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Add question about Ab res. Name: _____________________________ Pretest: _____/48 Posttest: _____/48 Pretest: Ch 23 & 24: Bacteria and Viruses 1. _____ rod shaped bacteria 2. _____ outermost layer in some (but not all) bacteria 3. _____ a virus that contains RNA that gets copied into DNA and becomes part of the host’s genome 4. _____ clusters of bacteria have this word as part of their name 5. _____ drug used to treat a bacterial infection 6. _____ spiral shaped bacteria A. antibiotic B. antibiotic resistance C. bacillus D. bacteriophage E. binary fission F. capsule G. coccus H. Gram negative I. Gram positive J. latent phage K. plasmid L. prokaryote M. retrovirus N. spirillum O. staphyloP. streptoQ. vaccine R. vector S. virulent phage 7. _____ bacteria that have cell walls that are simple and dye purple, cause anthrax, botulism and strep throat 8. _____ has no nuclear membrane and no organelles with membranes. 9. _____ organism that spreads a viral disease, sometimes without being affected 10. _____ small extra piece of DNA exchanged by bacteria during sexual reproduction 11. _____ chains of bacteria have this word as part of their name 12. _____ when drugs that kill bacteria no longer work 13. _____ a virus that attacks a bacteria 14. _____ drug used to prevent a viral infection 15. _____ a virus that may remain dormant (inactive) in the body for a long time. Herpes and HIV are examples. 16. _____ round bacteria 17. _____ bacteria that have cell walls that are complex and dye red 18. _____ asexual reproduction in bacteria 19. _____ viruses that act quickly to destroy host cells 20. – 21. Describe the two ways that bacteria are classified 22. - 23. Name two good things and two bad things that bacteria do for/to us. Use the following terms to label the bacteria (right) and virus (left). Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. A. Capsid B. Cell membrane C. Cell wall D. Cilia E. DNA F. DNA or RNA G. Flagellum H. Head I. Pilli J. Ribosome K. Tail Btw…bacteria and viruses come in many shapes…these are just “generic” diagrams of no one particular virus or bacterium. 27. _____ 33. _____ 24. _____ 28. _____ 29. _____ 25. _____ 30. _____ 32. _____ 31. _____ 26. _____ Bacteria can reproduce in 4 different ways. Describe each of these: 34. Asexual 35. Transformation: 36. Conjugation: 37. Transduction: 38. – 39. Are viruses alive? Explain why/why not. 40. – 41. Name two ways to control viral disease. Viruses reproduce through two cycles, the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Explain the steps in each. 42. 43. 44a. 45b. 43. 45a. 46a. 42. 44b. 46a. 44a. 45a. 44b. 45b. Answer Key_ Name: __ Period: _____ Date: _________________________ Pretest: Ch 23 & 24: Bacteria and Viruses C__ rod shaped bacteria 1. __ F__ outermost layer in some (but 2. __ A. antibiotic B. antibiotic resistance not all) bacteria C. bacillus D. bacteriophage copied into DNA and becomes part of the host’s genome E. binary fission F. capsule G. coccus as part of their name H. Gram negative I. Gram positive M__ a virus that contains RNA that gets 3. __ O__ clusters of bacteria have this word 4. __ A__ drug used to treat a bacterial infection 5. __ N__ spiral shaped bacteria 6. __ I J. latent phage K. plasmid L. prokaryote M. retrovirus 7. __ __ bacteria that have cell walls that are simple and dye purple, cause anthrax, botulism and strep throat N. spirillum O. staphyloP. strepto- 8. __ Q. vaccine R. vector L__ has no nuclear membrane and no organelles with membranes. R__ organism that spreads a viral disease, 9. __ S. virulent phage sometimes without being affected K__ small extra piece of DNA exchanged by bacteria during sexual 10. __ reproduction P__ chains of bacteria have this word as part of their name 11. __ B__ when drugs that kill bacteria no longer work 12. __ D__ a virus that attacks a bacteria 13. __ Q__ drug used to prevent a viral infection 14. __ J___ a virus that may remain dormant (inactive) in the body for a long time. 15. __ Herpes and HIV are examples. G__ round bacteria 16. __ H__ bacteria that have cell walls that are complex and dye red 17. __ E__ asexual reproduction in bacteria 18. __ S__ viruses that act quickly to destroy host cells 19. __ 20. – 21. Describe the two ways that bacteria are classified By gram stain…Gram positive have simple cell walls and stain purple, Gram negative have complex cell walls and stain pink. By shape….round, rod or spiral (coccus, bacillus, spirillum)…and group cluster or strips (staphylo or strepto) 22. - 23. Name two good things and two bad things that bacteria do for/to us. Make food for us (cheese, yogurt, pickles, coffee), create medicines, digest waste, part of nitrogen cycle Cause diseases (staph infections, strep throat, E. coli), spoil food Use the following terms to label the bacteria (right) and virus (left). Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. A. Capsid B. Cell membrane C. Cell wall D. Cilia E. DNA F. DNA or RNA G. Flagellum H. Head I. Pilli J. Ribosome K. Tail Btw…bacteria and viruses come in many shapes…these are just “generic” diagrams of no one particular virus or bacterium. A__ F__ 27. __ J__ 24. __ C__ 29. __B__ 33. __ 28. __ H__ 25. __ E__ 30. __ I 32. __ __ G__ 31. __ K__ 26. __ Bacteria can reproduce in 4 different ways. Describe each of these: Binary fission, the bacterium just copies DNA and splits in two 34. Asexual: takes in DNA from an outside source (e.g. dead bacterium) 35. Transformation: Two bacteria exchange plasmids (small piece of DNA) 36. Conjugation: A virus takes up a small piece of bacterial DNA and passes it along to be copied 37. Transduction: 38. – 39. Are viruses alive? Explain why/why not. No…can’t reproduce (on own), can’t metabolize (make/use energy), can’t grow, can’t perform homeostasis, doesn’t respond to environment 40. – 41. Name two ways to control viral disease. Vaccines…prevent before it spreads by “priming” body’s immune system Antiviral drugs…there are a few, but antibiotics DO NOT WORK against viruses Control the vector…whatever is spreading it Viruses reproduce through two cycles, the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Explain the steps in each. Virus infects cell, injects its DNA/RNA 42. The DNA forms a circle 45b. 43. Viral DNA becomes part of cell DNA 42. 44b. 43. 44a. 46a. 44a. 45a. when cell reproduces, viral DNA is copied, too 46a. Eventually the cell enters the lytic cycle 45a. Viral DNA takes over protein synthesis process and makes new viruses instead of other cell proteins 44b. New viruses burst forth killing the cell and move on to infect new cells at #42 again. 45b.