* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download AP Psychology
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Neurogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Time perception wikipedia , lookup
Lateralization of brain function wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Neuroesthetics wikipedia , lookup
Environmental enrichment wikipedia , lookup
Embodied language processing wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience of music wikipedia , lookup
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy of memory wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
Neural correlates of consciousness wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
AP Psychology Unit 2 Study Guide Biological Bases of Behavior 1. In the 1800's Franz Gall invented the study of phrenology. What is phrenology and what positive outcomes evolved from this study? (Myers) 2. Define neuron and explain the parts found in each cell a. dendrite b. cell body c. axon d. myelin sheath 3. Explain the neuron firing called action potential. Include ions, resting potential, depolarizing, and refractory period in your response. 4. Describe threshold, the combined signals that trigger an impulse, and include excitatory, inhibitory, and all-or-nothing response in your answer. 5. Using figure 2.3 on page 49, explain how neurons communicate. Be sure to include synapse and neurotransmitters in your response. 6. Describe each of the following neurotransmitters: a. dopamine b. serotonin c. norepinephrine d. (GABA) Gamma-amniobutyric acid e. acetylcholine (Ach) 7. What are the two examples of poison that affect Ach transmission and what does each do? 8. What are the opiate receptors that we naturally produce and what is their purpose? 9. Give two examples of how drugs and other chemicals alter neurotransmission. 10. What are agonists and antagonists? 11. What is the primary communication system of the body? 12. The CNS is made up of what parts? 13. The PNS is made up of what? 14. Describe the three types of neurons: a. sensory neurons b. motor neurons c. interneurons 15. Describe the parts of the peripheral nervous system: a. somatic nervous system b. autonomic nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system 16. Using figure 2.6 on page 55 in the MYERS book, summarize the nervous system 17. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and brain. Explain the pathway from sensory receptor to reflex. 18. Define the brainstem and describe the following parts: a. medulla b. reticular formation 19. Why is the thalamus often thought to be part of the brainstem, and what is its function? 20. Where is the cerebellum located, and what is its function? 21. Identify the four parts of the limbic system and describe the function of each 22. The cerebral cortex is the area 1/10 of an inch all around the cerebrum; it is our body's _______________________________________________________ 23. Describe and locate the structures found in the cortex. See the following: a. glial cells b. parietal cells c. frontal lobe d. temporal lobe e. occipital lobe 24. Describe the structure and motor functions of the motor cortex. 25. Research studies on the motor cortex have given much information on brain function. Give one example 26. What is the job and location of the sensory cortex? 27. What other cortex areas does the brain receive information from? 28. The association areas in the frontal lobe allow us to _____________________ 29. How might a lesion affect brain function? 30. What is an EEG and for what purpose is it used? 31. Describe each of the following neuroimaging techniques: a. CT--computerized tomography b. MRI--magnetic resonance imaging c. PET--positron emissions tomography d. fMRI--functional MRI 32. Damage to a cortical area can cause aphasia. What is aphasia and explain the disabilities it might cause. 33. Describe the work completed by Paul Broca. 34. Describe Wernicke's Area. 35. What structure communicates between the two hemispheres of the brain? 36. Explain the difference between the two hemispheres and give 3 examples of function from each hemisphere. 37. Is handedness inherited? Why/why not? 38. Identify the hazards or problems faced by left-handed individuals 39. What is plasticity of the brain, and when is our brain the most plastic and why? 40. Explain split brain surgery and how effective it is. 41. Define the following, including location, hormone released, and function: Also see diagrams on pages 77-78 a. endocrine system b. hormones c. hypothalamus d. adrenal gland e. pituitary gland f. thyroid gland g. parathyroid gland h. pancreas i. ovary j. testes