Download Structure of Cells Match the description of the organelle on the left

I.
Structure of Cells
Match the description of the organelle on the left, with the correct name on the right. Use the picture
below to label on the organelles listed (note: not all organelles are pictured).
_____ 1. jelly-like substance which contains and supports
organelles; site of chemical reactions.
_____ 2. releases energy as ATP for the cell’s use; site of
cellular respiration
_____ 3. outer covering of a plant cell; surrounds the cell
membrane
_____ 4. surrounds the cell; controls what enters & leaves
the cell
_____ 5. contains chromosomes and controls the cell’s
activities
_____ 6. site of protein synthesis
_____ 7. contains chlorophyll; site for photosynthesis
_____ 8. fluid-filled cavity in a plant cell; stores food &
water for the plant
_____ 9. folded, stacked structure attached to the nucleus
containing ribosomes; transports proteins for
secretion
_____ 10. packages & transports cell material
_____ 11. used cell division
_____ 12. dense center in the nucleus; produces the
ribosomes
_____ 13. folded, stacked structure without ribosomes;
involved with lipid metabolism & detoxification
_____ 14. double membrane barrier surrounding the nucleus
_____ 15. Contains enzymes to break down materials &
remove waste
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
c. Ribosomes
d. Cytoplasm
e. Cell wall
f.
Mitochondria
g. Nucleus
h. Vacuole
i.
Centrioles
j.
Chloroplast
k. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
l.
Cell membrane
m. Nucleolus
n. Nuclear envelope
o. Lysosome
II. Prokaryotic cells v. Eukaryotic cells
Use the descriptions below and place each in the appropriate category.
First cells, lack nucleus, asexual reproduction only, contains a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, circular
DNA, unicellular, multicellular, includes animals (Kingdom Animalia), includes plants (Kingdom Plantae),
bacteria, includes fungus (Kingdom Fungi), includes protists (Kingdom Protista), larger & more complex, sexual
reproduction
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
III. Cellular Energy
Summarize the two main ways obtain energy by places the terms or descriptions in the table below.
Occurs in chloroplast, animals, plants, occurs in mitochondria, produces glucose (autotroph), uses
sunlight, breaks down glucose (heterotroph), C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy,
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2,
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
**Remember: glucose is sugar, this is used to produce energy by creating ATP
IV. Organic Macromolecules
Use the terms & descriptions below to properly complete the table below about macromolecules and their
function.
Protein, DNA, main source of energy, enzyme, Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic acid, fatty acid, monosaccharide
Macromolecule
Function
Structure, Transport
Monomer/”building block”
Example
Amino Acid
Sugar, Starch, Pasta
Insulation, protection,
some energy storage
Store/Transmit Genetic
Information
Fat, Oil, Steroid, Wax
Nucleotide
V. Cell Division
1. Match the description of cell division (mitosis) on the left with the correct phase name on the right.
_____ Chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes, centrioles begin
migrating to opposite sides of the cell, nucleus and nucleolus disappear;
1st phase
a. Metaphase
_____ Chromosomes line up in a single file line along the equator of the
cell; 2nd phase
c. Prophase
_____ Spindle fibers separate centromeres and the chromatids are
pulled apart; 3rd phase
e. Anaphase
_____ Chromosomes migrate to the poles of the cell and decondense,
nucleus reappears, and spindle fibers disappear; 4th phase
_____ Cell’s cytoplasm divides and separates into two identical cells;
final phase
b. Cytokinesis
d. Telophase
Mitosis
Meiosis
*Use the arrows in the image of
Metaphase of mitosis above to label
chromosome, spindle fibers, and
centrioles .
2. Summarize cell division (mitosis & meiosis) by using the terms of descriptions below and putting them
in the correct category.
body cells, sex cells, homologous pairs, genetically identical, DNA, crossing over, genetically different, 2 divisions
Mitosis
Meiosis
VI. DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
Complete the sentences below concerning DNA, RNA, and DNA Replication using the following terms (some
may be used more than once):
thymine
cytosine
mRNA
uracil
cytoplasm
anticodon
codon
tRNA
gene
amino acids
ribosome
double
single
nucleic acid
In DNA Adenine (A) pairs with _____________________, and Guanine (G) pairs with ___________________.
DNA’s full name is deoxyribonucleic acid because it contains the sugar deoxyribose. RNA’s full name is
ribonucleic acid because it contains the sugar ribose. DNA and RNA are both examples of the macromolecule
known as a _________________________ One of the major differences between DNA and RNA is that DNA is
___________________ stranded and RNA is _______________ stranded.
In transcription a section of DNA known as a ____________________ is copied to create _____________
(Hint: a type of RNA). During transcription, Guanine pairs with _______________________ and adenine pairs
with __________________________ because RNA lacks the base ________________________.
In translation, mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the ________________________ of the cell. The mRNA
then attaches to the organelle known as a ___________________________. mRNA is divided into a series of 3
bases known as a ____________________. A protein is produced when ____________________ (Hint: a type
of RNA) matches the mRNA codon with its ____________________ creating a chain of
______________________ that eventually forms a protein.
VII. Genetics
Genotype is the genes an individual has usually written Gg (using any letters, “g” was used in this case).
Genes can be dominant (represented by a capital letter) or recessive (represented by a lower case letter). A
phenotype is the physical trait observed, for example hair color or eye color. Use the genotypes below to
answer the following questions.
GG
Gg
gg
Combination of genes is homozygous dominant ____________
Combination of genes is homozygous recessive ____________
Combination of genes is heterozygous ______________
Any change in DNA can cause a
__________________ to genes or chromosomes.
Assume T is a dominant trait for tall and t is a
recessive trait for short. Write the phenotypes of
the plants in the Punnett square to the right.
VIII.
Classification
1. Recall that the categories of classification (in order) are: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species. You can remember this by using the first letter of each category (bolded and underlined)
in the phrase: Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Soup? This is an easy way to remember them in order.
Use the kingdom names below to properly identify what eukaryotic kingdom each description is referencing
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryote, may be single
celled (unicellular) or
have many cells
(multicellular). Most
reproduce asexually.
Eukaryote, mainly
multicelular. Obtains
energy by absorbing
nutrients
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryote and
multicellular. Consumes
food and obtains energy
by cellular respiration.
Reproduces sexually.
Eukaryote and
multicellular. Produces
glucose as a source of
energy. Performs
photosynthesis.
2. In classification, we use cladograms to organize organisms into groups. Cladograms tell us evolutionary
relationships by making a “timeline” of relatives. The closer two organisms are on a cladogram, the
closer the relation. The farther away on the cladogram, the more distant relatives. The organisms are
separated on a cladogram by the traits that are believed to have evolved to make the organisms
separate from one another.
Use the cladogram below to test your understanding:
What 2 animals are the most distant relatives? ____________________________
Who are closer relatives: salamander and lizard or mouse and perch?
What is the trait that separates salamanders and lizards from one another? _______________________
IX. Ecology
Use the terms below to review some of the major concepts of ecology.
predator
haitat
prey
niche
biotic
carnivore
abiotic
heterotroph
competition
autotroph
herbivore omnivore
decomposer
mutualism
parasitism commensialism
1. In an environment, any living factors such as plants and animals is known as ______________________.
Any nonliving factor in the environment such as sunlight, temperature, and water are known as
_____________________.
2. Plants are unique because they are able to produce their own food in the form of glucose (sugar). Because
of this, we call them producers or _______________________. Animals must eat, or consume their food
to obtain energy. Because of this we call them consumers or __________________________.
3. The area an organism lives is known as its ____________________. The role, or what the organism does
in an ecosystem is known as its ______________________. For example, a white tailed deer’s niche is
being a 1st level consumer that eats grass. If organisms have the same niche, than
___________________________ for resources results.
4. An organism that obtains food by eating producers, or plants is known as a ______________________. An
organism that obtains energy by eating other consumer, or animals is known as a
_________________________. An organism that hunts and eats another animal is known as a
_____________________, while the animal it is eating is the ______________________. Animals that will
eat both plants and animals is known as a ____________________________. Organisms like fungus that
break down and recycle dead material to the soil are known as detritivores or
__________________________.
5. A relationship where one organism harms another, such as a heartworm infecting and harming a dog is an
example of a _________________ relationship. A relationship where both organisms involved are
benefitted, such as bees pollinating plants, is known as a ______________________ relationship. A
relationship where one organism is benefitted and another is not affected, such as a remora and a shark,
is known as ____________________________.
6. Food chains show how energy moves in an ecosystem. The arrow shows the order in which energy
moves through the food chain. Producers are at the base of the food chain. Primary (1st level)
consumers eat plants, secondary (2nd level) consumers eat primary consumers and tertiary (3rd level)
consumers eat secondary consumers.
Label producer and primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers below.
**Remember: the tip of the
arrow points to the animal
that is eating the organism at
the other end of the arrow
7. Food webs show more complex relationships in an ecosystem. Instead of showing a few organisms, a
food web shows the interactions of ALL organisms in a certain ecosystem. If one organism is removed
from a food web another organism may suffer by losing its source of food. If another organisms
population size is too large, it may eat too many of another population causing its numbers to fall. The
tip of the arrow points to the animal that eats the organism at the other end.
Use the food web below to answer the questions:
1. What would happen to the
population size of the ridgenose
rattlesnake if the chihahuan
raven population size greatly
increased?
2. What would happen to the
Mexican whiptail lizard
population size if the
population of the Chihuahuan
ravens died off?
8. Identifying growth curves
a) What type of growth curve is
represented on the left?
________________________________
b) What do we call an organism that
follows this growth curve?
________________________________
c) What is the approximate carrying
capacity? _________________________
a) What type of growth curve is represented on
the left?
_____________________________________
b) What do we call an organism that follows this
type of growth curve? ______________________
X. Plants
1. Label the flower parts using the terms below.
ovary, filament, anther, petal, stigma, sepal, style, ovule/seed, stamen, pistil
1.
8.
2.
7.
6.
3.
5.
4.
9.
10.
2. Classify the following plant categories by writing an NV in front of nonvascular plants, NS in front
seedless vascular plants and a VS in front of vascular plants with seeds.
_____ cycadophytes
_____ anthocerophytes
_____ lycophytes
_____ anthophytes
_____ bryophytes
_____ hepaticophytes
_____ coniferophytes
_____ ginkophytes
_____ gnetophytes
_____ pterophytes
3. Draw an image of a plant demonstrating phototropism using the image below.
4. The ________ is a waxy covering that acts as a barrier to microorganisms and prevents water loss.
a. Cuticle
b. Stomata
c. Vascular Tissue
d. Seeds
5. The process that pulls water up through the plant due to the evaporation of water from the inside
of the leaf out through the stomata is:
a. Tropism
b. Transpiration
c. Petiole
d. Photosynthesis
6. Seed producing plants are known as _______________, while flower producing plants are known
as _______________.
a. Angiosperm; Gymnosperm
b. Sporophyte; Gametophye
c. Gametophyte; Sporophyte
d. Gymnosperm; Angiosperm
7. Water and other substances move through nonvascular plants by:
a. Xylem
b. Endocytosis c. Diffusion
d. Phloem
8. Scientists think that the first plants on land were probably:
a. Vascular
b. Seed producing
c. Nonvascular d. Angiosperms
9. The ____________ allows gas exchange to occur through the cuticle.
a. Cutin
b. Stomata
c. Vascular tissue
d. Seeds
10. Root-like structures used by non-vascular plants to anchor them to the soil or other surfaces:
a. Sorus
b. Rhizoid
c. Xylem
d. Petiole
11. A protective structure that contains the plant embryo and nutrients is the:
a. Cuticle
b. Stomata
c. Vascular Tissue
d. Seed
12. In vascular plants, _____________ transports water, while ___________ transports carbohydrates
(food).
a. Xylem; phloem
b. Phloem; xylem
c. Stem; root
d. Root; stem