* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 3 Section 7 - morganhighhistoryacademy.org
Survey
Document related concepts
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Promagistrate wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Julius Caesar wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican currency wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Cleopatra (1963 film) wikipedia , lookup
Senatus consultum ultimum wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Chapter 3: Rome: From Republic to Empire Section 7: The Fall of the Republic By Dallin Hardy Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, and Cicero Spartacan Revolt 73 B.C. Led by Spartacus Gladiatorial slave Third Servile War 73-71 B.C. Marcus Licinius Crassus Roman general Most wealthy man in Rome Put down the Spartacan Revolt Member of the 1st Triumvirate Pompey Member of the 1st Triumvirate Fall of Spartacus 71 B.C. 6,000 slaves were crucified Along the Appian Way 1st Century B.C. Rome Despotism Militarism Civil War Political upheaval Catiline Conspiracy Lucius Catiline Patrician Senator Sought to replace the Roman republic with a monarchy “His mind was daring, crafty, and versatile, capable of any pretense and dissimulation. A man of flaming passions, he was as covetous of other men’s possessions as he was prodigal of his own…. His monstrous ambition hankered continually after things extravagant, impossible, beyond his reach.” Sallust, Roman historian Secret Society Corrupted the youth Immorality Forged documents Monarchists Political leaders Prepared to overthrow the Republic Rome’s Economy Bankrupt Costly wars Marcus Tullius Cicero Orator Lawyer Statesman Elected Consul 63 B.C. Stood in the way of the Catiline Conspiracy Catiline Orations Four speeches given to the Senate By Cicero Exposing the Catiline Conspiracy Catiline Left Rome Called for the assassination of Cicero Sought to form an army “Since I am encompassed by foes and hounded to desperation, I will check the fire that threatens to consume me by pulling everything down about your ears.” Catiline Catilinarians Captured Brought before the Senate Defended by Julius Caesar Sought light punishment for the conspirators Julius Caesar Orator Advocate Marcus Cato “Cato the Younger” Moral and full of integrity Debated against the Conspirators “Other crimes can be punished when they have measures to prevent its being committed, it is too late: once it has been done, it is useless to invoke the law.” Cato the Younger “They were hard workers at home, just rulers abroad; and to the council chamber they brought untrammeled minds, neither racked by consciousness of guilt, nor enslaved by passion. We have lost these virtues. We pile up riches for ourselves while the state is bankrupt. We sing the praises of prosperity—and idle away our lives. Good men or bad— it is all one: all the prizes that merit ought to win are carried off by ambitious intriguers. …” “…And no wonder, when each of you schemes only for himself, when in your private lives you are slaves to pleasure, and her in the Senate House the tools of money or influence. The result is that when an assault is made upon the Republic, there is no one there to defend it.” Cato the Younger Tullianum Roman prison Five leaders of the Catiline Conspiracy Executed Battle of Pistoria 62 B.C. Roman Republic vs. Catiline Results Republican victory Death of Catiline The First Triumvirate Gaius Julius Caesar 100-44 B.C. Military genius Charismatic leader Author Demagogue Politician Personal assets Wit Intellect Decisiveness Physic Responsible for the Downfall of the Republic Gnaeus Pompeius Pompey Military leader Put down rebellions Marian Spartacus Became consul Sicily Africa 70 B.C. Destroyed Cilician pirates 67 B.C. First Triumvirate Crassus Pompey Julius Caesar Julius Caesar and His Government of Rome Gallic Wars 58-51 B.C. Gaul Germania Britannia Led by Julius Caesar Siege of Alesia 52 B.C. Last battle of the Gallic Wars Vercingetorix Gaul General Results Roman victory Vercingetorix Surrenders Rome conquers Gaul The Gallic Wars 50s B.C. By Julius Caesar Battle of Carrhae 53 B.C. Rome vs. Parthian Empire Results Roman defeat One of Rome’s worst Crassus Killed Crossroads of the Roman Republic 53 B.C. Pompey Crassus died in battle Had the support of the Senate Julius Caesar Ordered to lay down his command Refused The Fall of the Republic Crossing the Rubicon 49 B.C. Julius Caesar Ordered to “Alea jacta est” Disband army Return home “The die is cast!” Marches on Rome Great Roman Civil War 49-45 B.C. Pompey Backed by the Roman Senate Caesar Battles Spain Italy Africa Greece “Optimates” The Good Men Pompey Cato Supported the Senate “Populares” Favoring the People Supported Caesar Battle of Dyrrhachium 48 B.C. Optimates vs. Populares Pompey vs. Caesar Results Optimate victory Battle of Pharsalus 48 B.C. Caesar vs. Pompey Results Caesar Victorious Pompey Flees to Egypt Assassination of Pompey 48 B.C. Egypt By King Ptolemy XIII Cleopatra Queen of Egypt Fell in love with 51-30 B.C. Julius Caesar Gave birth to Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar “Caesarion” Little Ceasar Veni, Vidi, Vici Julius Caesar “I came, I saw, I conquered” Death of Cato 46 B.C. Stabbed himself Upon hearing about the most recent defeat by Caesar Battle of Munda 45 B.C. The last battle of Caesar’s Civil War Southern Spain Pompey the Younger Caesar Results Victory for Caesar Pater Patriae 45 B.C. “Father of the Fatherland” Julius Caesar Became dictator for life Increased the Senate to 900 Julian Calendar 365 Days 12 Months Leap year Every 4 years King Caesar? Marcus Antonius Mark Anthony Tried to crown Caesar King Deification of Caesar Temples dedicated to him Priests prayed on his behalf Caesar Redistributed wealth Public works Land redistribution Planned military campaigns Death of the Republic 510-49 B.C. Liberatores Sought to restore the Republic Senators Brutus Statesman Sought to save the Roman Republic Descendent of Lucius Brutus “Father of the Roman Republic” Ides of March March 15th 44 B.C. “The Ides of March are come…” “Yes, they are come, but they are not past.” Plutarch “Beware the Ides of March” Julius Caesar, Shakespeare Assassination of Julius Caesar 44 B.C. Theatre of Pompey By Liberatores Results of Caesar’s Assassination Caesar became a martyr Deified No republican uprising Romans wanted Peace Luxury Security The Second Triumvirate and the Triumph of Octavian Mark Anthony Caesar’s junior consular partner Roman politician Anthony’s Eulogy Day of Caesar’s funeral Displayed Caesar’s bloody toga Publicly shaming the Liberatores Fled to Greece Anthony’s Ambition Consolidated power Cicero Warned about Anthony’s tyrannical ambitions Octavian Caesar’s adopted son Grandnephew Sought to maintain Caesar’s legacy Second Triumvirate 43 B.C. Octavian Mark Antony Lepidus Political Assassinations 43 B.C. Cicero Paulus Lucius Caesar Hundreds killed Liberators’ Civil War 43 to 42 B.C. Liberatores vs. Second Triumvirate Last Republican Army Led by Brutus “The Last Roman” Cassius Brutus’ Vision “If Providence shall not dispose what we now undertake according to our wishes, I resolve to put no further hopes or warlike preparations to the proof, but will die contented with my fortune. For I have already given up my life for my country on the Ides of March; and have lived since then a second life for her sake, with liberty and honor.” Brutus Battle of Philippi 42 B.C. Liberatores vs. Triumvirs Death of the Republican Cause Cassius Committed suicide Marcus Son of Cato the Younger Fought to the death Shouting his father’s name Brutus Fell on his sword Division of the Empire Octavian Western Rome Mark Antony Eastern Rome Fall of the 2nd Triumvirate 33 B.C. Lepidus Removed Antony vs. Octavian Antony & Cleopatra 41-30 B.C. Became lovers War Between Antony and Octavian 32-31 B.C. Mark Antony vs. Octavian Battle of Actium 31 B.C. Octavian Marcus Agrippa 400 Warships Mark Antony & Cleopatra 130 Warships Results Octavian Mark Antony & Cleopatra Victorious Gained control of Rome Committed Suicide Death Roman Republic Deaths of Antony & Cleopatra 30 B.C. Alexandria Antony Stabbed himself Died in the arms of Cleopatra Cleopatra Cobra bite Caesar Augustus 27 B.C. “The Revered One”