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READING GUIDE CHAPTER 10 (Due Review Day)
Name __________________________
10.1 Part I.
For T/F, circle true of false; correct false statements to make them true. Fill in the blanks correctly.
1) T/F Zebra stripe patterns are genetically determined, and every zebra’s stripe pattern is unique.
2) Passing of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ________________________.
3) Traits are characteristics that are ______________________________.
4) Gametes are ______________________________________________________________________.
5) Male and female gametes combine in a process called ________________________.
6) Mendel dusted the female flower structure with pollen from the male structure of another flower in a process
called _______________________ so that he could be sure of the ______________ in his cross.
7) Some tall pea plants were from populations of plants that had been tall for many generations and had always
produced tall offspring. These plants are said to be ___________________________ for tallness.
8) (page 256) Mendel concluded from his experiments that each organism has _________ factors for each trait.
These factors are ________________ which are located on the ___________________.
9) Genes exist in alternative forms. The different forms are called _____________________. For example two
alleles determine pea plant height. One allele is inherited from the __________________________ and the other
allele is inherited from the ____________________________.
10) The trait that is observed is ________________________, and the trait that disappeared is recessive.
11) The way an organism looks, such as tall, is called its _______________________________________; the allele
combination, such as TT, is its ____________________________________________.
10.1 Part II. Go back over 10.1. Use text, figures, and other parts of a page.
1) Fertilization (uniting of the male & female gametes) produces a single fertilized cell called a _________.
2) Pollen grains are formed within the male _____________ of flowers. Pollen contains sperm cells which carry the
________ units from the male parent to the female parent plants.
3) Note the dominant traits in pea plants. Circle the dominant trait: tall/short, round seed/wrinkled seed, yellow
seed/green seed, white flower/purple flower, yellow pod/green pod, inflated pod/constricted pod, axial
flowers/terminal flowers.
4) F/F Heterozygous means the two alleles for a trait are the same; homozygous means the two alleles for a trait are
different.
5) Punnett squares are used to find the expected _______________ of possible genotypes in the ________________
of a cross.
6) See Figure 10.9. The probability that offspring from two heterozygotes will show a dominant phenotype is
_______________________________________.
10.2 Part I.
1) Modern technologies such a high-power ___________________ show us what Mendel could only imagine.
__________________________ carry the traits that Mendel described.
2) Genes are lined up on ___________________________ in the _________________ of the cell.
3) T/F Two chromosomes of each pair are called homologous chromosomes; they have genes for the same traits
such as height.
4) T/F Meiosis is a kind of cell division that allows offspring to have a different number of chromosomes as their
parents.
5) List the phases of meiosis: Interphase, _______________, metaphase I, ___________________,
_______________________, prophase II, metaphase II, ___________________, and telophase II.
6) T/F Crossing over occurs in Prophase I.
7) Meiosis provides for ______________________________________________.
8) T/F Nondisjunction means separating chromosomes.
9) T/F Polyploidy means that an organism has more than the usual number of chromosomes sets. It is rare in
animals but common in plants.
10.2 Part II. Go back over 10.2. Use text, figures, and other parts of a page.
1) Diploid means that the cell has ___ of each kind of chromosome; it contains a diploid, or ______ number of
chromosomes.
2) Organisms produce gametes (sperm and egg) that are called ______________ because they contain ____ of each
kind of chromosome; it contains a haploid, or ___, number of chromosomes.
3) See the problem-Solving Lab on page 264. Which of the chromosomes, 2, 3, 4, or 5 are homologous with
chromosome 1? _______________________ (Be ready to explain why)
4) Humans have ______ chromosomes or ______ pairs of chromosomes. The human 2n number is ______.
5) See Figure 10.1. In ____________________, an egg (n = 23) and sperm (n = 23) unite. They combine to form a
diploid cell with ________ (2n = _____) chromosomes. Fertilization doubles the chromosome number.
6) In _________________________, a diploid cell (2n = 46) divides to form an egg cell or a sperm cell. Since a
diploid cell has 46 chromosomes, when it divides, the resulting egg or sperm each has _________ (n = 23)
chromosomes. Meiosis _____________ chromosome number.
7) Describe crossing over (see Figure 10.13) _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8) Study Figure 10.14 A. Meiosis begins with _____ cell and ends by forming _____ gametes.
9) Which chromosomes end up in which gamete is random, or a matter of ____________. The number of different
kinds of eggs or sperm a person can produce is 223 (8,388,608) different combinations of chromosomes.
10) Furthermore, because of crossing over, which can occur anywhere at random on a chromosome, none of these
chromosomes is "pure" maternal or paternal. The distribution of sister chromatids at anaphase II is also random.
When fertilization occurs, the number of different zygotes possible is almost endless. This genetic
___________________is a major source of variation among organisms.
11) Nondisjunction leads to either too many or two few chromosomes in the gamete, and therefore, in the offspring.
If the offspring has an extra chromosome (or three instead of a pair), it is called __________________. Down
syndrome results from Trisomy _____.
12) Organisms lacking one or more chromosomes usually do not __________. This condition (one chromosome
instead of a pair) is called ___________________. Turner syndrome is an example.
13) If genes are close together on the same chromosome, they usually are inherited together. (It is the genes on a
chromosome rather than the individual genes that are assorted independently.) These genes are said to be
_________________. When those chromosomes are separated at crossing over, scientists can use the
frequencies of these new gene combinations to make a chromosome _____________ to show the locations of the
genes on the chromosome.