this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is releas ...
Unit# 2B Practice Exam 2B_Cell_Exam_Review
... 19. Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures? a. they have been converted to tripeptides b. their water content has been reduced c. their bonding structure has been changed d. they have combined with another enzyme 20. What determines the sequence and arrang ...
... 19. Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures? a. they have been converted to tripeptides b. their water content has been reduced c. their bonding structure has been changed d. they have combined with another enzyme 20. What determines the sequence and arrang ...
Introduction - Cedar Crest College
... The respiratory chain, the final component of glucose oxidation, is needed to make use of the generated reducing agents and the energy they possess. ...
... The respiratory chain, the final component of glucose oxidation, is needed to make use of the generated reducing agents and the energy they possess. ...
Introduction - Evergreen State College Archives
... The respiratory chain, the final component of glucose oxidation, is needed to make use of the generated reducing agents and the energy they possess. ...
... The respiratory chain, the final component of glucose oxidation, is needed to make use of the generated reducing agents and the energy they possess. ...
Cellular Respiration
... matrix where they are converted into 2 Acetyl CoA (C2). Multienzyme complex: – 1st: each Pyruvate releases CO2 to form Acetate. – 2nd: Acetate is oxidized and gives electrons and H+ ions to 2 NAD+ → 2 NADH. – 3rd Acetate is combined with Coenzyme A to produce 2 Acetyl CoA molecules. ...
... matrix where they are converted into 2 Acetyl CoA (C2). Multienzyme complex: – 1st: each Pyruvate releases CO2 to form Acetate. – 2nd: Acetate is oxidized and gives electrons and H+ ions to 2 NAD+ → 2 NADH. – 3rd Acetate is combined with Coenzyme A to produce 2 Acetyl CoA molecules. ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The diffusion of ions across a membrane – build up of proton gradient just so H+ could flow through ATP synthase enzyme to build ATP Chemiosmosis links the Electron Transport Chain to ATP synthesis ...
... • The diffusion of ions across a membrane – build up of proton gradient just so H+ could flow through ATP synthase enzyme to build ATP Chemiosmosis links the Electron Transport Chain to ATP synthesis ...
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK
... enzymes; relate structure to function of proteins; and explain enzyme catalysis and regulation; and apply thermodynamic and kinetic theories to enzyme reactions 3. Describe the physical and chemical properties of lipids, their synthesis and function in membranes and metabolism 4. Describe the centra ...
... enzymes; relate structure to function of proteins; and explain enzyme catalysis and regulation; and apply thermodynamic and kinetic theories to enzyme reactions 3. Describe the physical and chemical properties of lipids, their synthesis and function in membranes and metabolism 4. Describe the centra ...
CATALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
... 1. A and B together have some potential energy (in chemical bonds) and kinetic energy (in motion). 2. A and B collide; collision distorts or stresses bonds to the point where they can rearrange electrons; generally, this requires more potential energy (since without stress, one expects electrons to ...
... 1. A and B together have some potential energy (in chemical bonds) and kinetic energy (in motion). 2. A and B collide; collision distorts or stresses bonds to the point where they can rearrange electrons; generally, this requires more potential energy (since without stress, one expects electrons to ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration
... pick up electrons and hydrogen protons from coenzymes (NADH + H+ and FADH2) and pass them from one molecule to the next (through a series of oxidation/reduction reactions) until they are picked up by a final electron acceptor (often molecular oxygen). The number and types of proteins involved in ele ...
... pick up electrons and hydrogen protons from coenzymes (NADH + H+ and FADH2) and pass them from one molecule to the next (through a series of oxidation/reduction reactions) until they are picked up by a final electron acceptor (often molecular oxygen). The number and types of proteins involved in ele ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. ° One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ° Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. ° One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ° Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
Understanding Biochemistry
... electrons in its outer energy level, which makes it possible for each carbon atom to form four bonds with other atoms. • As a result, carbon atoms can form long chains. A huge number of different carbon compounds exist. Each compound has a different structure. For example, carbon chains can be strai ...
... electrons in its outer energy level, which makes it possible for each carbon atom to form four bonds with other atoms. • As a result, carbon atoms can form long chains. A huge number of different carbon compounds exist. Each compound has a different structure. For example, carbon chains can be strai ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.