Download Competency Goal 2 - Pitt County Schools

Pitt County Schools
302115 Honors Advanced Biology (Pre-AP)
Instructional Guide
TIME FRAME: FIRST GRADING PERIOD
SCOS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
Competency Goal 3: The learner will develop
an understanding that cellular processes are
based on physical and chemical changes.
3.01 Analyze the chemical and physical
properties of water.
3.02 Examine the structure and function of
organic molecules.
 Role of carbon in molecular diversity.
 Synthesis and breakdown of macromolecules.
 Including:
 Carbohydrates.
 Lipids.
 Proteins.
 Nucleic Acids.
3.03 Analyze free energy changes in biochemical
processes.
 Relate to laws of thermodynamics.
 Examine process participants.
3.04 Describe the structure and function of
enzymes.
 Regulation by enzymes of chemical reactions.
 Dependence of specificity to structure.
 Regulation of enzymes.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS,
BENCHMARKS, AND SKILLS
WATER (Chapter 3)
How do the unique chemical and
physical properties of water make life
on earth possible?
ORGANIC MOLECULES IN
ORGANISMS (Chapters 4-5)
What is the role of carbon in the
molecular diversity of life?
How do cells synthesize and break down
macromolecules?
How do structures of biologically
important molecules (carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) account
for their functions?
FREE ENERGY CHANGES
(Chapter 6)
How do the laws of thermodynamics
relate to the biochemical processes that
provide energy to living systems?
ENZYMES (Chapter 6)
How do enzymes regulate the rate of
chemical reactions?
How does the specificity of an enzyme
depend on its structure?
How is the activity of an enzyme
regulated?
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ESSENTIAL TASKS,
STRATEGIES,
PROJECTS,
CONNECTIONS
MACROMOLECULE
LAB
RECOMMENDED
RESOURCES
AND
ASSESSMENT
TEXTBOOK:
Biology (AddisonWesley) Campell
CONNECTIONS:
Chapters 2-6
Nutrition, blood buffer
Guest Lecture:
system, anabolic steroids, Nutritionist
enzymatic disorders
Web Site:
www.biology.arizo
na.edu/biochemistr
y/biochemistry.ht
ml

Recommended laboratory - Enzyme Catalysts
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Competency Goal 2: The learner will develop
an understanding of cells as the structural and
functional units of life.
2.01 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
 Relationship to each other.
 Evolution.
2.02 Analyze cellular membranes.
 Structure and function.
 Variations.
 Investigate mechanisms of transport.
 Recommended laboratory - Diffusion and
Osmosis
2.03 Examine sub cellular organization.
 Describe the structure of cell organelles.
 Relate structure to function.
 Identify factors that limit cell size.
 Interpret function of organelles in cellular
processes.
2.05 Examine past and present research on cells,
their structure and function.
PROKARYOTIC AND
EUKARYOTIC CELLS (Chapter 7)
What are the similarities and differences
between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
What are their evolutionary
relationships?
SUBCELLULAR ORGANIZATION
(Chapter 7)
How does compartmentalization
organize a cell’s functions?
How are the structures of the various
subcellular organelles related to their
functions?
How do organelles function together in
cellular processes?
What factors limit cell size?
MEMBRANES (Chapter 8)
What is the current model of the
molecular architecture of membranes?
How do variations in this structure
account for functional differences
among membranes?
How does the structural organization of
membranes provide for transport and
recognition?
What are various mechanisms by which
substances cross membranes?
CELL RESEARCH (Chapter 7, 8,12)
What are some important cellular
discoveries that have been made as a
result of the advent of new technology?
Who are some of the scientists who
made these discoveries?
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AP LAB 1: Osmosis and
Diffusion (including a
discussion of dialysis)
LAB: Microscopic
Comparison of
Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
CONNECTIONS:
dialysis, types of cells
and tissues, cell
differentiation, stem cell
research, microscopy
TEXTBOOK:
Chapters 7-8
Guest lecture:
pathologist,
hematologist- (dialysis)
Field trip: electron
microscope labECU
Web Site:
www.biology.arizo
na.edu/cell_bio/cel
l_bio.html
TIME FRAME: SECOND GRADING PERIOD
SCOS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
CELL METABOLISM AND ENERGETICS
Competency Goal 3: The learner will develop
an understanding that cellular processes are
based on physical and chemical changes.
3.05 Analyze bioenergetic reactions.
 Compare and contrast:
 Fermentation.
 Cellular respiration.
 Photosynthesis.
 Examine the purpose, interactions, and
adaptations of bioenergetic reactions.
 Recommended laboratories - Plant Pigments
and Photosynthesis, Cell Respiration
3.06 Examine past and present research on
biochemistry and cellular processes.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS,
BENCHMARKS, AND SKILLS
COUPLED REACTIONS (Chapter 9)
What is the role of ATP in coupling the
cell’s anabolic and catabolic processes?
How does chemiosmosis function in
bioenergetics?
FREMENTATION AND
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
(Chapter 9)
How are organic molecules broken
down by catabolic pathways?
What is the role of oxygen in energyyielding pathways?
How do cells generate ATP in the
absence of oxygen?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
(Chapter 10)
How does photosynthesis convert light
energy into chemical energy?
How are the chemical products of the
light-trapping reactions coupled to the
synthesis of carbohydrates?
What kinds of photosynthetic
adaptations have evolved in response to
different environmental conditions?
What interactions exist between
photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL
PROCESS RESEARCH
What are some of the major discoveries,
both recent and past that were made in
the fields of biochemistry and cytology?
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ESSENTIAL TASKS,
STRATEGIES,
PROJECTS,
CONNECTIONS
AP LAB #2: Enzyme
Catalysis
AP LAB #4: Plant
Pigments and
Photosynthesis
AP LAB #5: Cell
Respiration
CONNECTIONS:
thyroid disease,
respiratory therapy,
aerobic vs. anaerobic
exercise
RECOMMENDE
D RESOURCES
AND
ASSESSMENT
TEXTBOOK:
Chapters 9-10
Guest lecture:
exercise
physiologist
GENETICS
REGULATION
(Chapter 12)
How does the cell cycle assure genetic
REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE
1.03, 2.04, 4.01, 4.02, 4.09a
continuity?
How does mitosis allow for the even
Competency Goal 1: The learner will develop
distribution of genetic information to
abilities necessary to do and understand
new cells?
scientific inquiry.
1.03 Formulate and revise scientific explanations What are the mechanisms of
and models using logic and evidence to:
cytokinesis?
How is the cell cycle regulated?
 Explain observations.
How can aberrations in the cell cycle
 Make inferences and predictions.
lead to tumor formation?
 Explain the relationship between evidence
MEIOSIS AND GAMETOGENESIS
and explanation.
(Chapter 13)
Competency Goal 2: The learner will develop
an understanding of cells as the structural and What features of meiosis are important
in sexual reproduction?
functional units of life.
Why is meiosis important in heredity?
2.04 Analyze the continuity and diversity
How is meiosis related to
provided by the cell cycle.
gametogenesis?
 Mechanisms of mitosis and cytokinesis.
What are the similarities and differences
 Regulation.
between gametogenesis in animals and
 Possible aberrations.
gametogenesis in plants?
Competency Goal 4: The learner will develop
RESEARCH IN HEREDITY
an understanding of the basis of heredity and
(Chapter 14)
the role of molecular genetics.
How did Mendel develop the concepts
4.01 Analyze meiosis and gametogenesis.
of dominance and genes?
 Analyze heredity.
How was Mendel able to discover the
 Compare and contrast gametogenesis in plants
Laws of Segregation and Independent
and animals.
Assortment?
 Recommended laboratory - Mitosis and
INHERITANCE PATTERNS
Meiosis
(Chapter 14)
4.02 Assess the organization of eukaryotic
How did Mendel’s work lay the
chromosomes.
foundation of modern genetics?
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


Assess contribution of continuity.
Assess contribution of variability.
Recommended laboratory - Genetics of
Organisms
4.09 Examine past and present research on
heredity and molecular genetics.
 Explore the work of Mendel.
What are the principle patterns of
inheritance? (Note: Chapter 14 and
Chapter 15).
EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES
(Chapter 15)
How is genetic information organized in
the eukaryotic chromosome?
How does this organization contribute to
both continuity of and variability in the
genetic information?
TIME FRAME: THIRD GRADING PERIOD
SCOS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
MOLECULAR GENETICS
Competency Goal 4: The learner will develop
an understanding of the basis of heredity and
the role of molecular genetics.
4.04 Compare and contrast the structure and
function of RNA and DNA.
 Investigate replication and the complimentary
nature of DNA.
 Examine transcription.
 Examine translation.
 Explore the role of amino acids.
 Analyze energy requirements.
 Compare structure as it relates to function.
 Analyze genomes in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
4.05 Assess gene regulation and the mechanisms
by which it occurs.
4.06 Analyze the ways in which mutations can
occur and the possibility of genetic variation.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS,
BENCHMARKS, AND SKILLS
ESSENTIAL TASKS,
STRATEGIES,
PROJECTS,
CONNECTIONS
LAB: DNA Extraction
RESEARCH ON MOLECULAR
GENETICS (Chapter 16-17)
What discoveries were made during the CONNECTIONS: cancer
search for the genetic material of living and mutations, mutagens
things?
How did Watson and Crick discover the
double helix?
RNA AND DNA STRUCTION AND
FUNCTION
(Chapter 16-17)
How do the structures of nucleic acids
relate to their functions of information
storage and protein synthesis?
What are the similarities and differences
between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
genomes?
MUTATION (Chapter 17)
In what ways can genetic information be
altered?
What are some effects of these
alterations?
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RECOMMENDE
D RESOURCES
AND
ASSESSMENT
TEXTBOOK:
Chapters 16-19
Guest lecture:
oncologist
Web Site:
www.biology.ari
zona.edu/molecu
lar_bio/molecula
r_bio.html
4.07 Investigate viruses.
 Examine structure.
 Analyze steps of replication.
 Assess ability to transfer genetic information
between cells.
 Explore current applications and research.
4.09 Examine past and present research on
heredity and molecular genetics.
 Explore the work of Watson and Crick.
VIRAL STRUCTURE AND
REPLICATION (Chapter 18)
What is the structure of viruses?
What are the major steps in viral
reproduction?
How do viruses transfer genetic material
between cells?
GENE REGULATION (Chapter 1819)
What are some mechanisms by which
gene expression is regulated in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS
NUCLEIC ACID TECHNOLOGY
AND APPLICATIONS (Chapter 20)
What are some current recombinant
Competency Goal 4: The learner will develop
technologies?
an understanding of the basis of heredity and
What are some practical applications of
the role of molecular genetics.
4.08 Examine current nucleic acid technology and nucleic acid technology?
its applications.
What legal and ethical problems may
arise from these applications?
 Analyze recombinant technology.
What are the major benefits and
 Examine practical applications in medicine,
applications of the Human Genome
forensics, agriculture, and environmental
Project?
issues.
 Assess legal and ethical issues that may arise.
 Recommended Laboratory - Molecular
Biology
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Competency Goal 5: The learner will develop
an understanding of biological evolution.
5.01 Examine the evidence that supports an
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
(Chapter 22)
What types of evidence support an
evolutionary view of life?
MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
(Chapter 23-25)
6
*AP LAB #6: Molecular
Biology
TEXTBOOK:
Chapter 20
CONNECTIONS:
Human Genome Project,
gene therapy, cloning,
genetic engineering
(legal, ethical, and moral
issues)
Guest lecture:
Forensics expert
Field trip:
biotechnology
visit
Resources?
Access to PCR,
gel
electrophoresis,
DNA
fingerprinting
Web site:
www.genome.go
v
TEXTBOOK:
Chapters 22-26
* AP LAB #8:
Population Genetics and
Evolution
evolutionary view of life.
5.02 Recognize the implications of chemical
evolution and its impact on the origin of life.
5.03 Analyze current models for the early
evolution of life.
 Biological macromolecules.
 Prokaryotic cells.
 Eukaryotic cells.
5.04 Analyze the mechanisms of evolution, their
role, results and implications.
 Identification of patterns and the responsible
mechanisms.
 Analyze heredity and its link to natural
selection.
 Examine speciation.
 Examine macroevolution.
 Recommended laboratory - Population
Genetics and Evolution
5.05 Investigate the contributions of early
researchers, (e.g. Pasteur and Darwin) and their
impact on the current view of evolutionary
biology.
Competency Goal 6: The learner will develop
an understanding of the unity and diversity of
life.
6.01 Analyze evolutionary patterns.
 Examine DNA analysis.
 Examine biochemical analysis.
 Examine morphological research.
What is the role of natural selection in
the process of evolution?
How are heredity and natural selection
involved in the process of evolution?
What mechanisms account for
speciation and macroevolution?
What different patterns of evolution
have been identified and what
mechanisms are responsible for each of
these patterns?
EVOLUTIONARY
RELATIONSHIPS
(Chapter 25)
What is some evidence that organisms
are related to each other?
How do scientists study evolutionary
relationships among organisms?
How is this information used in
classification of organisms?
EARLY EVOLUTION OF LIFE
(Chapter 26)
What are the current biological models
for the origins of biological
macromolecules?
What are the current models for the
origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
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