* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Lesson 8 Ecology Worksheet from SI
Survey
Document related concepts
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Biogeography wikipedia , lookup
Ecological resilience wikipedia , lookup
Restoration ecology wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable agriculture wikipedia , lookup
River ecosystem wikipedia , lookup
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
History of wildlife tracking technology wikipedia , lookup
Ecosystem services wikipedia , lookup
Lake ecosystem wikipedia , lookup
Renewable resource wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name _________________________________________________Period ________ Date __________ Study Island Lesson 8 –Ecology 8a Ecosystems and Biomes 1. Write the organization of the biosphere, from broadest category to most specific. 2. The biosphere is the ____________ level of ______________ study and includes ____________ between different ecosystems that can only be studies by viewing the ___________ as one large _______________. Biome 3. Biomes are mainly characterized by being a specific geographic region with a ____________________________________________. 4. Biomes are made up of separate (but similar) __________________, so it contains characteristic types of _________ and animals that are ____________ to the ___________ and its _____________. Ecosystem 5. An _______________ is made up of the ____________, or living, ______________ and its ____________, or nonliving, environment. 6. The abiotic factors that make up an ecosystems _______________ what kinds of _________ and ____________ can live there because these factors would include the amount of water, land, and sunlight are present. Community 7. A ______________________ includes all of the ____________________ that live and interact in the same area. It is made up of only the ecosystem’s ____________________, or biotic portion. Interactions between ____________________ can be observed defining how the competition and __________________________ between different species are also part of _______________ _______________. Population 8. A ________________ is a group of individuals of the ______________________________________________ at the same time. 9. Populations can be defined at different levels of size, as small as a _____________ or as large as an island. Changes in Ecosystems 10. What does the survival of organisms depend on? Give an example._________________________________ 11. True or false. All changes to ecosystems are negative. 12. Changes in an environment have _____________ _____________. For example, if a plants in an ecosystems were to die, the animals that feed on the plants would have______________________, so _______________________________ _______________________. #2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors 13. Both abiotic and biotic factors can____________________________________________________. 14. True or false. Biotic factors are living things. 15. True or false. A natural disaster is not classified as an abiotic factor. #3 Biomes 16. The _________________ of a location determines which _________________________________. 17. Match the type of biome with its description: (Biomes may be used more than once) ______an area where fresh and salt water mix A. Tropical Rainforest ______the largest land (continental) biome B. Temperate Rainforest ______found near the equator C. Desert ______has four distinct seasons D. Temperate Grasslands ______made of mostly frozen subsoil, limiting plant life E. Deciduous Forest ______very sparse trees, receives little rainfall F. Taiga ______canopies consisting of broadleaf and coniferous trees G. Tundra ______characterized by thick, mixed grasses H. Estuary ______receives less than 25cm of rain per year I. Savanna ______also known as prairies, steppes, or pampas ______plants and animal species are adapted to conserve water ______characterized by highest temperatures and most rainfall ______contains mostly coniferous, cone-bearing trees ______contains marsh grasses and tide resistant plants ______most often used for farmland due to rich soils ______coldest of all regions ______contains the most amount of biomass (living things) 8b Energy Flow in Ecosystems #1 Ecosystems- Trophic Levels 18. True or false. Energy is passed from the sun then from one organism to another. 19. How does the Sun’s energy cycle through an ecosystem? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 20. A _______________ _______________ describe the feeding level of an organism. Producers 21. _________________ are organisms that are able to __________________ food molecules from inorganic compounds. This is completed by the process of _______________ by organisms such as ______________, _____________, some kinds of ________________, and _______________. 22. True or false. All other organisms in an ecosystem depend on producers for energy. Consumers 23. Name the three main kinds of consumers: ____________________________________________________________________________________ 24. Primary consumers eat ________________, and are also called ________________ because they only eat __________________. 25. Secondary consumers eat ____________________________, and are either __________________ or _________________ depending on what they consume. 26. Tertiary consumers eat ____________________________, and may be either __________________ or _______________. Decomposers 27. Describe the role of a decomposer. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 28. True or false. Only fungi are classified as decomposers. # 2 The Flow of Energy Through an Ecosystem 29. Using the food chain example, label the role of each of the organisms: ALGAE __________ MINNOW ____________ SALMON ____________ BEAR ___________ BACTERIA _______________ 30. What do the arrows in a food chain represent? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 31. In which direction does energy flow? _________________________________________________________ Food Webs 32. A ____________________ is a group of interconnected food ______________, where organisms can belong to ______________________________________, or feeding level. 33. From the diagram, which organisms are a. receiving energy from carnivorous zoo plankton:__________________________________________________ b. consuming fish:____________________________________________________________________________ c. the energy source for krill:____________________________________________________________________ Energy Pyramid 34. What does an energy pyramid show?______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 35. How is the energy stored in an ecosystem?_____________________________________________________ 36. Describe the flow of energy as it travels from level to level of an energy pyramid? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 37. How do the actual number of organisms change as you move towards the top of the pyramids?_________________ 8c Organism Interactions and Population Dynamics 38. How do organisms affect one another within an ecosystem? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Energy Relationships 39. _______________ and _______________ describe the _______________ relationships between species and represent the flow of energy through an ecosystem. Symbiosis 40. Symbiosis is an interaction between ______________ of different _______________ _______________, where _______________________ of the organisms receives a ____________, while the other organism can either receive a ________________, _____________________, or not be affected in any way. 41. TRUE or FALSE. A symbiotic interaction involves a distant relationship. 42. Match the type of symbiosis with the relationships below: (the relationship may be used more than once) ______ one organism benefits the other is harmed A. commensalism ______fleas feed on the blood of my dog B. mutualism ______ bees pollinate flowers and collect nectar C. parasitism ______both species benefit ______one species benefits the other is unaffected Predation 43. Predation is when a _____________ hunts, kills, and eats its prey. 44. True or false. Predation and Parasitism are similar because both relationships involve killing the affected organism. Competition 45. What causes competition between species?__________________________________________________________________________________ 46. Name a few examples of resources that organisms compete for:_____________________________________________________________________________________ Cooperation 47. Cooperation is a relationship in which ________________________________________. Animals who exhibit cooperative behavior often______________________________________________________________. 48. What is the main benefit of cooperative behavior in animals?______________________________________ 49. What is a hierarchy of leadership?____________________________________________________________ #2 Carrying Capacity 50. An ecosystem can _____________________________________________, this number is called its _____________ ___________________ and depends on the physical conditions and _____________ available, including temperature, amount of ____________, ___________, air, ___________ and amount of food or sunlight. 51. True or false. The carrying capacity is the actual number of organisms that an ecosystem can support based on its available resources. 52. True or false. Populations will generally increase rapidly at first, then stop growing as they reach carrying capacity. #3 Population Growth Factors 53. Population size is ______________________________________________________________________________ 54. _________________ _____________ is the number of ______________ in the population divided by a regular unit of area or volume. 55. True or false. A J-Shaped population growth curve shows an exponential growth of the numbers of the organisms as long as resources are provided. 56. When population growth is _________________ at first and then levels off at the ecosystem’s _________ ____________, the graph is represented by an ___________________________________________________. Population Growth Factors 57. Match the following terms with their definitions: ______movement of individuals into a population A. birth rate ______ any of an event such as tornadoes, hurricanes or disease B. death rate ______the ratio of births to the number of organisms in a time period C. immigration ______ any physical, biological, or chemical factors in the shortest supply D. emigration ______movement of individuals out of a population E. natural causes ______the ratios of deaths to the number of organisms in a time period F. limiting factor 8e Earths Cycles Carbon-Oxygen Cycle 58. ____________________________________ are predictable pathways followed by chemical elements or molecules as the elements or molecules travel through the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Photosynthesis & Respiration in the Carbon-Oxygen Cycle 59. There are two primary natural processes that drive the carbon-oxygen cycle and they are ___________________________and _______________________ _________________________________. 60. Write the equation for photosynthesis: ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 61. Write the equation for cellular respiration: ___________________________________________________________________________________________ The Nitrogen Cycle 62. The _____________________ ____________________ is the cycle of consumption and regeneration of nitrogen within our environment. Overview 63. Nitrogen is an essential component of ____________________________ & ____________________. 64. Name the two nucleic acids_____________________________& ______________________________. 65. What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?___________________________________ 66. How can nitrogen can be converted to usable forms? ________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Water Cycle 67. Another name for the water cycle is the ____________________________________. 68. The water cycle includes many processes. Define the following: PROCESS Condensation Precipitation Infiltration Surface Runoff Evaporation Transpiration Sublimation Deposition 8e- Environmental Change Natural Environmental Impact 69. True or False. All environmental impact from volcanic eruption are negative to the environment. 70. Name the four benefits of fire on an ecosystem: a.__________________________________________________ b.__________________________________________________ c.__________________________________________________ d.__________________________________________________ #2 Human Environmental Impact The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change 71. How does burning fossil fuels affect the carbon cycle? Be Specific! ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Earth’s Atmosphere 72. What is particulate matter? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 73. What effects may it cause to humans? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 74. What is ozone? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ The Nitrogen Cycle 75. How do human-made fertilizers affect the nitrogen cycle? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 76. Humans affect the water cycle by covering the ground with building and _____________, which increase the amount of ____________ ____________ that is produced which collects _____________________ that end up in the water and changes the ___________balance of bodies of _____________. 77. ________________, humankind’s most common way of disposing _________ __________, impacts the water cycle by contaminating _________________ and __________________. Water that is ________________ from the various ___________ and inorganic substances with which it comes into _____________ as it ______________ through the waste is known as __________________. Human Activity and Earth’s Ecosystems 78. What is the current human population?___________________ 79. Give an example of how humans have been able to live longer._________________________________ 80. Name three factors that have affected animal habitats:_______________________________________ __________________________ ________________________________ 81. What rapidly increases the naturally occurring process of erosion?________________________________________________________________________________ 82. What is the main way that humans generate acid rain?__________________________________________________________________________________ Human Activity and Conservation 83. Match the term with its definition: ______giving something a different purpose A. Conservation ______making new products from ones that have been used before B. Reducing ______the act of careful use and planning to minimize negative use C. Reusing ______the act of consuming fewer natural resources and decreasing waste D. Recycling #3 Invasive Species 84. What is an invasive species? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 85. How might new species be brought into foreign areas? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 86. In many cases, non-native organisms ___________________________________, however, there are certain cases where the ___________ ______________ ________ is able to _________________ and _________________ in the new habitat, sometimes even doing well enough to __________________ ______________ ________________ for food and other resources.