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CHAPTER 3 STUDY GUIDE Name: ________________________________ * Be sure to abide by the guidelines outlined on the Chapter 1 Study Guide. Neurons: Identify and locate the fundamental components and functions that form the biological bases of communication and behavior within the nervous system, including: Neurons (basic function, soma, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons) Synapse Glia cells Resting potential Action potential Refractory period All-or-nothing law Neurotransmitters Postsynaptic potentials (types) Reuptake Neurotransmitters and Behavior: Understand the relevant characteristics of each of the following: Acetylcholine Agonists Antagonists Monoamines → dopamine Monoamines →serotonin Monoamines → norepinephrine GABA Glutamate Endorphins Discuss the effect of the endocrine system on behavior Nervous System: know the location and function of each of the following: Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Afferent nerves Efferent nerves Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Central nervous system The Brain: know the locations and especially the functions of each of the following: The hindbrain (medulla, pons, cerebellum) The midbrain (the reticular formation) The forebrain (thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system (see below)) The limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala) The cerebrum, cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum The occipital lobe (primary visual cortex) The parietal lobe (primary somatosensory cortex) The temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex) The frontal lobe (primary motor cortex, mirror neurons, prefrontal cortex) Understand the process of brain plasticity, especially as regards traumatic brain injury Brain Lateralization: know the general characteristics of, relevant studies and research, and key figures related to cerebral laterality, including: Paul Broca (Broca’s area/aphasia) Carl Wernicke (Wernicke’s area/aphasia) Roger Sperry Michael Gazzaniga Split-brain surgery (visual routing, hemispheric motor control, key findings) Hemispheric specialization Methods of Brain Research: Understand the basic technique and capabilities for each of the following: Electroencephalograph (EEG) Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) CT scan PET scan MRI scan fMRI scan * We will cover the following in more detail before the semester final. Heredity, Environment, and Evolution: identify how each of the following plays a role in shaping behavior and/or describe the general relationship between the term/phrase/person and understanding behavior Dominant genes/recessive genes Genotypes/phenotypes Polygenic traits Family studies Twin studies Adoption studies Charles Darwin and natural selection Adaptation Evolution and behavior (predator avoidance, reproductive success)