Pharm Ch 30 Pancreatic Anatomy Exocrine portion constitutes 99
... energy-utilizing functions PPARγ – transcription factor that serves as master regulator of adipose cell differentiation; activation by endogenous fatty-acid ligands decreases serum free fatty-acid levels and increases lipogenesis in adipose tissue o Increased storage of fatty acids in adipose tiss ...
... energy-utilizing functions PPARγ – transcription factor that serves as master regulator of adipose cell differentiation; activation by endogenous fatty-acid ligands decreases serum free fatty-acid levels and increases lipogenesis in adipose tissue o Increased storage of fatty acids in adipose tiss ...
Bypassing the glucose/fatty acid cycle: AMP
... been used in numerous studies to investigate the physiological consequences of AMPK activation. Perfusion of rat hindlimb muscle with AICA riboside led to an increase in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in glucose uptake [4]. The increased rate of fatty acid oxidation correlated with ...
... been used in numerous studies to investigate the physiological consequences of AMPK activation. Perfusion of rat hindlimb muscle with AICA riboside led to an increase in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in glucose uptake [4]. The increased rate of fatty acid oxidation correlated with ...
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... 2.2. Physiological and Biochemical Tests Metalloid resistance, utilization of organic substrates, variation in pH, level of aeration, and protein and ATP production were all examined in the presence of K2TeO3. Resistance was confirmed in RO liquid medium with varying concentrations of K2TeO3 (100, 2 ...
... 2.2. Physiological and Biochemical Tests Metalloid resistance, utilization of organic substrates, variation in pH, level of aeration, and protein and ATP production were all examined in the presence of K2TeO3. Resistance was confirmed in RO liquid medium with varying concentrations of K2TeO3 (100, 2 ...
Porphyrin Metabolism & Porphyrias
... Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are actually a superfamily of related, heme-containing monooxygenase enzymes that participate in abroad variety of reactions. This system performs different functions in two separate locations in cells. ...
... Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are actually a superfamily of related, heme-containing monooxygenase enzymes that participate in abroad variety of reactions. This system performs different functions in two separate locations in cells. ...
Fastness in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... of metabolites, cell division or virulence [5,6,7]. Recent studies focusing on mycolic acid biosynthesis regulation have shown that most essential enzymes forming the central core of type II fatty acid synthase (FASII) are phosphorylated by STPK [6] and that, at least in vitro, post-translational ph ...
... of metabolites, cell division or virulence [5,6,7]. Recent studies focusing on mycolic acid biosynthesis regulation have shown that most essential enzymes forming the central core of type II fatty acid synthase (FASII) are phosphorylated by STPK [6] and that, at least in vitro, post-translational ph ...
Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine
... molecules of the reduced coenzyme NADH, and one molecule of the reduced coenzyme FADH2. Both of these latter molecules are recycled to their oxidized states (NAD+ and FAD, respectively) via the electron transport chain, which generates additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidation of an ...
... molecules of the reduced coenzyme NADH, and one molecule of the reduced coenzyme FADH2. Both of these latter molecules are recycled to their oxidized states (NAD+ and FAD, respectively) via the electron transport chain, which generates additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidation of an ...
University of Groningen Interactions between carbohydrate
... Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesis focuses on the interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, particularl ...
... Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesis focuses on the interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, particularl ...
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... to biocorrosion. The presence of biofilm increases the rate of corrosion by up to 10,000 times, compared with the planktonic state [35]. This is likely due to poor oxygen diffusion throughout the biofilm that results in anoxic zones, in turn favoring SRB growth. The presence of SRB in the biofilm st ...
... to biocorrosion. The presence of biofilm increases the rate of corrosion by up to 10,000 times, compared with the planktonic state [35]. This is likely due to poor oxygen diffusion throughout the biofilm that results in anoxic zones, in turn favoring SRB growth. The presence of SRB in the biofilm st ...
On the role of gut microbiota in intestinal physiology and
... capacity to synthesize several vitamins, they must rely on external supplies. Importantly, it has since been shown that several groups of bacteria contribute to the production of B vitamins, implicated in several aspects of cellular metabolism, as well as vitamin K, important for blood coagulation15 ...
... capacity to synthesize several vitamins, they must rely on external supplies. Importantly, it has since been shown that several groups of bacteria contribute to the production of B vitamins, implicated in several aspects of cellular metabolism, as well as vitamin K, important for blood coagulation15 ...
Novel regulatory roles of omega-3 fatty acids in metabolic pathways
... involved in the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis [39]. Regulation of calcium homeostasis is important in many metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism and diabetes [41,42]. There are evidences linking higher expression of regucalcin to adipogenesis in adipocytes [43], and also al ...
... involved in the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis [39]. Regulation of calcium homeostasis is important in many metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism and diabetes [41,42]. There are evidences linking higher expression of regucalcin to adipogenesis in adipocytes [43], and also al ...
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
... low effectiveness of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was not improved after increasing the proton conductance or ionic fluxes through the bilayer by addition of uncoupler or uncoupler plus valinomycin in the presence of potassium chloride. In Fig. 3 it is shown that activation by long-chain phosphati ...
... low effectiveness of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was not improved after increasing the proton conductance or ionic fluxes through the bilayer by addition of uncoupler or uncoupler plus valinomycin in the presence of potassium chloride. In Fig. 3 it is shown that activation by long-chain phosphati ...
Progesterone-stimulated intracellular calcium increase in human
... Physiological inducers of the sperm acrosome reaction include progesterone, which can increase intracellular calcium ([Ca21]i), tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and chloride efflux in human spermatozoa. PKC may be involved in progesterone-stimulated acrosome reaction, although controversial resu ...
... Physiological inducers of the sperm acrosome reaction include progesterone, which can increase intracellular calcium ([Ca21]i), tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and chloride efflux in human spermatozoa. PKC may be involved in progesterone-stimulated acrosome reaction, although controversial resu ...
No Slide Title
... Gluconeogenesis 3. Regulation F2,6-BP Formed by phosphorylation of F6-P, catalyzed by PFK-2 Broken down by FBPase-2 PFK-2 and FBPase-2 are two distinct enzyme activities on 1 protein Balance of the 2 activities in the liver, which determines cellular level of F2,6BP, is regulated by glucagon Glucag ...
... Gluconeogenesis 3. Regulation F2,6-BP Formed by phosphorylation of F6-P, catalyzed by PFK-2 Broken down by FBPase-2 PFK-2 and FBPase-2 are two distinct enzyme activities on 1 protein Balance of the 2 activities in the liver, which determines cellular level of F2,6BP, is regulated by glucagon Glucag ...
Gluconeogenesis - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Gluconeogenesis 3. Regulation F2,6-BP Formed by phosphorylation of F6-P, catalyzed by PFK-2 Broken down by FBPase-2 PFK-2 and FBPase-2 are two distinct enzyme activities on 1 protein Balance of the 2 activities in the liver, which determines cellular level of F2,6BP, is regulated by glucagon Glucag ...
... Gluconeogenesis 3. Regulation F2,6-BP Formed by phosphorylation of F6-P, catalyzed by PFK-2 Broken down by FBPase-2 PFK-2 and FBPase-2 are two distinct enzyme activities on 1 protein Balance of the 2 activities in the liver, which determines cellular level of F2,6BP, is regulated by glucagon Glucag ...
Serine racemase: a KEY PLAYER in NEURON activity and in
... binding of the inhibitor has triggered a transition from an open to a closed conformation through a rigid body movement of the small domain (Figure 3). While, in fact, the structural alignment of the human and rat monomer led to a C RMSD of 0.62 Å, the superimposition of the rat holo structure with ...
... binding of the inhibitor has triggered a transition from an open to a closed conformation through a rigid body movement of the small domain (Figure 3). While, in fact, the structural alignment of the human and rat monomer led to a C RMSD of 0.62 Å, the superimposition of the rat holo structure with ...
Amino acid frequency distribution at the enzymatic active site
... (0.12) is higher than ‘D’ (0.07) in eMEs active site, it is possible that ‘Y’ can partly contribute in activation of substrate molecule as it is a weaker nucleophile than ‘D’. The amino acid ‘S’ is equally distributed in both pMEs (11.27%) and eMEs (11.63%). Comparatively, MEs have almost double dis ...
... (0.12) is higher than ‘D’ (0.07) in eMEs active site, it is possible that ‘Y’ can partly contribute in activation of substrate molecule as it is a weaker nucleophile than ‘D’. The amino acid ‘S’ is equally distributed in both pMEs (11.27%) and eMEs (11.63%). Comparatively, MEs have almost double dis ...
Planta
... activity (Volz 2008). Similarly, NO and reactive oxygen species inactivate both the plant and animal enzymes and induce RNA-binding activity in animal cells (Drapier et al. 1994; Navarre et al. 2000). The assembly of the iron–sulfur cluster required for cytosolic aconitase activity is dependent on t ...
... activity (Volz 2008). Similarly, NO and reactive oxygen species inactivate both the plant and animal enzymes and induce RNA-binding activity in animal cells (Drapier et al. 1994; Navarre et al. 2000). The assembly of the iron–sulfur cluster required for cytosolic aconitase activity is dependent on t ...
Fatty Acid Oxid - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
Fatty Acid Oxid
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fatty acid elongation within mitochondria involves the b-oxidation pathway running in reverse, but NADPH serves as electron donor for the final reduction step. Fatty acids esterified to CoA are substrates for the ER elongation machinery, which uses malonyl-CoA as dono ...
8)Discuss the roles of cofactors and coenzymes in enzyme activity.
... Catabolism: Breakdown of large molecules to their precursors generating the energy. Substrate: The molecule on which the enzyme acts. Chemical bonds are either made or broken within the substrate molecule. Active site: The polypeptide chain of the enzyme is folded in such a way that a small, three d ...
... Catabolism: Breakdown of large molecules to their precursors generating the energy. Substrate: The molecule on which the enzyme acts. Chemical bonds are either made or broken within the substrate molecule. Active site: The polypeptide chain of the enzyme is folded in such a way that a small, three d ...
SNAREs
... is to act as facilitators of intra-cellular membrane fusion events within the endomembrane system, through the formation of complexes between SNAREs on vesicles and SNAREs on organellar membranes. This association of SNAREs in trans is thought to be important in bringing the vesicle and organellar m ...
... is to act as facilitators of intra-cellular membrane fusion events within the endomembrane system, through the formation of complexes between SNAREs on vesicles and SNAREs on organellar membranes. This association of SNAREs in trans is thought to be important in bringing the vesicle and organellar m ...
Leukocyte lipid bodies — Biogenesis and functions in inflammation
... are dissolved by common alcohol-based hematologic stains. However, rapid and wellregulated lipid body biogenesis is triggered upon leukocyte activation by different stimuli and pathological conditions including obesity-induced inflammation, ox-LDL- and LPS-induced inflammation or bacterial infection ...
... are dissolved by common alcohol-based hematologic stains. However, rapid and wellregulated lipid body biogenesis is triggered upon leukocyte activation by different stimuli and pathological conditions including obesity-induced inflammation, ox-LDL- and LPS-induced inflammation or bacterial infection ...
Basic Science for Clinicians
... AMPK in the ischemic heart stimulates the enzyme PFK-2 to synthesize fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, an activator of PFK1.42 As previously mentioned, PFK-1 is a critical regulator of glycolysis. Thus, activated AMPK stimulates both glucose transport into the cell and glycolysis, promoting ATP generation ...
... AMPK in the ischemic heart stimulates the enzyme PFK-2 to synthesize fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, an activator of PFK1.42 As previously mentioned, PFK-1 is a critical regulator of glycolysis. Thus, activated AMPK stimulates both glucose transport into the cell and glycolysis, promoting ATP generation ...
Relations between Intracellular Ions and Energy Metabolism: A
... Silver, 1987) and hence, even in the absence of monensin, represent a system that derives a substantial proportion of its ATP synthesis from glycolysis. Because monensin affects transmembrane distribution of sodium and protons, we have measured, whenever feasible, their internal concentrations toget ...
... Silver, 1987) and hence, even in the absence of monensin, represent a system that derives a substantial proportion of its ATP synthesis from glycolysis. Because monensin affects transmembrane distribution of sodium and protons, we have measured, whenever feasible, their internal concentrations toget ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.