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... C) cytochrome c D) cytochrome oxidase E) heme Circle the correct answer 8. [2 points] Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic theory is correct? A) Electron transfer in mitochondria is accompanied by an asymmetric release of protons on one side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. B ...
... C) cytochrome c D) cytochrome oxidase E) heme Circle the correct answer 8. [2 points] Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic theory is correct? A) Electron transfer in mitochondria is accompanied by an asymmetric release of protons on one side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. B ...
Exam 1
... acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain? Which pathways are aerobic and which are anaerobic? What is fermentation and what are the two types? Know the different types of thermoregulatory strategies in animals (endothermic, ectothermic, poikilothermic, and homeothermic). Be able to descri ...
... acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain? Which pathways are aerobic and which are anaerobic? What is fermentation and what are the two types? Know the different types of thermoregulatory strategies in animals (endothermic, ectothermic, poikilothermic, and homeothermic). Be able to descri ...
Review for Final Summer 2011
... General formula for cellular respiration (Endergonic or Exergonic?) Where does each reaction take place? (see your worksheet) o Glycolysis o Formation of acetyl CoA o Krebs cycle o Electron transport chain o Fermentation Glycolysis splits sugar to make ATP & NADH Pyruvate from Glycolysis eit ...
... General formula for cellular respiration (Endergonic or Exergonic?) Where does each reaction take place? (see your worksheet) o Glycolysis o Formation of acetyl CoA o Krebs cycle o Electron transport chain o Fermentation Glycolysis splits sugar to make ATP & NADH Pyruvate from Glycolysis eit ...
CP Photosynthesis Power Point
... 1. Capture light energy, make ATP 2. Split water (H2O) into 2 H+ + O + 2e1) Electrons replace those lost from chlorophyll 2) O makes oxygen gas ...
... 1. Capture light energy, make ATP 2. Split water (H2O) into 2 H+ + O + 2e1) Electrons replace those lost from chlorophyll 2) O makes oxygen gas ...
Name 1 Bio 451 12th November, 1999 EXAM III This
... a) Proteins with the sequence Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln are selectively degraded by proteasomes. b) Proteins containing sequences rich in Pro, Glu, Ser and Thr often have short halflives. c) The additionof ubiquitin protects segments of a protein from proteolysis. d) Lysosomal proteases degrade only extra ...
... a) Proteins with the sequence Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln are selectively degraded by proteasomes. b) Proteins containing sequences rich in Pro, Glu, Ser and Thr often have short halflives. c) The additionof ubiquitin protects segments of a protein from proteolysis. d) Lysosomal proteases degrade only extra ...
Part a
... Also called exchange reactions because electrons are exchanged or shared differently ◦ Electron donors lose electrons and are oxidized ◦ Electron acceptors receive electrons and become reduced ...
... Also called exchange reactions because electrons are exchanged or shared differently ◦ Electron donors lose electrons and are oxidized ◦ Electron acceptors receive electrons and become reduced ...
03 - Respiration II, Photosynthesis I (ch.9,10) Sum13
... • lots of energy harvested • released in stages • so far, 4 ATP – made by substrate phosphorylation – not as efficient • now, many ATP – made by oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • lots of energy harvested • released in stages • so far, 4 ATP – made by substrate phosphorylation – not as efficient • now, many ATP – made by oxidative phosphorylation ...
Biological membranes, cell compartments
... • Domain structure of IF is conserved. Each protein contains non-a-helix domain at N and C-ends, which frame a-helix domain of the „stick“ • Basic unit of the intemedial filaments (IF) is dimmer • Known more then 70 gens for six basic types(I - VI) IF : – I a II - keratins (epithelial and higher) – ...
... • Domain structure of IF is conserved. Each protein contains non-a-helix domain at N and C-ends, which frame a-helix domain of the „stick“ • Basic unit of the intemedial filaments (IF) is dimmer • Known more then 70 gens for six basic types(I - VI) IF : – I a II - keratins (epithelial and higher) – ...
Photosynthesis
... Photosynthesis – the process by which green plants combine CO2 and H2O in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy to form glucose and release O2 ...
... Photosynthesis – the process by which green plants combine CO2 and H2O in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy to form glucose and release O2 ...
Biology Midterm Review Guide: 2007-08
... 1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell – prokaryotic lacks a nucleus and most other organelles - eukaryotic cell has a membrane bound nucleus and organelles 2. Why is the phospholipid bilayer important- regulates the transport of substances across it, hydrophilic heads and ...
... 1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell – prokaryotic lacks a nucleus and most other organelles - eukaryotic cell has a membrane bound nucleus and organelles 2. Why is the phospholipid bilayer important- regulates the transport of substances across it, hydrophilic heads and ...
Ch. 6 ppt
... • The molecules of the electron transport chain are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner ...
... • The molecules of the electron transport chain are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner ...
Three-Point Binding Model
... • Once activated, tRNAtyr-OH can bind Step 3: • 3’-OH attacks acyl adenylate • -ve charge increases on O of carbonyl Hbonding stabilizes this charge (more in TS than in SM) • H-bonding (of Gln) is “more important” for TS ...
... • Once activated, tRNAtyr-OH can bind Step 3: • 3’-OH attacks acyl adenylate • -ve charge increases on O of carbonyl Hbonding stabilizes this charge (more in TS than in SM) • H-bonding (of Gln) is “more important” for TS ...
Catalytic Nitrene Transfer onto Isocyanide by a Redox
... Catalytic Nitrene Transfer onto Isocyanide by a Redox-Active Ligand Zirconium Complex Andy I. Nguyen Mentor: Alan Heyduk In an effort to bridge the gap between late- and early-metal reactivity, we have used redox-active ligands that are capable of multielectron valence changes. These ligands on form ...
... Catalytic Nitrene Transfer onto Isocyanide by a Redox-Active Ligand Zirconium Complex Andy I. Nguyen Mentor: Alan Heyduk In an effort to bridge the gap between late- and early-metal reactivity, we have used redox-active ligands that are capable of multielectron valence changes. These ligands on form ...
Answer key for study quide
... to eat it. How could you fix the soup so it would not be harmful? Add a strong acid to buffer the strong base, making it as close to neutral as possible. 21) Explain how and why carbon dating works. It works because carbon-14 is unstable (radioactive), an isotope and wants to become stable by conver ...
... to eat it. How could you fix the soup so it would not be harmful? Add a strong acid to buffer the strong base, making it as close to neutral as possible. 21) Explain how and why carbon dating works. It works because carbon-14 is unstable (radioactive), an isotope and wants to become stable by conver ...
Cellular Respiration
... transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2; for example, sulfate • Fermentation uses phosphorylation instead of an electron transport chain to generate ATP ...
... transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2; for example, sulfate • Fermentation uses phosphorylation instead of an electron transport chain to generate ATP ...
Question 2. Which of the following statements about G proteins are
... 4) acyl group transfer 5) electron transfer 6) phosphate transfer Question 2. Which of the following statements about G proteins are correct? a) G proteins are activated by twelve-membrane receptors only b) G proteins make up a large family of proteins that are involved in regulating enzymes, chemot ...
... 4) acyl group transfer 5) electron transfer 6) phosphate transfer Question 2. Which of the following statements about G proteins are correct? a) G proteins are activated by twelve-membrane receptors only b) G proteins make up a large family of proteins that are involved in regulating enzymes, chemot ...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
... A scrub land biome of dense, spiny, evergreen shrubs found along coasts where cold ocean currents circulate off shore, characterized by mild, rainy winters and long, hot, dry summers. Chemiosmosis The ability of certain membranes to use chemical energy to pump hydrogen ions and then harness the ener ...
... A scrub land biome of dense, spiny, evergreen shrubs found along coasts where cold ocean currents circulate off shore, characterized by mild, rainy winters and long, hot, dry summers. Chemiosmosis The ability of certain membranes to use chemical energy to pump hydrogen ions and then harness the ener ...
Exam 2
... molecules bind RNA transcripts and help or hinder degradation. a. sRNA. b. rRNA. c. tRNA. d. mRNA. e. tmRNA. 21. Transcription attenuation is a common regulatory strategy used to control many operons that code for: a. amino acid degradation. b. carbohydrate degradation. c. amino acid synthesis. d. c ...
... molecules bind RNA transcripts and help or hinder degradation. a. sRNA. b. rRNA. c. tRNA. d. mRNA. e. tmRNA. 21. Transcription attenuation is a common regulatory strategy used to control many operons that code for: a. amino acid degradation. b. carbohydrate degradation. c. amino acid synthesis. d. c ...
Notes
... 1g of glucose (sugar), when burned in the presence of ______________, releases 3811 calories of heat energy ___________- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius ...
... 1g of glucose (sugar), when burned in the presence of ______________, releases 3811 calories of heat energy ___________- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius ...
Enzymes: Biological Catalysts
... ACTIVATION ENERGY = Energy needed to “jump start” rxn (energy required for rxn to proceed) ...
... ACTIVATION ENERGY = Energy needed to “jump start” rxn (energy required for rxn to proceed) ...
Mapping the Body.indd
... c) It breaks the bonds between the two carbon atoms in the acetyl-CoA molecule. d) It recharges NADH and FADH2. e) It requires oxygen to dispose of the “tired” electrons it produces. 88) What is the total number of ATPs that can be made from one glucose molecule (via cellular respiration)? a) 2 b) 4 ...
... c) It breaks the bonds between the two carbon atoms in the acetyl-CoA molecule. d) It recharges NADH and FADH2. e) It requires oxygen to dispose of the “tired” electrons it produces. 88) What is the total number of ATPs that can be made from one glucose molecule (via cellular respiration)? a) 2 b) 4 ...
Chapter 3 The Plasma Membrane: transport across cell membrane
... gradient, in which the cell expends no metabolic energy. 2.Ion channel Transmembrane protein complex that forms a water-filled channel across the membrane through which specific ions can diffuse down their electrochemical gradients. 3.Active transport Movement of a molecule across a membrane driven ...
... gradient, in which the cell expends no metabolic energy. 2.Ion channel Transmembrane protein complex that forms a water-filled channel across the membrane through which specific ions can diffuse down their electrochemical gradients. 3.Active transport Movement of a molecule across a membrane driven ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.