Name: Block: Date: Biology 12 - Biologically Important Molecules
... a loss of Hydrogen atoms (or electrons) a lipid that is an important component of cell membranes and from which steroid hormones are made a lipid composed of glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids a large organic molecule formed from a chain or chains of amino acids a large molecule made by joining togeth ...
... a loss of Hydrogen atoms (or electrons) a lipid that is an important component of cell membranes and from which steroid hormones are made a lipid composed of glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids a large organic molecule formed from a chain or chains of amino acids a large molecule made by joining togeth ...
Lab Module 8: Phenol-Red Carbohydrate Fermentation Broths
... convert that carb to glucose (Step One, above). Among those bacteria that can ferment a particular carbohydrate, there are also a variety of types of by-products. Lactobacillus (and human muscle cells) forms lactic acid as a fermentation by-product. Acetobacter forms acetic acid. Many bacteria form ...
... convert that carb to glucose (Step One, above). Among those bacteria that can ferment a particular carbohydrate, there are also a variety of types of by-products. Lactobacillus (and human muscle cells) forms lactic acid as a fermentation by-product. Acetobacter forms acetic acid. Many bacteria form ...
File
... The digestion of protein takes several hours, but once the amino acids enter the blood they are cleared within 5-10 minutes. The liver is a critical center in the amino acid metabolism. It is continually synthesizing a balanced amino acid mixture for the variety of protein requirements of the body. ...
... The digestion of protein takes several hours, but once the amino acids enter the blood they are cleared within 5-10 minutes. The liver is a critical center in the amino acid metabolism. It is continually synthesizing a balanced amino acid mixture for the variety of protein requirements of the body. ...
acetyl CoA
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to O2. • Oxygen picks up H+ to form water. • Energy released by these redox reactions is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the ...
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to O2. • Oxygen picks up H+ to form water. • Energy released by these redox reactions is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the ...
Benfotiamine 150 + Alpha-Lipoic Acid 300
... Benfotiamine has several means of fighting the aging process. It can enhance transketolase activity by promoting tissue levels of thiamine diphosphate, leading to metabolic pathways favoring less production of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). AGEs are formed by a complex series of reactions b ...
... Benfotiamine has several means of fighting the aging process. It can enhance transketolase activity by promoting tissue levels of thiamine diphosphate, leading to metabolic pathways favoring less production of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). AGEs are formed by a complex series of reactions b ...
6115/01 Edexcel GCE
... The diagrams below show population pyramids for Uganda and the USA for the year 2000 and the estimates for the year 2025. Population pyramids for Uganda and the USA in year 2000 Uganda: 2000 ...
... The diagrams below show population pyramids for Uganda and the USA for the year 2000 and the estimates for the year 2025. Population pyramids for Uganda and the USA in year 2000 Uganda: 2000 ...
Review Problems for amino acids, carbohydrates, glycolysis and the
... Consider the following explanation (from Web MD) of lactic acidosis, a condition that arises during vigorous anaerobic exercise. “Lactic acidosis occurs naturally when lactic acid, a byproduct of metabolism, builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise. Lactic acidosis due to exercise lea ...
... Consider the following explanation (from Web MD) of lactic acidosis, a condition that arises during vigorous anaerobic exercise. “Lactic acidosis occurs naturally when lactic acid, a byproduct of metabolism, builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise. Lactic acidosis due to exercise lea ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
... pathway; occurs in your muscles; used by bacteria ...
... pathway; occurs in your muscles; used by bacteria ...
Review Problems for amino acids, carbohydrates, glycolysis and the
... Consider the following explanation (from Web MD) of lactic acidosis, a condition that arises during vigorous anaerobic exercise. “Lactic acidosis occurs naturally when lactic acid, a byproduct of metabolism, builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise. Lactic acidosis due to exercise lea ...
... Consider the following explanation (from Web MD) of lactic acidosis, a condition that arises during vigorous anaerobic exercise. “Lactic acidosis occurs naturally when lactic acid, a byproduct of metabolism, builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise. Lactic acidosis due to exercise lea ...
Mechanisms of hormonal regulation and pathologies of protein
... • Nitroglycerin is converted to NO and dilates coronary arteries in treating angina pectoris ...
... • Nitroglycerin is converted to NO and dilates coronary arteries in treating angina pectoris ...
GLYCOLYSIS AND GLUCONEOGENESIS
... enzyme, which normally uses phosphate and makes 1,3-disphosphoglycerate, is fooled by the arsenate and makes the arsenate ester instead. With the phosphate ester, the next enzyme in glycolysis makes an ATP from the 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. The arsenate analog of 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is chemically ...
... enzyme, which normally uses phosphate and makes 1,3-disphosphoglycerate, is fooled by the arsenate and makes the arsenate ester instead. With the phosphate ester, the next enzyme in glycolysis makes an ATP from the 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. The arsenate analog of 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is chemically ...
Krebs cycle
... 6.5 Hydrogen carriers, such as NAD+, shuttle electrons during redox reactions • Enzymes remove electrons from glucose molecules and transfer them to a coenzyme - a RedOx ...
... 6.5 Hydrogen carriers, such as NAD+, shuttle electrons during redox reactions • Enzymes remove electrons from glucose molecules and transfer them to a coenzyme - a RedOx ...
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1
... dinucleotide phosphate) for each glucose-6-phosphate that is oxidatively decarboxylated to ribulose-5-phosphate. • NADPH is functionally similar to NAD+ however, NADPH is the primary reductant in the cell, whereas, NAD+ is the primer oxidant. NADPH is critical to maintaining reduced glutathione leve ...
... dinucleotide phosphate) for each glucose-6-phosphate that is oxidatively decarboxylated to ribulose-5-phosphate. • NADPH is functionally similar to NAD+ however, NADPH is the primary reductant in the cell, whereas, NAD+ is the primer oxidant. NADPH is critical to maintaining reduced glutathione leve ...
Name Date
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
Glycolysis
... Carbo loading & glycolysis • Each reaction in glycolysis is catalyzed by an enzyme • Enzyme activity is usually regulated in some way • Part of the reason why “Carbo loading” (eating a great deal of carbohydrates before an athletic endurance event) works may be that it induces expression of glycolyt ...
... Carbo loading & glycolysis • Each reaction in glycolysis is catalyzed by an enzyme • Enzyme activity is usually regulated in some way • Part of the reason why “Carbo loading” (eating a great deal of carbohydrates before an athletic endurance event) works may be that it induces expression of glycolyt ...
BIS103-002 (Spring 2008) - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... to regenerate NAD+ for maintaining glycolysis. Why is this alternative not used in tissues or organs undergoing anaerobic glycolysis to regenerate NAD+? (2 pts) Tissues that undergo anaerobic glycolysis (e.g., skeletal muscles) are in desperate need of ATP (no or only very low ATP production by oxid ...
... to regenerate NAD+ for maintaining glycolysis. Why is this alternative not used in tissues or organs undergoing anaerobic glycolysis to regenerate NAD+? (2 pts) Tissues that undergo anaerobic glycolysis (e.g., skeletal muscles) are in desperate need of ATP (no or only very low ATP production by oxid ...
Curriculum Effects - Western Michigan University
... Oxygen supply during sustained exercise Measuring exercise capacity Cardiorespiratory system and oxygen supply during exercise Human skeletal muscle cells Activity’s energy cost Dietary considerations Sport-specific training NOTE: throughout this presentation, the use of [] connotes “c ...
... Oxygen supply during sustained exercise Measuring exercise capacity Cardiorespiratory system and oxygen supply during exercise Human skeletal muscle cells Activity’s energy cost Dietary considerations Sport-specific training NOTE: throughout this presentation, the use of [] connotes “c ...
Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Test Review
... 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s (we have taken all of the hydrogens off of glucose to make NADH and FADH2) 16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/eukaryotic, aerobic/anaerobic)? Glycolysis. It occurs in the cytoplasm which all cells have. If al ...
... 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s (we have taken all of the hydrogens off of glucose to make NADH and FADH2) 16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/eukaryotic, aerobic/anaerobic)? Glycolysis. It occurs in the cytoplasm which all cells have. If al ...
Organic Compounds
... some cases, sulfur. They are made up of repeating units called amino acids. They provide cells with energy, form tissues, speed up chemical reactions throughout the body, and perform many other cellular functions. Nucleic acids are organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen ...
... some cases, sulfur. They are made up of repeating units called amino acids. They provide cells with energy, form tissues, speed up chemical reactions throughout the body, and perform many other cellular functions. Nucleic acids are organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen ...
Glycogen Storage Disease
... •The Cori cycle involves the utilization of lactate, produced by glycolysis in nonhepatic tissues, (such as muscle and erythrocytes) as a carbon source for hepatic gluconeogenesis. In this way the liver can convert the anaerobic byproduct of glycolysis, lactate, back into more glucose for reuse by n ...
... •The Cori cycle involves the utilization of lactate, produced by glycolysis in nonhepatic tissues, (such as muscle and erythrocytes) as a carbon source for hepatic gluconeogenesis. In this way the liver can convert the anaerobic byproduct of glycolysis, lactate, back into more glucose for reuse by n ...
1 CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES DERANGEMENTS OF HEPATIC
... The liver also produces a wide variety of secretory glycoproteins. Some of them are very important for the clinicians for example ceruloplasmin, alpha antitrypsin and most other alpha and beta globulins. While the site of albumin catabolism is uncertain, the removal of terminal sialic acid residues ...
... The liver also produces a wide variety of secretory glycoproteins. Some of them are very important for the clinicians for example ceruloplasmin, alpha antitrypsin and most other alpha and beta globulins. While the site of albumin catabolism is uncertain, the removal of terminal sialic acid residues ...
Biochemistry notes
... 4. Fats are triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids (e.g., butter is solid at room temperature). 5. Oils are triglycerides with unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., corn oil is liquid at room temperature). 6. Fats function in long-term energy storage in organisms; store six times the energy as gly ...
... 4. Fats are triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids (e.g., butter is solid at room temperature). 5. Oils are triglycerides with unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., corn oil is liquid at room temperature). 6. Fats function in long-term energy storage in organisms; store six times the energy as gly ...
Document
... 10. Know the sources of carbon and nitrogen for amino acid biosynthesis. How are amino groups transferred to acids to make amino acids? 11. Understand the role of folic acid in nucleotide biosynthesis. 12. How does sulfanilamide inhibit the growth of microorganisms? 13. Humans do not make their own ...
... 10. Know the sources of carbon and nitrogen for amino acid biosynthesis. How are amino groups transferred to acids to make amino acids? 11. Understand the role of folic acid in nucleotide biosynthesis. 12. How does sulfanilamide inhibit the growth of microorganisms? 13. Humans do not make their own ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.