Chem*3560 Lecture 1: Structure and Function in Biochemistry
... Both globin and heme play important roles that allow Fe2+ to bind O2 reversibly, so that O2 can be released when needed. O2 normally oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+, and this releases reactive and toxic oxygen derivatives such as •OH free radicals. This oxidation affects both free aqueous Fe2+ ions and Fe2+ i ...
... Both globin and heme play important roles that allow Fe2+ to bind O2 reversibly, so that O2 can be released when needed. O2 normally oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+, and this releases reactive and toxic oxygen derivatives such as •OH free radicals. This oxidation affects both free aqueous Fe2+ ions and Fe2+ i ...
Biotransformation Xenobiotic metabolism
... (e.g. benzene, vinyl chloride) – Reactive intermediates include epoxides and free radical species (unpaired electrons) that are short-lived and hence highly reactive – Protection is provided by • endogenous antioxidant substances, e.g. GSH • vitamins C and E • antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPX, CAT in c ...
... (e.g. benzene, vinyl chloride) – Reactive intermediates include epoxides and free radical species (unpaired electrons) that are short-lived and hence highly reactive – Protection is provided by • endogenous antioxidant substances, e.g. GSH • vitamins C and E • antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPX, CAT in c ...
BC 367 Biochemistry of the Cell I
... the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
... the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
allosteric activator
... turn over, with the relative rates of enzyme synthesis and degradation ultimately determining the amount of ...
... turn over, with the relative rates of enzyme synthesis and degradation ultimately determining the amount of ...
The Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane
... lipoprotein particles and membranes is often difficult to solubilize without destroying their structure. However, by treating them with detergents or other surfaceactive reagents such as deoxycholic acid (Hunt, 1959), which disassociate lipid and protein, the enzymes sometimes may be brought into so ...
... lipoprotein particles and membranes is often difficult to solubilize without destroying their structure. However, by treating them with detergents or other surfaceactive reagents such as deoxycholic acid (Hunt, 1959), which disassociate lipid and protein, the enzymes sometimes may be brought into so ...
Ch - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... ● Gycolysis and the Krebs cycle are major intersections to various catabolic and anabolic pathways ...
... ● Gycolysis and the Krebs cycle are major intersections to various catabolic and anabolic pathways ...
Section 2-3 - Xavier High School
... Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. They are dissolved compounds in the human body. The pH of the fluids within most cells in the human body must generally be kept between 6.5 and 7.5 Human blood has a pH of 7.4 If the pH ...
... Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. They are dissolved compounds in the human body. The pH of the fluids within most cells in the human body must generally be kept between 6.5 and 7.5 Human blood has a pH of 7.4 If the pH ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... Enzymes Enzymes are important biological macromolecules that do work in all living things. Plants, animals, and prokaryotes all depend on enzymes to break down large molecules or build new ones. ENZYMES are proteins that act as catalysts and help chemical reactions occur. In order for these chemical ...
... Enzymes Enzymes are important biological macromolecules that do work in all living things. Plants, animals, and prokaryotes all depend on enzymes to break down large molecules or build new ones. ENZYMES are proteins that act as catalysts and help chemical reactions occur. In order for these chemical ...
Biochemistry Key Answers
... (a) Absorption of lipids. (b) Line weaver – Bunk plot. (c) Name the four protolipid complexes of respiratory chain, with their components. (d) Name three function tests that suffice in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Explain giving normal values. (e) Interpretation of metabolism via TCA cycl ...
... (a) Absorption of lipids. (b) Line weaver – Bunk plot. (c) Name the four protolipid complexes of respiratory chain, with their components. (d) Name three function tests that suffice in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Explain giving normal values. (e) Interpretation of metabolism via TCA cycl ...
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment - Belle Vernon Area School District
... 2. You need to master the formulas, charges, and names of the common ions. On the first week of the school year, you will be given a quiz on these ions. You will be asked to: • write the names of these ions when given the formula and charge • write the formula and charge when given the names I have ...
... 2. You need to master the formulas, charges, and names of the common ions. On the first week of the school year, you will be given a quiz on these ions. You will be asked to: • write the names of these ions when given the formula and charge • write the formula and charge when given the names I have ...
Derived copy of Bis2A 07.1 Glycolysis
... is to generate small carbon compounds that the cell can use as building blocks construct other cellular components. ...
... is to generate small carbon compounds that the cell can use as building blocks construct other cellular components. ...
4.1 PPT- Atomic Theory and Bonding
... 1. Demonstrate knowledge of the three subatomic particles, their properties, and their location within the atom. 2. Define and give examples of ionic bonding (e.g., metal and non‐metal) and covalent bonding (e.g., two non‐metals, diatomic elements). 3. With reference to elements 1 to 20 on the peri ...
... 1. Demonstrate knowledge of the three subatomic particles, their properties, and their location within the atom. 2. Define and give examples of ionic bonding (e.g., metal and non‐metal) and covalent bonding (e.g., two non‐metals, diatomic elements). 3. With reference to elements 1 to 20 on the peri ...
Chapter 15 Lecture Notes: Metabolism
... Note that H+ is produced in this reaction. You will see H+ ions as products in many of the reactions in this chapter. Keep in mind that the H+ ions that are produced in aqueous solutions do not remain solvated as isolated ions; they quickly react with water to form H3O+. Alternatively, H+ can react ...
... Note that H+ is produced in this reaction. You will see H+ ions as products in many of the reactions in this chapter. Keep in mind that the H+ ions that are produced in aqueous solutions do not remain solvated as isolated ions; they quickly react with water to form H3O+. Alternatively, H+ can react ...
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... – contains porins similar to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria ...
... – contains porins similar to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria ...
Enzymes of nucleotide biosynthesis: differences between intact and
... purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, but is this true for all cells? Our own recent studies [4] accord with those of others [5] and indicate that this does not apply to phytohaemagglutininstimulated T-lymphocytes, where expansion of the cytosolic pyrimidine nucleotide pool is up to 4-fold greater than ...
... purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, but is this true for all cells? Our own recent studies [4] accord with those of others [5] and indicate that this does not apply to phytohaemagglutininstimulated T-lymphocytes, where expansion of the cytosolic pyrimidine nucleotide pool is up to 4-fold greater than ...
Ch6-4_Enzymes-New
... Located on the p arm of chromosome 1 in humans, this gene codes for an enzyme involved in the methylation of folic acid, a necessary B vitamin. Methylated (folate) and non-methylated (folic acid) forms are found in leafy greens, beans, and whole grains. ...
... Located on the p arm of chromosome 1 in humans, this gene codes for an enzyme involved in the methylation of folic acid, a necessary B vitamin. Methylated (folate) and non-methylated (folic acid) forms are found in leafy greens, beans, and whole grains. ...
cellrespiration power pointtext
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
Allosteric Regulation of an Enzyme
... align! • 6) Substrate/Enzyme binding causes induced fit at site! • Induced fit result in change to shape of entire enzyme! ...
... align! • 6) Substrate/Enzyme binding causes induced fit at site! • Induced fit result in change to shape of entire enzyme! ...
Biology_Chapter 8_Cellular_Respiration
... The carbon dioxide usually escapes but if the wine is bottled before fermentation is complete, the carbon dioxide dissolves and escapes as bubble when the bottle is opened This is the case with ‘sparkling’ wines such as Champagne Different varieties of grape produce different types of wine ...
... The carbon dioxide usually escapes but if the wine is bottled before fermentation is complete, the carbon dioxide dissolves and escapes as bubble when the bottle is opened This is the case with ‘sparkling’ wines such as Champagne Different varieties of grape produce different types of wine ...
Elements and Molecules in Organisms
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
Elements Found in Living Things - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
1 - Intro to Electrochemistry
... A redox reaction is one where one substance is _______________ while another substance is simultaneously _______________ ...
... A redox reaction is one where one substance is _______________ while another substance is simultaneously _______________ ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.