BTEC National Unit 1 Energy Systems KW version
... glycogen — a complex sugar supplied from muscle or liver stores glucose — a simple sugar supplied from the blood fats — stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue under the skin and converted by the enzyme lipase to free fatty acids when required ...
... glycogen — a complex sugar supplied from muscle or liver stores glucose — a simple sugar supplied from the blood fats — stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue under the skin and converted by the enzyme lipase to free fatty acids when required ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2001 - Third Exam:
... C2. (15 pts) Answer ONE of the following three questions. i) In biosynthetic and degradative pathways, several steps are similar, often catalyzed by the same enzyme. Other steps are different, catalyzed by one or more different enzymes. As an example of the latter, pick one such step in either glyco ...
... C2. (15 pts) Answer ONE of the following three questions. i) In biosynthetic and degradative pathways, several steps are similar, often catalyzed by the same enzyme. Other steps are different, catalyzed by one or more different enzymes. As an example of the latter, pick one such step in either glyco ...
Chapter 5: What are the major types of organic molecules?
... C. proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds 1. amino acids consist of a central or alpha carbon; bound to that carbon is a hydrogen atom, an amino group(-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a variable side group (R group) the R group determines the identit ...
... C. proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds 1. amino acids consist of a central or alpha carbon; bound to that carbon is a hydrogen atom, an amino group(-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a variable side group (R group) the R group determines the identit ...
CHAPTERS 2 & 3 Continued
... molecules (monomers) to large polysaccharides – Sugar monomers are monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose – These can be hooked together to form the ...
... molecules (monomers) to large polysaccharides – Sugar monomers are monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose – These can be hooked together to form the ...
2.3 Guided Notes
... h. Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids. i. Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape. ii. Incorrect amino acids change a protein’s structure and function. i. Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides. i. Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and ...
... h. Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids. i. Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape. ii. Incorrect amino acids change a protein’s structure and function. i. Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides. i. Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and ...
C454_lect9 - chem.uwec.edu - University of Wisconsin
... Use of fatty acids in the citric acid cycle requires carbohydrates for the the production of oxaloacetate. During starvation or diabetes, OAA is used to make glucose Fatty acids are then used to make ketone bodies (acetoacetate and D–3–hydroxybutarate) ...
... Use of fatty acids in the citric acid cycle requires carbohydrates for the the production of oxaloacetate. During starvation or diabetes, OAA is used to make glucose Fatty acids are then used to make ketone bodies (acetoacetate and D–3–hydroxybutarate) ...
Chapter 15 Lecture Notes: Metabolism
... sugars to pass through the intestine wall and into the bloodstream so that they are available to cells throughout the body. Monosaccharides are transported into the cells by passive diffusion through transmembrane proteins. Not all dietary carbohydrates can be digested. • For example, cellulose cann ...
... sugars to pass through the intestine wall and into the bloodstream so that they are available to cells throughout the body. Monosaccharides are transported into the cells by passive diffusion through transmembrane proteins. Not all dietary carbohydrates can be digested. • For example, cellulose cann ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy Oxygen is needed for
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
Oxidations – loss of electrons
... regenerate NAD+ 1.Ethanol fermentation occurs in yeast – CO2, ethanol, and NAD+ are produced ...
... regenerate NAD+ 1.Ethanol fermentation occurs in yeast – CO2, ethanol, and NAD+ are produced ...
Biology I Honors Chapter 3 Biochemistry I. Cells Contain Organic
... a. Because the carboxyl group is a polar group, fatty acids are soluble in water. b. Most fatty acids in cells contain 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. c. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between their carbon atoms. (C-C-C-) d. Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds in the carbon cha ...
... a. Because the carboxyl group is a polar group, fatty acids are soluble in water. b. Most fatty acids in cells contain 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. c. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between their carbon atoms. (C-C-C-) d. Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds in the carbon cha ...
Cell Respiration
... have to prevent pyruvate reduction from occurring have to prevent glycolysis from occurring in the mitochondria have to prevent glycolysis from occurring in the cytoplasm have to prevent aerobic respiration in the cytoplasm ...
... have to prevent pyruvate reduction from occurring have to prevent glycolysis from occurring in the mitochondria have to prevent glycolysis from occurring in the cytoplasm have to prevent aerobic respiration in the cytoplasm ...
In Word
... a. Because the carboxyl group is a polar group, fatty acids are soluble in water. b. Most fatty acids in cells contain 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. c. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between their carbon atoms. (C-C-C-) d. Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds in the carbon cha ...
... a. Because the carboxyl group is a polar group, fatty acids are soluble in water. b. Most fatty acids in cells contain 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. c. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between their carbon atoms. (C-C-C-) d. Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds in the carbon cha ...
Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... not regulated Note that the acid C is oxidized (from aldehyde to acid) Reaction 7 ΔGo’ =-18.9 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.1 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Note “substrate level phosphorylation” of ADP Reaction 8 ΔGo’ =+4.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.83 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Reaction 9 ΔGo’ =+1.8 k ...
... not regulated Note that the acid C is oxidized (from aldehyde to acid) Reaction 7 ΔGo’ =-18.9 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.1 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Note “substrate level phosphorylation” of ADP Reaction 8 ΔGo’ =+4.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.83 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Reaction 9 ΔGo’ =+1.8 k ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-complete notes
... • Under aerobic conditions • Taking place - in mitochondria in eucaryotes - associated with membrane-bound enzymes in procaryotes • Pyruvate produced in glycolysis (EMP) pathway transfer its reducing power to NAD+. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/krebs.html ...
... • Under aerobic conditions • Taking place - in mitochondria in eucaryotes - associated with membrane-bound enzymes in procaryotes • Pyruvate produced in glycolysis (EMP) pathway transfer its reducing power to NAD+. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/krebs.html ...
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Define problem Research and collect
... Diffuses into capsule: water, glucose, amino acids, salts, urea Not diffusing and remaining in blood: blood cells, most of blood proteins Reabsorption – Water, amino acids, glucose, salts reabsorbed into the capillaries that surround nephron, water passes back into blood by osmosis, glucose and amin ...
... Diffuses into capsule: water, glucose, amino acids, salts, urea Not diffusing and remaining in blood: blood cells, most of blood proteins Reabsorption – Water, amino acids, glucose, salts reabsorbed into the capillaries that surround nephron, water passes back into blood by osmosis, glucose and amin ...
Cell Respiration Student Notes
... •Enzyme activity increases as __________________________ increases because there are more collisions between substrate molecules and the enzyme. ...
... •Enzyme activity increases as __________________________ increases because there are more collisions between substrate molecules and the enzyme. ...
NEHRU ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, TM PALAYALAM
... 1. Which of the following is not true of glycolysis? (A) ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate level Phosphorylation (B) The pathway does not require oxygen (C) pathway oxidizes two moles of NADH to NAD+ for each mole of glucose that enters (D) Pathway oxidizes three moles of NADH 2. The glycol ...
... 1. Which of the following is not true of glycolysis? (A) ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate level Phosphorylation (B) The pathway does not require oxygen (C) pathway oxidizes two moles of NADH to NAD+ for each mole of glucose that enters (D) Pathway oxidizes three moles of NADH 2. The glycol ...
Document
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
DISEASES OF LIPID METABOLISM
... Presumably, other peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle have a similar binding protein. 2. FA Activation a. Hepatic degradation of fatty acids requires that they be Aactivated@ as acyl~SCoA. This reaction is catalyzed by Acyl~CoA synthetase. ...
... Presumably, other peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle have a similar binding protein. 2. FA Activation a. Hepatic degradation of fatty acids requires that they be Aactivated@ as acyl~SCoA. This reaction is catalyzed by Acyl~CoA synthetase. ...
1. Why is cellular respiration called an aerobic process? 2. What
... Define the words in the boxes. On the line across each arrow, write a phrase that describes how the words in the boxes are related to one another. ...
... Define the words in the boxes. On the line across each arrow, write a phrase that describes how the words in the boxes are related to one another. ...
Chapter 17 - Amino Acid Metabolism
... • Nitroglycerin is converted to NO and dilates coronary arteries in treating angina pectoris ...
... • Nitroglycerin is converted to NO and dilates coronary arteries in treating angina pectoris ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.