Biochemistry 499
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
A REVIEW ABS - International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
... Omega (ω)-6 PUFAs, or especially gamma linolenic acid (cis, cis, cis 6,9,12 octadecatrienoic acid) comprised of 18 carbon atoms and three double bonds is also known as gamolenic acid. Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA) is found naturally in varying extends in the fatty acid fraction of some plant seed oil. ...
... Omega (ω)-6 PUFAs, or especially gamma linolenic acid (cis, cis, cis 6,9,12 octadecatrienoic acid) comprised of 18 carbon atoms and three double bonds is also known as gamolenic acid. Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA) is found naturally in varying extends in the fatty acid fraction of some plant seed oil. ...
4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase Has the Catalytic Capacity to
... and dAp4dA from the appropriate substrates, p4A and dATP, respectively. Formation of Ap3A from ATP and ADP was not observed with either At4CL2 variant. In all cases analyzed, (di)adenosine polyphosphate synthesis was either strictly dependent on or strongly stimulated by the presence of a cognate ci ...
... and dAp4dA from the appropriate substrates, p4A and dATP, respectively. Formation of Ap3A from ATP and ADP was not observed with either At4CL2 variant. In all cases analyzed, (di)adenosine polyphosphate synthesis was either strictly dependent on or strongly stimulated by the presence of a cognate ci ...
25., Fatty ocid oxidation
... of abnormally high levels of complex lipids in specific tissues, particularly the brain, spleen, and liver. In all lipid storage diseases,there is retardation of mental and physical development for reasons that are not well understood. disease,in which lipids primarily Tay-Sachs accumulate in the br ...
... of abnormally high levels of complex lipids in specific tissues, particularly the brain, spleen, and liver. In all lipid storage diseases,there is retardation of mental and physical development for reasons that are not well understood. disease,in which lipids primarily Tay-Sachs accumulate in the br ...
Obesity and the regulation of fat metabolism
... of stored triacylglycerides is initiated by lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase. Liberated fatty acids are then activated to their respective acyl-CoA derivates by acyl-CoA synthases/ligases. Breakdown of fatty acyl-CoAs to acetyl-CoA occurs in peroxisomes or mitochondria via β-oxidat ...
... of stored triacylglycerides is initiated by lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase. Liberated fatty acids are then activated to their respective acyl-CoA derivates by acyl-CoA synthases/ligases. Breakdown of fatty acyl-CoAs to acetyl-CoA occurs in peroxisomes or mitochondria via β-oxidat ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... Glycogenin initiates glycogen synthesis. • Glycogenin is an enzyme that catalyzes attachment of a glucose molecule to one of its own tyrosine residues. • Glycogenin is a dimer, and evidence indicates that the 2 copies of the enzyme glucosylate one another. ...
... Glycogenin initiates glycogen synthesis. • Glycogenin is an enzyme that catalyzes attachment of a glucose molecule to one of its own tyrosine residues. • Glycogenin is a dimer, and evidence indicates that the 2 copies of the enzyme glucosylate one another. ...
Molecular networks in skeletal muscle plasticity
... is dominant, while during endurance exercise, mechanical stress is low but metabolic disturbances can be severe and protracted. In any kind of muscle activity, neuronal activation and associated Ca2+ and other ion transients, as well as load- and duration-specific hormonal adjustments occur. These s ...
... is dominant, while during endurance exercise, mechanical stress is low but metabolic disturbances can be severe and protracted. In any kind of muscle activity, neuronal activation and associated Ca2+ and other ion transients, as well as load- and duration-specific hormonal adjustments occur. These s ...
Peroxisomes and peroxisomal disorders: The main facts
... This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final ...
... This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final ...
the organization and regulation of plant glycolysis
... that elicit significant decreases in NTP pools (35, 44, 94, 140). The significance of PPi in plant metabolism was recently demonstrated by the introduction of the Escherichia coli inorganic PPiase gene into tobacco and potato plants under control of a constitutive promoter (70). Expression of the E. ...
... that elicit significant decreases in NTP pools (35, 44, 94, 140). The significance of PPi in plant metabolism was recently demonstrated by the introduction of the Escherichia coli inorganic PPiase gene into tobacco and potato plants under control of a constitutive promoter (70). Expression of the E. ...
Effects of Free Fatty Acid Elevation on Postabsorptive
... levation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations is often associated with obesity (1) and type 2 diabetes (2). The close correlation between whole-body glucose uptake and fasting plasma FFA concentrations in lean normoglycemic offspring of type 2 diabetic parents (3) indicates that FFAs might ...
... levation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations is often associated with obesity (1) and type 2 diabetes (2). The close correlation between whole-body glucose uptake and fasting plasma FFA concentrations in lean normoglycemic offspring of type 2 diabetic parents (3) indicates that FFAs might ...
University of Groningen Transport processes in penicillin
... 244]. Molecular regulation of penicillin biosynthesis has been studied extensively in A. nidulans. Like P. chrysogenum, A. nidulans belongs to the class of Plectomycetes and is able to produce hydrophobic penicillins. However, while P. chrysogenum lacks a sexual cycle and is not amendable to classic ...
... 244]. Molecular regulation of penicillin biosynthesis has been studied extensively in A. nidulans. Like P. chrysogenum, A. nidulans belongs to the class of Plectomycetes and is able to produce hydrophobic penicillins. However, while P. chrysogenum lacks a sexual cycle and is not amendable to classic ...
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP Shunt)
... HMP shunt (PPP) is less active in skeletal muscle & non-lactating mammary glands Site:- ...
... HMP shunt (PPP) is less active in skeletal muscle & non-lactating mammary glands Site:- ...
Fatty acid desaturation and chain elongation in eukaryotes
... transcription through separate classes of receptors called peroxisomal proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) [14] and sterol response elements binding proteins (SREBPs) [15] (also see Chapters 10 and 15). PUFA released from membrane phospholipids by agonist-induced stimulation of phospholipases ( ...
... transcription through separate classes of receptors called peroxisomal proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) [14] and sterol response elements binding proteins (SREBPs) [15] (also see Chapters 10 and 15). PUFA released from membrane phospholipids by agonist-induced stimulation of phospholipases ( ...
Glucose Regulation by Dr Sarma
... 1. Ras independent signaling cascade – PI3P – PKB 2. Ras dependent signaling cascade – MAP Kinase ...
... 1. Ras independent signaling cascade – PI3P – PKB 2. Ras dependent signaling cascade – MAP Kinase ...
Perspective: emerging evidence for signaling roles of mitochondrial
... 2004.—The importance of mitochondrial biosynthesis in stimulus secretion coupling in the insulin-producing -cell probably equals that of ATP production. In glucose-induced insulin secretion, the rate of pyruvate carboxylation is very high and correlates more strongly with the glucose concentration ...
... 2004.—The importance of mitochondrial biosynthesis in stimulus secretion coupling in the insulin-producing -cell probably equals that of ATP production. In glucose-induced insulin secretion, the rate of pyruvate carboxylation is very high and correlates more strongly with the glucose concentration ...
Intestinal absorption of triglycerols
... Fat absorption occurs rapidly in the duodenum and jejunum ; monoglyceride absorption is higher in the tip cells than in the crypt cells. In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, triglycerides of the intestinal mucosa are biosynthesized (i) from free fatty acids which acylate endogenous glycerophosphate ...
... Fat absorption occurs rapidly in the duodenum and jejunum ; monoglyceride absorption is higher in the tip cells than in the crypt cells. In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, triglycerides of the intestinal mucosa are biosynthesized (i) from free fatty acids which acylate endogenous glycerophosphate ...
(LPT1) and humans (LPCAT3)
... 11. Figure 2.4 Glycogen levels in triglyceride deficient yeast strain.................................52 12. Figure 2.5 In vitro Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity with increasing concentrations of [14C] oleoyl-CoA. ........................................................................ ...
... 11. Figure 2.4 Glycogen levels in triglyceride deficient yeast strain.................................52 12. Figure 2.5 In vitro Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity with increasing concentrations of [14C] oleoyl-CoA. ........................................................................ ...
... by compromising the function of secretory epithelia of the the 60 amplification cycles required for anchored PCR, many of these lung and gut. A major pathway for activation of chloride 11 clones contained a base pair mutation. However, since no two conductances via CAMP-dependent protein kinase is b ...
Part 1 - OoCities
... Figures 1 and 2 demonstrate that the solubility of amoxicillin in pHs corresponding to the stomach (pH 1 – 2) and small intestine (pH 6 – 7) is quite low (< 1 g/L). On the other hand, clavulanic acid, at these same pHs, is quite soluble (> 438 g/L), especially at pHs > 3 (solubilty > 1150 g/L). Beca ...
... Figures 1 and 2 demonstrate that the solubility of amoxicillin in pHs corresponding to the stomach (pH 1 – 2) and small intestine (pH 6 – 7) is quite low (< 1 g/L). On the other hand, clavulanic acid, at these same pHs, is quite soluble (> 438 g/L), especially at pHs > 3 (solubilty > 1150 g/L). Beca ...
Plasmodium falciparum enolase - Tata Institute of Fundamental
... and use of yeast enolase for immunodiagnostic purposes [15]. The activity of enolase in parasite-infected red blood cells increases 15-fold [16]. The gene for P. falciparum (strain K1) enolase (Pfen) has been cloned and characterized [17]. However, Pfen protein has not yet been characterized. The ...
... and use of yeast enolase for immunodiagnostic purposes [15]. The activity of enolase in parasite-infected red blood cells increases 15-fold [16]. The gene for P. falciparum (strain K1) enolase (Pfen) has been cloned and characterized [17]. However, Pfen protein has not yet been characterized. The ...
Enzymes at work
... where A is a hydrogen acceptor molecule. Other examples of oxidoreductases are oxidases and laccases, both catalyzing the oxidation of various substrates by dioxygen, and peroxidases, catalyzing oxidations by hydrogen peroxide. Catalases are a special type, catalyzing the disproportionation reaction ...
... where A is a hydrogen acceptor molecule. Other examples of oxidoreductases are oxidases and laccases, both catalyzing the oxidation of various substrates by dioxygen, and peroxidases, catalyzing oxidations by hydrogen peroxide. Catalases are a special type, catalyzing the disproportionation reaction ...
Regeneration of Cofactors for Enzyme Biocatalysis
... 1987, Chenault et al. 1988). TTNs of 103 to 105 are often large enough to make a regenerative process economically viable. However, this depends greatly on the cost of the cofactor in comparison with the value of the product being produced. If the value of the product is high, this number may be low ...
... 1987, Chenault et al. 1988). TTNs of 103 to 105 are often large enough to make a regenerative process economically viable. However, this depends greatly on the cost of the cofactor in comparison with the value of the product being produced. If the value of the product is high, this number may be low ...
PDH02 - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... A cluster of genes that encode the branched-chain -keto acid dehydrogenase from Streptomyces avermitilis has been cloned and sequenced (31). ORF1 has E1 with 1,146 nucleotides encoding a 381 amino acid protein of MW 40,969 Da. ORF2 (E1) 1,005 nucleotides would code for a 334 amino acid protein of ...
... A cluster of genes that encode the branched-chain -keto acid dehydrogenase from Streptomyces avermitilis has been cloned and sequenced (31). ORF1 has E1 with 1,146 nucleotides encoding a 381 amino acid protein of MW 40,969 Da. ORF2 (E1) 1,005 nucleotides would code for a 334 amino acid protein of ...
CHAPTER 6
... other aspects of metabolism are regulated by hormones, including insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and the glucocorticoids • Insulin is a response to increased blood glucose • Insulin triggers glycogen synthesis when blood glucose rises – Between meals, blood glucose is 70-90 mg/dL – Glucose rises to ...
... other aspects of metabolism are regulated by hormones, including insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and the glucocorticoids • Insulin is a response to increased blood glucose • Insulin triggers glycogen synthesis when blood glucose rises – Between meals, blood glucose is 70-90 mg/dL – Glucose rises to ...
The Synthesis of Enzymes Concerned in Bacterio
... Bacteriochlorophyll in the organisms and protein in the cell-free extracts were estimated as described previously (Lascelles, 1959). Preparation of culture samples for assay. At intervals samples were removed from the growing cultures for estimation of dry wt. of organisms, bacteriochlorophyll and e ...
... Bacteriochlorophyll in the organisms and protein in the cell-free extracts were estimated as described previously (Lascelles, 1959). Preparation of culture samples for assay. At intervals samples were removed from the growing cultures for estimation of dry wt. of organisms, bacteriochlorophyll and e ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.