Download Ch 12 Review Guide

Name: _________________________Date:___________________Period: ______________
Chapter 12 Review Guide
Part I. Please complete the following questions from your book: pg. 315 (1-10; 14-17; 19-23). TO GET FULL CREDIT YOU MUST
ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES!!!
Part II. Complete the following review handout.
12-1: Fill in the following chart for the important scientists
Scientist
Briefly describe experiment
Important Contribution
Griffith
Avery
Hershey-Chase
Watson and Crick
Rosalind Franklin
1. DNA is made up of monomers called ________________________________, and each monomer is made up of 3 parts (list them):
2. a) Describe the structure of DNA
b) What are the base pairing rules?
3. Differentiate between chromatin and chromosomes.
4. Differentiate between histones and nucleosomes.
5. When are chromosomes visible in the cell?
DNA Replication
6. What do the DNA "instructions" (genes) code for?_____________________
7. What is the purpose of DNA replication?
8. When and where does DNA replication occur?
9. Explain the role of the enzyme Helicase in DNA replication?
10. Explain the role of DNA polymerase (it has 2 functions remember)?
11. What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
12
Assume the original DNA strand has been “unzipped” and DNA polymerase is adding each complimentary nucleotide.
complimentary DNA sequence for each strand.
Strand 1
Strand 2
C-
G-
T
A-
A-
T-
T-
A-
A-
T-
G-
C-
C-
G-
T-
A-
C-
G-
13. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules (circle your answer)
A.
each with two original strands
B.
each with one new strand and one original strand
C.
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
D.
each with two new strands
Transcription
14.
What is the purpose of mRNA?
15.
How is RNA different than DNA?
a)
b)
c)
Fill in the
16.
What is transcription?
17.
Why is it necessary to make an mRNA strand?
18.
Transcribe the following DNA strand?
DNA:
A T T- C T C- G A G- T C A- TGA
mRNA :________________________
Translation
19. What RNA molecules are involved in translation (3 of them)? Give their function.
20. What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?
21. If the code on a DNA is AAT, what is the mRNA codon? ___________What would be the tRNA anticodon (remember it’s a compliment to the
mRNA strand)? ____________ What amino acid would be brought? __________________
22. Where does transcription happen? __________________________ translation? ______________
DNA replication? _______________________
23. a) How many mRNA bases are in 5 codons? ________________________________
b) If there are 21 mRNA bases, how many codons are there? _______________
24. If a piece of DNA contains 85 base-pairs (170 total bases), how many guanines are represented if
there are 12 thymines? (show your work)
25. What is the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosome mutation?
26. Define point mutation.
27. Define frameshift mutation.
28. Explain what is meant when a mutation can cause a change in the “reading frame” of a genetic message (making a protein). (read pg. 307
again in your book).
29. original DNA:
mRNA:
protein :
mutated DNA:
mRNA:
protein:
TAC-GCA-TGG-AAT
__________________
____________________
TAC-GTA-TGG-AAT (what kind of mutation?______________)
______________________
_________________________
30. Did the mutation on the original strand of DNA in question #29 cause any changes to the protein produced? (explain in detail).
31. original DNA:
mRNA:
protein :
mutated DNA:
mRNA:
protein:
TAC-GCA-TGG-AAT
__________________
____________________
TAT-CGC-ATG-GAA-T (what kind of mutation?______________)
______________________
_________________________
32. Did the mutation on the original strand of DNA in question #31 cause any changes to the protein produced? (explain in detail).
33. Decode the secret message hidden in the DNA strand below.
DNA: ACC-TAA-TAC-AGA-ATC-AGA-TTA-AAT-GCA-TAC-TAA-ATC-GTA-CGA-AGA-ATC- CTTTAA-TTT-AAT-AGA-ATC
mRNA: __________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Secret Message: (write down the first letter of each amino acid/ stop indicates a space between
words)._________________________________________________________
DNA Processes Organization Chart
DNA Replication
Transcription (Step 1 of Protein
Synthesis)
Write the complementary DNA
strand.
GCCATACGACTT
_________________
Transcribe this DNA strand into
mRNA.
GCCATACGACTT
________________
Translation (Step 2 of Protein Synthesis)
Where does it happen?
Purpose
What pieces are
needed?
Product
Practice
Translate the mRNA into a protein.
mRNA: ___________________
Protein: ___________________
Protein Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anticodon
Amino Acid
GGG
GAA
Lysine
AGC
Leucine
ATA
CAA