I. Background - Berks Catholic
... Oxygens are the final H acceptors at the end of electron transport. Carbon dioxide is released during the Kreb’s cycle Water is produced during the electron transport chain. It is a total of 12 water’s but 6 were put in during the Kreb’s cycle. 34 ATP’s as a result of electron transport: 3 for eve ...
... Oxygens are the final H acceptors at the end of electron transport. Carbon dioxide is released during the Kreb’s cycle Water is produced during the electron transport chain. It is a total of 12 water’s but 6 were put in during the Kreb’s cycle. 34 ATP’s as a result of electron transport: 3 for eve ...
Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
... glucose and generate energy-containing products. • Fermentation reactions anaerobically oxidize the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. ...
... glucose and generate energy-containing products. • Fermentation reactions anaerobically oxidize the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. ...
M220 Lecture 11 - Napa Valley College
... C. Glycolysis is anaerobic it does not require or use oxygen whether oxygen is present or not. D. Glycolysis is a series of 10 separate enzymatic reactions. The 6 carbon glucose is eventually split into two 3 carbon pyruvic acids. Intermediate or Preparatory Step-follows glycolysis Before entering t ...
... C. Glycolysis is anaerobic it does not require or use oxygen whether oxygen is present or not. D. Glycolysis is a series of 10 separate enzymatic reactions. The 6 carbon glucose is eventually split into two 3 carbon pyruvic acids. Intermediate or Preparatory Step-follows glycolysis Before entering t ...
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids
... product of the last reaction now goes through another beta oxidation cycle. This keeps happening until eventually you wind up with two molecules of acetyl-CoA in the final step. This acetyl-CoA is then available to be further metabolized in the TCA cycle, or it can be used as a substrate in amino ac ...
... product of the last reaction now goes through another beta oxidation cycle. This keeps happening until eventually you wind up with two molecules of acetyl-CoA in the final step. This acetyl-CoA is then available to be further metabolized in the TCA cycle, or it can be used as a substrate in amino ac ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvate → → → 2 Lactate (sent to
... → about 30% of the oxidation of glucose in the liver occurs via the PPP → The enzymes of the PPP are located in the cytoplasm. → The oxidative steps (1-3) generate the NADPH: For every molecule of glucose that enters the PPP pathway, 2 molecules of NADPH are regenerated from NADP+. → The nonoxidativ ...
... → about 30% of the oxidation of glucose in the liver occurs via the PPP → The enzymes of the PPP are located in the cytoplasm. → The oxidative steps (1-3) generate the NADPH: For every molecule of glucose that enters the PPP pathway, 2 molecules of NADPH are regenerated from NADP+. → The nonoxidativ ...
Insulin Signaling
... – Main transporter in red blood cells and blood-tissue barriers – Ubiquitous; medium affinity – For basal-level glucose uptake ...
... – Main transporter in red blood cells and blood-tissue barriers – Ubiquitous; medium affinity – For basal-level glucose uptake ...
AP Biology Ch. 9 Fermentation and Quiz Ppt
... In plant cells without oxygen, the pyruvate is broken down by fermentation. This process produces CO2 and alcohol, along with a small amount of ATP This process is used in baking and to produce alcoholic beverages. ...
... In plant cells without oxygen, the pyruvate is broken down by fermentation. This process produces CO2 and alcohol, along with a small amount of ATP This process is used in baking and to produce alcoholic beverages. ...
L10v02a_-_glycolysis.stamped_doc
... mitochondria for the citric acid cycle. [00:03:53.52] I'd like to look at a detail of step three in glycolysis. As you know, we invested two molecules of ATP. The first ones produces fructose 6-phosphate. At this point, the cell can still use this molecule for things other than glycolysis or it can ...
... mitochondria for the citric acid cycle. [00:03:53.52] I'd like to look at a detail of step three in glycolysis. As you know, we invested two molecules of ATP. The first ones produces fructose 6-phosphate. At this point, the cell can still use this molecule for things other than glycolysis or it can ...
Lecture 33
... Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes a carboxylation reaction converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) using the energy released by decarboxylation and GTP hydrolysis. Transcription of t ...
... Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes a carboxylation reaction converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) using the energy released by decarboxylation and GTP hydrolysis. Transcription of t ...
Cell Respiration Practice Packet
... ______ Energy released during the breakdown of cells is used to synthesize ATP. ______ The energy released from the breakdown of glucose can be used to recharge ATP. ______ When you exhale, carbon dioxide is a released. ______ When glucose is broken down during cellular respiration, a product is lig ...
... ______ Energy released during the breakdown of cells is used to synthesize ATP. ______ The energy released from the breakdown of glucose can be used to recharge ATP. ______ When you exhale, carbon dioxide is a released. ______ When glucose is broken down during cellular respiration, a product is lig ...
Hein and Arena
... • The biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetylCoA is called lipogenesis. • Acetyl-CoA can be obtained from the catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins. • After they are synthesized, fatty acids combine with glycerol to form triacylglycerols, which are stored in adipose tissue. • Consequently, ...
... • The biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetylCoA is called lipogenesis. • Acetyl-CoA can be obtained from the catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins. • After they are synthesized, fatty acids combine with glycerol to form triacylglycerols, which are stored in adipose tissue. • Consequently, ...
oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... metabolism as exercise intensity increases – Due to: • Recruitment of fast muscle fibers • Increasing blood levels of epinephrine ...
... metabolism as exercise intensity increases – Due to: • Recruitment of fast muscle fibers • Increasing blood levels of epinephrine ...
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
... Glycogen is the animal short-term storage form of energy • Glucose monomers ...
... Glycogen is the animal short-term storage form of energy • Glucose monomers ...
Fats and Proteins
... 6. How do amino acid molecules differ from fatty acid molecules? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 7. How are amino acids and fatty acids similar? _________________________________________________________ _____________ ...
... 6. How do amino acid molecules differ from fatty acid molecules? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 7. How are amino acids and fatty acids similar? _________________________________________________________ _____________ ...
3. Biotechnological Importance of MO - Copy
... Occurs when all nutrients are provided in the medium Its is essential for survival and existence of the organism and reproduction Cells have optimum concentration of all macromolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA etc.) Exponential growth ...
... Occurs when all nutrients are provided in the medium Its is essential for survival and existence of the organism and reproduction Cells have optimum concentration of all macromolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA etc.) Exponential growth ...
File
... 3. Structural Polysaccharides a) Cellulose: most abundant organic compound on earth; major component of cell wall. Found in plants; confers rigidity and strength. Most animals cannot digest because of B glucose. Animals that can digest cellulose contain bacteria or protists that break B glycosidic ...
... 3. Structural Polysaccharides a) Cellulose: most abundant organic compound on earth; major component of cell wall. Found in plants; confers rigidity and strength. Most animals cannot digest because of B glucose. Animals that can digest cellulose contain bacteria or protists that break B glycosidic ...
Energetics at the Molecular Level Energetics: Scientific Foundations of Obesity and Other Health Aspects Douglas R Moellering, Ph.D.
... FMN / FAD FMN (riboflavin-5′-phosphate): • produced from riboflavin by riboflavin kinase functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase. • It is the principal form in which riboflavin is found in cells and tissues. It requires more energy to produce, but is mor ...
... FMN / FAD FMN (riboflavin-5′-phosphate): • produced from riboflavin by riboflavin kinase functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase. • It is the principal form in which riboflavin is found in cells and tissues. It requires more energy to produce, but is mor ...
Decreasing Inflammation
... This presentation is protected under copy-right and is not to be copied, distributed, or used in any way without the express written consent of Dr Jen Mundt ...
... This presentation is protected under copy-right and is not to be copied, distributed, or used in any way without the express written consent of Dr Jen Mundt ...
GLUCOGENIC & KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS
... glucogenic, because its metabolism yields acetyl CoA and propionyl CoA Tryptophan: This amino acid is both glucogenic and ketogenic because its metabolism yields alanine and acetoacetyl CoA ...
... glucogenic, because its metabolism yields acetyl CoA and propionyl CoA Tryptophan: This amino acid is both glucogenic and ketogenic because its metabolism yields alanine and acetoacetyl CoA ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.